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Forensic Identification of Cases with Infectious Diseases Such as Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2020年第2期6卷 53-57页

作者： Xin Liu Wen Liu "Initiative 2011" Cen ter of Cooperative Inno vati on for Judicial Civilizati onBeijing100088China Key Laboratory of Evide nee law and Fore nsic Scie nee(Ch ina University of Political Science and law) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Center for medical law and ethics China University of Political Science and LawBeijing100088China School of law China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

Deaths or other legal disputes caused by novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)may require forensic pathological autopsy or forensic clinical *** daily forensic identification of cases in which individuals died of infectious diseases,forensic identification agencies and experts should be fully aware of the risk of infection when dissecting and examining such ***,forensic identification personnel should always adopt eflfective protective *** a novel infectious disease,research and information on COVID-19 are updated ***,guidelines should be carefully selected for forensic *** addition to the above aspects,this paper has also discussed other common issues during the forensic autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases,such as professional ethics,informed consent,insurance claims,and environmental protection.

关键词： Forensic identification infectious diseases novel coronavirus pneumonia occupational safety pathological autopsy

In-patient suicide after telephone delivery of bad news to a suspected COVID-19 patient:What could be done to improve communication quality?

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Health Care Science

Health Care Science 2023年第6期2卷 400-405页

作者： Natalie Tin Yau So Olivia Miu Yung Ngan LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina medical ethics and Humanities Unit School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina centre for medical ethics and law The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

1|INTRODUCTION Breaking bad news is a critical communication competency for healthcare *** disclosure of a life-threatening event,such as a malignancy diagnosis,often causes significant stress to *** some patients may respond with acceptance and a determination to fight their illness,research has consistently shown that cancer patients often respond to the disclosure of their diagnosis with a range of negative emotions,such as anxiety,distress,and depression[1,2].These reactions are often accompanied by feelings of fear,uncertainty,and a sense of loss of control over their *** may also experience denial,manifesting as reluctance to accept or discuss the diagnosis[3].Avoidance is another common reaction,where patients may choose to avoid certain situations or people that remind them of their illness[4].These reactions are not uncommon and are a natural response to the stress and uncertainty of cancer diagnosis.

关键词： cancer communication COVID-19 patient suicide ethics

Expediting the Development of Virtopsy Identification Technology in Forensic Medicine in China

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2020年第4期6卷 144-147页

作者： Liu Xin Zheng Xiechang Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization BeijingChina Institute of Evidence law Key Laboratory for Evidence Science(China University of Political Science and Law)Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Center for Health and Pharmaceutical law and ethics of China University of Political Science and law BeijingChina

Virtopsy technology is noninvasive,noncontact,and can find potential *** these reasons,it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical *** present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development,introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine,summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China,and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning,setting standards,strengthening assistance,and promoting scientific research.

关键词： Judicial expertise postmortem computed tomography postmortem computed tomography angiography postmortem magnetic resonance imaging virtopsy

Adolescents’ happiness-increasing strategies, temperament, and character: Mediation models on subjective well-being

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 802-810页

作者： Ali Al Nima Trevor Archer Danilo Garcia centre for ethics Law and Mental Health (CELAM) University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Department of Psychology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

In order to predict Subjective Well-Being (SWB) or happiness two of the major determinants may be 1) A genetic set point (which reflects personality) and 2) Current intentional activities (behavioral, cognitive, and motivational). In this context, personality can be considered as psycho-biological—composed of temperament (i.e., what grabs our attention and how intensely we react) and character (i.e., a reflection of personal goals and values). The present study examined how adolescents’ personality and intentional happiness-increasing strategies, measured at one point in time, are related to SWB measured one year later. Results show that temperament (Harm Avoidance) and character dimensions (Self-directedness) predicted SWB. Moreover, strategies such as active leisure (e.g., engaging in sports) and instrumental goal pursuit (e.g., study) also predicted SWB at the end of the school year. The strategy of Mental Control (i.e., an ambivalent effort to both avoid and contemplate negative thoughts and feelings), which was related to Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness, mediated the relationship between these two personality dimensions and SWB.

关键词： Adolescents Character Happiness Happiness-Increasing Strategies Subjective Well-Being TCI Temperament

Road Traffic Accidents in Ghana: A Public Health Concern, and a Call for Action in Ghana, (and the Sub-Region)

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第11期4卷 822-828页

作者： Albert Coleman centre for Bioethics Medical Law and Patient Advocacy Sekondi Ghana

This paper highlights the increasing problem of road traffic accident (RTA) related morbidity and mortality in Ghana, and the public health measures needed to control the problem. Descriptive data in the public domain from statutory bodies and media houses reports on country RTA information, as well as academic papers on the problem, were used as source of information about the problem. The observed trend in Ghana indicates that RTA related fatalities and injuries continue to be increasing, as morbidity and mortality factors since the year 2000. Most of the remedial measures suggested in academic papers, and state agencies measures to curb the RTA trend in Ghana to date, have discussed the problem in terms of injury and safety issues/measures. This paper suggests that the increasing RTAs with associated morbidity and mortality in Ghana need to be looked at more as a public health problem and priority that requires prompt tackling using a public health problem orientated approach and measures, than just as a safety problem due to RTAs’, as is currently done.

