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Is the sundarbans of Bangladesh in a State of Pollution?

Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 19-41页

作者： Mahmood Hossain Chameli Saha Sanjoy Saha Hawlader Mohammed Nurul Islam Mushfiq Ahmed Tanvir Ahmed Abdul Halim Farhad Sikder Md. Mutasim Billah Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Institute for integrated studies on the sundarbans and Coastal Ecosystems (IISSCE) Khulna University Khulna Bangla-desh Ecology Forestry and Biodiversity Division Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka Bangladesh

The sundarbans is the world’s most extensive natural mangrove forest and home to various natural resources. The population in the vicinity has increased, causing more dependency on the resources of the sundarbans. The increasing industrialization, urbanization, aquaculture, intensive agricultural practices, seaports, tourism facilities, and so on in the peripheral areas of the sundarbans have made significant changes in the surrounding and upstream land uses of the sundarbans. This situation may have detrimental influences on the ecosystem components of the sundarbans. Therefore, it is highly demanded to prepare a piece of baseline information or database of different sources of pollution and their present status in the various components of the sundarbans. This effort helps to identify issues and concerns, determine the key elements of the ecosystem to monitor the level or overall quality of the sundarbans ecosystem. The present study systematically collects the potential sources of pollution, types, and current levels in the ecosystem components of the sundarbans using academic databases, libraries, and online resources. Discharge of industrial waste into water, soil and air, heavy metal pollution, use of agrochemicals, oil (refined and crude) pollution, plastic materials from urban areas, and tourism are the major issues and concerns related to the sustainability of the sundarbans ecosystem. The air quality of the sundarbans is in good condition with 0 - 50 AQI of Bangladesh. While BOD, COD, TDS, TSS varied from 2.0 to 3.8 mg/L, 21.6 to 416 mg/L, 146.9 to 24,100 mg/L and 54 to 155 mg/L, respectively. Soil EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus ranged from 3.01 - 5.82 mS/cm, 1.41% - 2.69%, 0.51 - 1.05 mg/g, and 0.32 - 0.51 mg/g respectively. The air, water and soil quality parameters varied with the sites and seasons and not much at the state of contamination. Indeed, we must pay much attention to the sundarbans’ air, water and soil quality with

关键词： Ecosystem Mangroves Monitoring Pollution Soil sundarbans

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Above-Ground Biomass, Nutrients and Carbon in Aegiceras corniculatum of the sundarbans

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Open Journal of Forestry 2016年第2期6卷 72-81页

作者： Mahmood Hossain Md. Al-Amin Shaikh Chameli Saha S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah Sanjoy Saha Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline khulna university Khulna Bangladesh centre for integrated studies on the sundarbans khulna university Khulna Bangladesh

Aegiceras corniculatum grows as single-stemmed evergreen shrub or small tree in the sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to derive the allometric models for estimating above-ground biomass, nutrients (N, P and K) and carbon stock in A. corniclatum. A total of 8 linear models (y = aX + b, , y = aLogX + b, Logy = aX + b, Logy = aLogX + b, y = alnX + b, Lny = aX + b and Lny = alnX + b) with 64 regression equations were tested to derive the allometric model for biomass of each plant part;and nutrients and carbon stock in total aboveground biomass. The best fit allometric models were selected by considering the values of R2, CV, Rmse, MSerror, Sa, Sb, F value, AICc and Furnival Index. The selected allometric models were Logbiomass = 0.76LogDBH2 - 1.39;Biomass = 0.07DBH2 - 0.49;Logbiomass = 1.04LogDBH2 - 1.80;Logbiomass = 1.04LogDBH2 - 0.99;= 0.48DBH - 0.13 for leaves, branches, bark, stem without bark and total above-ground biomass respectively. The selected allometric models for Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium and Carbon stock in total above-ground biomass were = 0.67DBH + 0.11;= 0.94DBH + 0.08;= 1.06DBH - 0.18;= 0.33DBH - 0.09 respectively.

关键词： Allometry Biomass Carbon Nutrient sundarbans

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Salt Tolerance of <i>Xylocarpus mekongensis</i>Pierre: Survival and Growth of Seedlings, Nutrients and Carbon Distribution in Seedling Parts

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Open Journal of Forestry 2020年第3期10卷 293-306页

作者： Sanjoy Saha Mahmood Hossain Md. Sajib Hossain Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah Chameli Saha Institute for integrated studies on the sundarbans and Coastal Ecosystems (IISSCE) Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh

Xylocarpus mekongensis Pierre is the important tree species of the sundarbans. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on the survival and growth of X. mekongensis seedlings. The distributional patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and carbon in seedling parts were also examined in relation to salinity. Comparatively higher survival (95%) of seedlings was observed at non-saline to slightly saline conditions (0-5 PSU) and it was decreased to 78% at 35 PSU salinity. The relative growth rate (RGR) was higher at non-saline to slightly saline (0 to 5 PSU) conditions compared to higher salinity. Nutrients, sodium, and carbon concentration are found to vary significantly (p X. mekongensis has the capacity to tolerate higher saline condition but they grow well in non-saline to less saline conditions.

关键词： Growth Mangroves Nutrients Salinity Survival Xylocarpus mekongensis

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The Dependency of Coastal Livelihood on Forest Resources, and Alternative Options in the Periphery of the sundarbans Reserve Forest, Patharghata, Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Forestry 2021年第4期11卷 398-414页

作者： Abdul Alim Shaikh Mousumi Halder Mohammad Badrul Alam Talukder Sk. Mohibullah Sanjoy Saha Climate Change Program Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh (CCDB) Dhaka Bangladesh Royal Danish Embassy Dhaka Bangladesh Institute for integrated studies on the sundarbans and Coastal Ecosystems (IISSCE) Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh

Dependency on forest resources poses a threat to the environment in Patharghata, Bangladesh. Therefore, this study explores the role of forest resource in the life and livelihood of coastal people as well as to understand the effectiveness of forest and status of forest dependency in and around south-central coast in Patharghata, Bangladesh. We collected data randomly from 105 household heads through both open and close-ended questionnaire. To investigate the forest dependency and people’s perception regarding alternative solutions, Microsoft excel software program has been applied. The findings reveal that usage of fuelwood in cooking, housing structure, fish catching, honey & fodder collection significantly contributes to household dependency on forest resources, while other variables seem to be insignificant. Our study amplifies that the share of forest income to the total household income was only 19% while other earning sources provided 81% income. The result shows that respondent people collect forest resources primarily for cooking purpose with a share of 71% where 9% forest resources are collected as fodder followed by 8% forest resource collection as food and sheltering purposes. Moreover, the study found that using alternative cooking system, artificial instruments, declaring the forest as tourist spot, changes in housing structure, occupation are some effective options to reduce forest dependency. The study concludes that these alternative options need more financial and other support from the government, non-government and other civil society organizations to cut down forest resource dependency.

关键词： Forest Resource Dependency Biodiversity Conservation Sundarban Reserve Forest Coastal Livelihood

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