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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

Snow and regolith albedo variations using CRISM data at McMurdo crater,Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 338-355页

作者： Sehajpal Singh Deepak Singh centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia

The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate *** data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian *** study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer *** compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)*** the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY *** interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same ***,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the *** only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s *** in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/*** maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that *** average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY *** trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).

关键词： Mars Martian ice albedo dust storm Mars surface Martian climate

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Triphenylphosphine-Assisted Exsolution Engineering on Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites for Promoting Oxygen Evolution

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 433-441页

作者： Juan Bai Jing Shang Jun Mei Dongchen Qi Ting Liao Ziqi Sun School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology

Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution *** metal exsolution processes on perovskites are often achieved by using the reducing hydrogen gas; however,this is not effective for the relatively stable phase,such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides.

关键词： exsolution oxygen evolution perovskite reconstruction Ruddlesden–Popper

Background removal from global auroral images:Data-driven dayglow modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 247-257页

作者： A.Ohma M.Madelaire K.M.Laundal J.P.Reistad S.M.Hatch S.Gasparini S.J.Walker Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway

Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth ***,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by *** emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background *** fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral *** we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical *** approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral *** final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the *** demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(IMAGE)*** method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission.

关键词： aurora dayglow modeling global auroral images far ultraviolet images dayglow removal

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： Amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik Amit Biswas centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering *** present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue *** experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and *** resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)*** studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural *** scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue *** tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of *** enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue *** vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold *** addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its pote

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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Separation density prediction of geldart A^(-)dense medium in gas-solid fluidized bed coal beneficiators

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 251-262页

作者： Chenyang Zhou Chengguo Liu Yue Yuan Zhijie Fu Jesse Zhu Chenlong Duan School of Chemical Engineering and technology China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China Particle technology Research centre Western UniversityLondonOntarioN6A 5B9Canada

Gas-solid Fluidized Bed Coal Beneficiator(GFBCB)process is a crucial dry coal beneficiation fluidization *** work employs the GFBCB process alongside a novel Geldart A^(-)dense medium,consisting of Geldart A magnetite particles and Geldart C ultrafine coal,to separate small-size separated objects in the *** effects of various operational conditions,including the volume fraction of ultrafine coal,the gas velocity,the separated objects size,and the separation time,were investigated on the GFBCB's separation *** results indicated that the probable error for 6∼3 mm separated objects could be controlled within 0.10 g/cm^(3).Compared to the traditional Geldart B/D dense medium,the Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium exhibited better size-dependent separation performance with an overall probable error 0.04∼0.12 g/cm^(3).Moreover,it achieved a similar separation accuracy to the Geldart B/D dense medium fluidized bed with different external energy for the small-size object *** work furthermore validated a separation density prediction model based on theoretical derivation,available for both Geldart B/D dense medium and Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium at different operational conditions.

关键词： GFBCB Geldart A^(-)dense medium Separation density Separated objects size Prediction model

Theoretical Analysis of the Buckling Behaviors of Inhomogeneous Shape Memory Polymer Composite Laminates Considering Prestrains

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 271-284页

作者： Hanxing Zhao Pengyu Cao Fengfeng Li Xin Lan Liwu Liu Yanju Liu Jinsong Leng centre of Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)Harbin150080China Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)Harbin150001China

The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the fiber-rich and resin-rich regions of a shape memory polymer composite(SMPC)laminate,along with the residual strain during SMPC fabrication,results in buckling deformation of the inhomogeneous *** paper presents a macroscopic model for buckling of an inhomogeneous SMPC laminate under initial biaxial *** linear and nonlinear buckling analyses are carried out using the energy *** influences of prestrain biaxiality,temperature,and ply angle on the buckling wavelength,critical buckling prestrain,and buckling amplitude are *** results demonstrate that the critical buckling wavelength of the SMPC laminate is independent of the prestrain,while the amplitude is almost independent of *** addition,the optimal fiber stacking configuration with the maximum critical buckling prestrains of inhomogeneous SMPC laminates is determined by a genetic algorithm.

关键词： Shape memory polymer composite Buckling behavior Inhomogeneous laminate Biaxial prestrains

How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

3D Foam-Based MXene Architectures:Structural and Electrolytic Engineering for Advanced Potassium-Ion Storage

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 64-73页

作者： Peng Zhang Yanmeng Peng Qizhen Zhu Razium Ali Soomro Ning Sun Bin Xu State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology

MXenes are emerging rapidly as promising electrode materials for energy storage due to their high electronic conductivity and rich surface chemistry,but their potassium storage performance is unsatisfactory because of... 详细信息

关键词： 3D foam-like scaffold electrolyte chemistry electrostatic neutralization MXene potassium-ion batteries