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An integrated approach for GLOF hazard,vulnerability and risk assessment in the Karakoram Mountain Range of northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 142-155页

作者： Sajid ULLAH Muhammad SHAFIQUE Ghazanfar Ali KHATTAK Attaullah SHAH Yaseen ULLAH National centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25000Pakistan GIS and Space Application in Geosciences National Centre of GIS and Space Applications(NCGSA)Islamabad 44000Pakistan Karakoram International University Gilgit 15100Pakistan

Climate change and rising temperatures are accelerating the rate of deglaciation in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya(HKH)ranges,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing *** lakes are often vulnerable to failure,posing a significant threat to downstream communities and ***,a comprehensive assessment of Glacier-Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards and risk assessment is crucial to evaluate flood runout characteristics and identify settlements and infrastructure that are exposed and vulnerable to floods,aiding in the development and implementation of risk reduction *** study aims to simulate a GLOF event induced by the Shisper glacier lake in northern Pakistan,using the HEC-RAS,and to assess its impact on settlements,infrastructure,and agricultural *** the hydrometeorological analysis of the GLOF event,topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),stream profiles,discharge data,Manning's roughness coefficient(n),and land use/land cover(LULC)were analyzed using HEC-RAS and geographic information system(GIS).During the GLOF event on May 7,2022,a maximum water depth of 6.3 m and a maximum velocity of 9.5 m/s were *** on the runout characteristics of this event,vulnerability and risk assessments have been *** physical,social,and environmental vulnerabilities of the at-risk elements were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and integrated with the hazard data to develop a risk *** study identified the areas,infrastructure and settlements susceptible to GLOF hazard to support the development and implementation of targeted and evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.

关键词： GLOF Hazard assessment Glacial lake HEC-RAS Vulnerability and risk Shisper glacier

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Unveiling the photocatalytic marvels:Recent advances in solar heterojunctions for environmental remediation and energy harvesting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 283-297页

作者： Najmeh Askari Mansoureh Jamalzadeh Aghil Askari Naiyun Liu Bijan Samali Mika Sillanpaa Leigh Sheppard Haitao Li Raf Dewil Department of Chemical Engineering Process and Environmental Technology LabKU LeuvenDe Nayerlaan 5 Sint-Katelijne-Waver2860Belgium Department of Plastics Engineering UMass LowellLowellMA 01851USA Department of Mechanical Engineering UMass LowellLowellMA 01851USA Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China centre for infrastructure Engineering Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW2751Australia Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000 AarhusDenmark Solar Energy Technologies Research Group Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW2751Australia Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX13PJUnited Kingdom

In the quest for effective solutions to address *** meet the escalating energy demands,heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile *** photocatalysts have garnered significant interest due to their wideranging applications,including wastewater treatment,air purification,CO_(2) capture,and hydrogen generation via water *** technique harnesses the power of semiconductors,which are activated under light illumination,providing the necessary energy for catalytic *** visible light constituting a substantial portion(46%)of the solar spectrum,the development of visible-light-driven semiconductors has become *** photocatalysts offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with activating semiconductors under visible *** this comprehensive review,we present the recent advancements in the field of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants across diverse media,as well as the remarkable progress made in renewable energy ***,we delve into the crucial role played by various operating parameters in influencing the photocatalytic performance of heterojunction ***,we address emerging challenges and propose novel perspectives to provide valuable insights for future advancements in this dynamic research *** unraveling the potential of heterojunction photocatalysts,this reviewcontributes to the broader understanding of their applications and paves the way for exciting avenues of exploration and innovation.

关键词： Heterojunction photocatalysts Solar photocatalysis Environmental depollution Energy conversion Visible-light-driven semiconductors

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Empirical models and design codes in prediction of modulus of elasticity of concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 38-48页

作者： Behnam VAKHSHOURI Shami NEJADI centre for Built infrastructure Research University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)is a key parameter in reinforced concrete *** represents the stressstrain relationship in the elastic range and is used in the prediction of concrete *** of range estimation of MOE in the existing codes of practice strongly affect the design and performance of the concrete *** study includes: (a)evaluation and comparison of the existing analytical models to estimating the MOE in normal strength concrete,and (b)proposing and verifying a new *** addition,a wide range of experimental databases and empirical models to estimate the MOE from compressive strength and density of concrete are evaluated to verification of the proposed model. The results show underestimation of MOE of conventional concrete in majority of the existing ***,considering the consistency between density and mechanical properties of concrete,the predicted MOE in the models including density effect,are more compatible with the experimental results.