关键词： Ghana Road Traffic Accident (RTA) Fatalities Public Health Safety

The Alzheimer’s Dementia Patients’ Observed Illness Course and Experience in Ghana and Care Lessons to Be Learnt: A Mental Health Professional’s Perspective

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 91-106页

作者： Albert M. E. Coleman centre for Bioethics Medical Law and Patient Advocacy Sekondi Ghana

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated dementia patient numbers continue to increase globally with associated economic costs to healthcare systems. Of note is the increase in numbers in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, which already face challenges with their health budgets from communicable and non-communicable diseases. Ghana, an SSA country, faces the problem of healthcare budgetary difficulties and the additional impact of AD as a consequence of increasing population strata of old aged persons (OAPs) due to the demographic transition effect. This article uses examples of known patients’ illness courses to give a perspective on the lived experience of patients with dementia (PWD) in Ghana, living amongst a populace with a culture of stigmatization of PWD, and a relatively fragile public mental health system (PMHS) for those with mental illness, including AD. The lived experience of AD patients is characterised by stigmatisation, discrimination, non-inclusiveness, diminished dignity and human rights abuses in the face of their mental disability, and eventually death. This article is an advocacy article giving voice to the voiceless and all persons suffering from AD and other dementias in Ghana, whilst pleading for a call to action from healthcare professionals and responsible state agencies.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Dementia Patients Ghana Stigmatization Discrimination Human Rights Dignity

Police Emergency Commitment Powers in Cases of Persons Experiencing Mental Health Crisis in “Public Spaces”: Review of the Commitment Process in England and Wales, in Comparison to the Practice in the United States of America (USA)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第4期11卷 219-228页

作者： Albert Mark Essaw Coleman centre for Bioethics Medical Law and Patient Advocacy Sekondi Ghana

Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.

关键词： Mentally Disordered Persons Public Places Police Emergency Commitment Powers Evaluation law/Statutes

The ecological validity of traditional standing and novel bicycle balance and agility tests for predicting performance in mountain bikers

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第4期4卷 287-292页

作者： K.Buchholtz M.Lambert T.L.Burgess Health Physical ActivityLifestyleand Sport(HPALS)Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Department of Physiotherapy LUNEX International University of HealthExercise and SportsLuxembourg Division of Physiotherapy University of Cape TownAnzio RoadObservatoryCape TownSouth Africa centre for medical ethics and law Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa

Falls are a common mechanism of injury in mountain biking and may be related to a loss of control of the ***,the components of bicycle control(balance and agility)are measured in standing and running,which may not reflect the skills required in mountain *** this paper,we present the validity of both traditional standing and novel bicycle-specific balance tests in mountain ***-nine male and female participants completed indoor laboratory tests and an outdoor downhill *** completed single-leg stance balance,Y-balance test,one static and four dynamic bicycle-specific balance tests,a bicycle agility test,and an outdoor downhill ***-leg stance balance and Y-balance tests with eyes open had poor validity when associated with bicycle *** static(r=-0.57,p=0.001)and four dynamic bicycle balance tests(r=-0.51 to-0.78,p=0.005 to 0.0001),and the bicycle agility test(r=0.87,p<0.0001)had moderate to strong relationships with the outdoor downhill ***-leg stance balance and Y-balance tests with eyes open are not valid measures of performance on a mountain bike,and should not be used to assess these *** novel bicycle balance tests have adequate validity to be used as measures of performance in mountain bikers.

关键词： Bicycling Control Proprioception

Impact of body composition on survival and morbidity after liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第1期18卷 28-37页

作者： Andreas Kroh Diane Uschner Toine Lodewick Roman M Eickhoff Wenzel Sch?ning Florian T Ulmer Ulf P Neumann Marcel Binneb?sel Department of General Visceral and Transplant Surgery University Hospital RWTH Aachen Institute of medical Statistics University Hospital RWTH Aachen Department of Surgery Maastricht University Medical Center Department of Radiology Zuyderland Medical Centre Department of Radiology Maastricht University Medical Centre

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common innate liver tumor. Due to improved surgical techniques, even extended resections are feasible, and more patients can be treated with curative intent. As the liver is the central metabolic organ, preoperative metabolic assessment is crucial for risk stratification. Sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity characterize body composition and metabolic status. Here we present the impact of body composition on survival after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective database analysis of 70 patients who were assigned for liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma was conducted. For assessment of sarcopenia and obesity, skeletal muscle surface area was measured at lumbar vertebra 3 level(L3) in preoperative four-phase contrast enhanced abdominal CT scans, and L3 muscle index and body fat percentage were calculated. Results: Univariate analysis comparing the survival curves using the score test demonstrated superior postoperative overall survival for sarcopenic( P = 0.035) and sarcopenic obese( P = 0.048) patients as well as a trend favoring obese( P = 0.130) subjects. Whereas multivariate analysis could not identify significant difference in postoperative survival regarding sarcopenia, obesity or sarcopenic obesity. Only large tumor size, multifocal disease and male gender were risk factors for long-term survival. Conclusions: Sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity are indeed no risk factors for poor postoperative survival in this study. Our data do not support the evaluation of sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity before liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Sarcopenia Obesity Sarcopenic obesity Liver resection