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Gyrokinetic simulations of the kinetic electron effects on the electrostatic instabilities on the ITER baseline scenario

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第9期26卷 109-124页

作者： Debing ZHANG Pengfei ZHAO Yingfeng XU Lei YE Xianmei ZHANG School of Physics East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Frontier Physics in Controlled Nuclear fusion and Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China College of Science Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China Member of Magnetic Confinement fusion Research centre Ministry of EducationShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China

The linear and nonlinear simulations are carried out using the gyrokinetic code NLT for the electrostatic instabilities in the core region of a deuterium plasma based on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)baseline *** kinetic electron effects on the linear frequency and nonlinear transport are studied by adopting the adiabatic electron model and the fully drift-kinetic electron model in the NLT code,*** linear simulations focus on the dependence of linear frequency on the plasma parameters,such as the ion and electron temperature gradientsκ_(Ti,e)≡R=L_(Ti,e),the density gradientκ_(n)≡R/L_(n)and the ion-electron temperature ratioτ=T_(e)=T_(i).Here,is the major radius,and T_(e)and T_(i)denote the electron and ion temperatures,respectively.L_(A)=-(δ_(r)lnA)^(-1)is the gradient scale length,with denoting the density,the ion and electron temperatures,*** the kinetic electron model,the ion temperature gradient(ITG)instability and the trapped electron mode(TEM)dominate in the small and large k_(θ)region,respectively,wherek_(θ)is the poloidal *** TEMdominant region becomes wider by increasing(decreasing)κ_(T_(e))(κ_(T_(i)))or by decreasingκ_(n).For the nominal parameters of the ITER baseline scenario,the maximum growth rate of dominant ITG instability in the kinetic electron model is about three times larger than that in the adiabatic electron *** normalized linear frequency depends on the value ofτ,rather than the value of T_(e)or T_(i),in both the adiabatic and kinetic electron *** nonlinear simulation results show that the ion heat diffusivity in the kinetic electron model is quite a lot larger than that in the adiabatic electron model,the radial structure is finer and the time oscillation is more *** addition,the magnitude of the fluctuated potential at the saturated stage peaks in the ITGdominated region,and contributions from the TEM(dominating in the higher k_(θ)region)to the nonlin

关键词： ITER baseline scenario gyrokinetic simulation kinetic electron effects electrostatic instability

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Equation of state for boron nitride along the principal Hugoniot to 16 Mbar

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 77-86页

作者： Huan Zhang Yutong Yang Weimin Yang Zanyang Guan Xiaoxi Duan Mengsheng Yang Yonggang Liu Jingxiang Shen Katarzyna Batani Diluka Singappuli Ke Lan Yongsheng Li Wenyi Huo Hao Liu Yulong Li Dong Yang Sanwei Li Zhebin Wang Jiamin Yang Zongqing Zhao Weiyan Zhang Liang Sun Wei Kang Dimitri Batani National Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics Laser Fusion Research CenterChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand College of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand School of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion Hery 2301-497 WarszawaPoland Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIA(Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications)UMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China

The thermodynamic properties of boron nitride under extreme pressures and temperatures are of great interest and importance for materials science and inertial confinement fusion physics,but they are poorly understood owing to the challenges of performing experiments and realizing ab initio ***,we report the first shock Hugoniot data on hexagonal boron nitride at pressures of 5–16 Mbar,using hohlraum-driven shock waves at the SGIII-p laser facility in *** density functional theory molecular dynamics calculations closely match experimental data,validating the equations of state for modeling the shock response of boron nitride and filling a crucial gap in the knowledge of boron nitride properties in the region of multi-Mbar pressures and eV *** results presented here provide fundamental insights into boron nitride under the extreme conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion,hydrogen–boron fusion,and high-energy-density physics.

关键词： boron Hugoniot extreme

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Tropical Cyclone Monitoring and Analysis Techniques: A Review

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 351-367页

作者： Chuanhai QIAN Ying LI Yinglong XU Xin WANG Zenghai ZHANG Gaozhen NIE Da LIU Shiwen ZHANG Institute for Development and Programme Design China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Meteorological centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Satellite Meteorological centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Tropical cyclones(TCs),including tropical depressions and different categories of typhoons,hurricanes,and cyclonic storms,mostly originate over the oceans in the absence of direct ***,detailed monitoring and analysis of TCs has always been an unsolved *** the recent 20 years,great changes have taken place in domestic and foreign TC monitoring techniques,imposing a significant impact on TC operations and *** new technologies and products gradually emerge to support operations,with improved monitoring *** this paper,the progress on TC monitoring and analysis via meteorological satellites,radars,and airplanes in China and the world is reviewed,compared,and summarized,with special focuses on multisatellite fusion observations,in situ aircraft measurements,and some unconventional observation equipment such as rockets,saildrones,and underwater *** this basis,the paper points out future directions for improving TC monitoring and analysis in aid of better TC forecast and early warning.

关键词： tropical cyclone(TC) monitoring and analysis meteorological satellite aircraft reconnaissance

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Laser-induced damage on large-aperture fused silica gratings

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第10期19卷 375-379页

作者：韩伟黄晚晴王芳李恪宇冯斌李富全景峰郑万国 Research centre of Laser fusion China Academy of Engineering Physics

Two sets of laser-damage experiments on large-aperture fused silica optics have been carried out in a high-power laser facility. Severe damage has been found on the grating which presented dense craters on the front surface. This phenomenon is quite different from other fused silica optics, which are damaged on the rear surface. The damage possibility due to the redeposition layer was ruled out by acid-etching the grating＇s front surface. The remarkable stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） effect was observed in grating and the reason for the front surface damage is thought to be the backward SBS.