关键词： modulus of elasticity normal strength normal weight concrete empirical models design codes compressive strength density

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High-resolution Simulation Dataset of Hourly PM_(2.5)Chemical Composition in China(CAQRA-aerosol)from 2013 to 2020

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第4期42卷 697-712页

作者： Lei KONG Xiao TANG Jiang ZHU Zifa WANG Bing LIU Yuanyuan ZHU Lili ZHU Duohong CHEN Ke HU Huangjian WU Qian WU Jin SHEN Yele SUN Zirui LIU Jinyuan XIN Dongsheng JI Mei ZHENG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China National Environmental Monitoring centre Beijing 100012China Guangdong Ecological Environment Monitoring centre Guangzhou 510308China Wuhan Environmental Monitoring centre Hubei 430015China Hubei Province Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences Hubei 430072China Peking University Beijing 100871China

Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategies.A high-resolution PM_(2.5) chemical composition dataset(CAQRA-aerosol)is developed in this study,which provides hourly maps of organic carbon,black carbon,ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 *** paper describes the method,access,and validation results of this *** shows that CAQRA-aerosol has good consistency with observations and achieves higher or comparable accuracy with previous PM_(2.5) composition *** on CAQRA-aerosol,spatiotemporal changes of different PM_(2.5) compositions were investigated from a national viewpoint,which emphasizes different changes of nitrate from other *** estimated annual rate of population-weighted concentrations of nitrate is 0.23μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) from 2015 to 2020,compared with−0.19 to−1.1μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) for other *** whole dataset is freely available from the China Air Pollution Data Center(https://***/10.12423/capdb_***).

关键词： PM_(2.5)composition dataset black carbon organic carbon ammonium nitrate sulfate

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Risk Acceptability and Cost-Effectiveness of Protective Measures Against Terrorist Threats to Built infrastructure Considering Multiple Threat Scenarios

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2008年第5期14卷 313-317页

作者： STEWART Mark G centre for infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of Newcastle

Decisions are often needed about the need and/or extent of protective measures against explosive blast loads on built infrastructure. A decision support analysis considers fatality risks and cost-effectiveness of protective measures expressed in terms of expected cost spent on risk reduction per life saved for terrorist threats to infrastructure. The analysis is applicable to any item of infrastructure, but in this paper is applied to casualties arising from building facade glazing damage. Risks may be compared with risk acceptance criteria in the form of quantitative safety goals. The risk acceptability and cost-effectiveness of protective measures includes cost of the protective measures, attack probability,reduction in risk due to protective measures,probability of fatality conditional on successful terrorist attack and number of exposed individuals.

关键词： risk terrorism cost-benefit analysis infrastructure decision analysis

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Statistical variability and fragility assessment of ballistic perforation of steel plates for 7.62 mm AP ammunition

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 503-513页

作者： Mark G.Stewart Michael DNetherton centre for infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of NewcastleNew South Wales2038Australia

The paper describes field test results of 7.62×51 mm M61 AP(armour piercing) ammunition fired into mild steel targets at an outdoor *** targets varied from 10 mm to 32 mm in *** tests recorded penetration depth,probability of perforation(i.e.,complete penetration),muzzle and impact velocities,bullet mass,and plate yield strength and *** measured penetration depth exhibited a variability of approximately±12%.The paper then compared ballistic test results with predictive models of steel penetration depth and thickness to prevent *** parameters were derived for muzzle and impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hardness,and model error.A Monte-Carlo probabilistic analysis was then developed to estimate the probability of plate perforation of 7.62 mm M61 AP ammunition for a range of impact velocities,and for mild steels,and High Hardness Armour(HHA) *** perforation fragility analysis considered the random variability of impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hardness,and model *** a probabilistic analysis allows for reliability-based design,where,for example,the plate thickness with 95% reliability(*** 1 in 20 shots will penetrate the wall) can be estimated knowing the probabilistic distribution of ***,it was found that the plate thickness to ensure a low 5% probability of perforation needs to be 11-15% thicker than required to have a 50/50 chance of perforation for mild steel *** would need to be 20-30% thicker if probability of perforation is reduced to zero.

关键词： Ballistics Probability Statistics Steel plates Armour steel Ammunition Experimental Perforation

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A framework for a microscale flood damage assessment and visualization for a building using BIM-GIS integration

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第4期9卷 363-386页

作者： Sam Amirebrahimi Abbas Rajabifard Priyan Mendis Tuan Ngo centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Infrastructure EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Department of infrastructure Engineering University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Flood damage assessment(FDA)is a key component of risk-based method for flood *** the current FDA approaches,generally the uniqueness of the building is disregarded in the ***,they are unfit for detailed applications in which case-by-case analysis of building damage is an essential *** limitation is compounded by the use of incomplete and often low-quality data inputs about the building and the assumptions and approximations made regarding the geometry and materials of its *** shortcomings may result in incomplete and uncertain *** the benefits and increasing use of three-dimensional(3D)urban modeling and Building Information Model in various urban management processes,in this paper,an integrated framework for utilization of detailed 3D building models for the assessment and 3D visualization of flood damage to building according to its distinct behavior against flood is presented.A proof-ofconcept demonstration of the framework in a case study underlined the feasibility of implementation of the framework,which can potentially benefit a variety of users and be used as a complementary approach to the current FDA methods for improving the resilience of the community toward floods and their adverse impacts.