关键词： laser-induced damage grating Beilby layer stimulated Brillouin scattering

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SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

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Numerical simulations for MHD coronal seismology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 805-830页

作者： David James Pascoe centre for fusion Space and AstrophysicsPhysics DepartmentUniversity of WarwickUK

Magnetohydrodynamic（MHD） processes are important for the transfer of energy over large scales in plasmas and so are essential to understanding most forms of dynamical activity in the solar atmosphere. The introduction of transverse structuring into models for the corona modifies the behavior of MHD waves through processes such as dispersion and mode coupling. Exploiting our understanding of MHD waves with the diagnostic tool of coronal seismology relies upon the development of sufficiently detailed models to account for all the features in observations. The development of realistic models appropriate for highly structured and dynamical plasmas is often beyond the domain of simple mathematical analysis and so numerical methods are employed. This paper reviews recent numerical results for seismology of the solar corona using MHD.

关键词： MHD -- methods: numerical -- Sun: corona -- Sun: magnetic fields --Sun: oscillations -- waves

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Microstructure and thermal properties of dissimilar M300–CuCr1Zr alloys by multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 118-128页

作者： Xiaoshuang Li Dmitry Sukhomlinov Zaiqing Que Aerosint SA B-4040 HerstalBelgium Aalto University Department of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringEspoo 02150Finland VTT Technical Research centre of Finland Espoo 02044Finland

Multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) allows manufacturing of parts with 3-dimensional gradient and additional functionality in a single step. This research focuses on the combination of thermally-conductive CuCr1Zr with hard M300 tool *** interface configurations of M300 on CuCr1Zr and CuCr1Zr on M300 were investigated. Ultra-fine grains form at the interface due to the low mutual solubility of Cu and steel. The material mixing zone size is dependent on the configurations and tunable in the range of0.1–0.3 mm by introducing a separate set of parameters for the interface layers. Microcracks and pores mainly occur in the transition *** of these defects, the thermal diffusivity of bimetallic parts with 50vol% of CuCr1Zr significantly increases by 70%–150%compared to pure M300. The thermal diffusivity of CuCr1Zr and the hardness of M300 steel can be enhanced simultaneously by applying the aging heat treatment.

关键词： multi-material additive manufacturing laser-based powder bed fusion thermal diffusivity dissimilar metals copper alloy

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Current efficiency in electro-winning of lanthanum and cerium metals from molten chloride electrolytes

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Rare Metals 2013年第3期32卷 305-311页

作者： Deepak Kumar Sahoo Harvinderpal Singh Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy Rare Earths Development Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre fusion Reactor Materials Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

The objective of this study is to prepare lan- thanum and cerium metals by fused salt electrolysis of their anhydrous chloride in molten media such as LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl and to characterize the metal deposit by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emis- sion spectroscopy. Deposit metal of purity more than 99 % was obtained in each of the experiments. The entire process starting from preparation of anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chloride to electrolysis yielding of metal deposits has been described. The effect of process parameters such as tem- perature, electrolyte composition, and current density on the current efficiency was studied. All these parameters were varied to get the highest current efficiency and metal yield. The major non-rare earth impurities with the deposit are found to be Fe, Cr, and Ni along with - 1× 10^-3 of total gaseous impurities.

关键词： Fused salt electrolysis Current density Current efficiency Rare earths

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Shock wave velocity measurement in the Al_2O_3 under ultrahigh pressure

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第6期20卷 307-312页

作者：王峰彭晓世刘慎业李永升蒋小华丁永坤 Research centre of Laser fusion Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics

in indirect-drive experiment, the blank effect caused by X-rays from Hohlraum will show the dark area in time scale of optical streak camera （OSC）. This blank effect, which was a serious problem in indirect-drive shock wave experiments, has been explained by the semiconductor model. The X-rays cause the band to band transition and the probe laser is absorbed by the intraband transition, which leads to a dark region in time scale of the OSC image. In the experiment, the reflectivity of shock wave front was measured to be about 50% at shock wave velocity 32 km/s and was compared to the theoretical calculations with the Drude free electron model. From the experimental data, it is found that the blank effect can be avoided at radiation temperature of 170 eV if the Al layer is thicker than 60μm.

关键词： shock wave optical diagnosis interfere meter semiconductor model

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Investigations of phase transition, elastic and thermodynamic properties of GaP by using the density functional theory

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第10期20卷 349-354页

作者：刘丽韦建军安辛友王雪敏刘会娜吴卫东 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Reseach centre of Laser fusion China Academy of Engineering Physics

The phase transition of gallium phosphide （GAP） from zinc-blende （ZB） to a rocksalt （RS） structure is investigated by the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory （DFT）. Lattice constant a0, elastic constants cij, bulk modulus B0 and the pressure derivative of bulk modulus B0 are calculated. The results are in good agreement with numerous experimental and theoretical data. From the usual condition of equal enthalpies, the phase transition from the ZB to the RS structure occurs at 21.9 GPa, which is close to the experimental value of 22.0 GPa. The elastic properties of GaP with the ZB structure in a pressure range from 0 GPa to 21.9 GPa and those of the RS structure in a pressure range of pressures from 21.9 GPa to 40 GPa are obtained. According to the quasi-harmonic Debye model, in which the phononic effects are considered, the normalized volume V/Vo, the Debye temperature 8, the heat capacity Cv and the thermal expansion coefficient a are also discussed in a pressure range from 0 CPa to 40 GPa and a temperature range from 0 K to 1500 K.

关键词： GaP phase transition density functional theory thermodynamic properties

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