关键词： flood damage assessment building BIM GIS CityGML framework

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Shrinkage behavior of self-compacting concrete

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 407-419页

作者： Farhad ASLANI Shami NEJADI centre for Built infrastructure Research School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia

In the structures where long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Shrinkage varies with the constituent and mixture proportions, and depends on the curing conditions and the work environment as well. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains combinations of various components, such as aggregate, cement, superplasticizer, water-reducing agent and other ingredients which affect the properties of the SCC including shrinkage. Hence, the realistic prediction shrinkage strains of SCC are an important requirement of the design process for this type of concrete structures. This study reviews the accuracy of the conventional concrete (CC) shrinkage prediction models proposed by the international codes of practice, including CEB-FIP (1990), ACI 209R (1997), Eurocode 2 (2001), JSCE (2002), AASHTO (2004; 2007) and AS 3600 (2009). Also, SCC shrinkage prediction models proposed by Poppe and De Schutter (2005), Larson (2007), Cordoba (2007) and Khayat and Long (2010) are reviewed. Further, a new shrinkage prediction model based on the comprehensive analysis on both of the available models, i.e., the CC and the SCC is proposed. The predicted shrinkage strains are compared with the actual measured shrinkage strains in 165 mixtures of SCC and 21 mixtures of CC.

关键词： Self-compacting concrete (SCC) Conventional concrete (CC) Shrinkage Long-term behavior Concrete structures

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Significance of using isolated footing technique for resi- dential construction on expansive soils

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 123-129页

作者： Harry FAR Deacon FLINT centre for Built infrastructure Research School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Australia

Expansive soils cause problems with the founding of lightly loaded structures in many parts of the world. Foundation design for expansive soils is one of the most discussed and problematic issues in Australia as expansive soils were responsible for billions of dollars＇ worth of damage to man-made structures such as buildings and roads. Several studies and reports indicate that one of the most common and least recognized problems causing severe structural damage to houses lies in expansive soils. In this study, a critical review has been carried out on the current Australian standards for building on expansive soils and they are compared with some techniques that are not included in the current Australian standards for residential slabs and footings. Based on the results of this review, the most effective and economical method has been proposed for construction of footings on all site classifications without restriction to 75mm of characteristic movement. In addition, it has become apparent that as design procedures for footings resting on sites with extreme characteristic movements are not included in the current Australian standards, there is a strong need for well-developed and simplified standard design procedures for characteristic soil movement of greater than 75mm to be included into the Australian Standards.

关键词： expansive soils residential slabs isolated footings Australian Standards

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“采用数据驱动方法对受内压作用的受腐蚀管线断裂强度预报研究”讨论（英文）

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2025年第01期 249-251页

作者： Mojtaba Mokhtari Robert E.Melchers centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems Department of Marine TechnologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU) centre for infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of Newcastle

The authors(Cai et al., 2022) claim that their proposed machine learning(ML) models, which are based on three typical ML algorithms and are trained to predict the burst capacity of pitting corroded pipelines, perform better than the existing semi-empirical formulas recommended by the international engineering code developers, DNV and ASME. The authors' assessments of the semi-empirical burst capacity formulas in Figure 10(a) and Table 8(Cai et al., 2022) incorrectly indicate that DNVGL-RPF101, ASME B31G, and modified ASME B31G are dangerously unsafe due to significantly overestimating burst pressures in several cases. In contrast to the results and conclusions in Cai et al.(2022), these semi-empirical formulas have been consistently found to be conservative(Benjamin et al., 2000; Benjamin et al., 2002; Chena et al., 2015; Cronin and Pick, 2000; Kiefner and Vieth, 1989;Mokhtari and Melchers, 2016; 2018; 2019; Netto et al., 2005; Teixeira et al., 2008; Yeom et al., 2015; Zhou and Huang, 2012), and have been safely implemented in the oil/gas industry for many years. The main cause of the contradiction between the authors' claims and well-established practical applications and results lies in the data upon which the study(Cai et al., 2022) is based, along with the authors' misinterpretation of the semi-empirical formulas. These points are elaborated below.

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