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Hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural networks

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第9期64卷 1-8页

作者： Junhua Liu Kwan Hui Lim Kristin LWood Wei Huang Chu Guo He-Liang Huang Information systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Forth AI Singapore 487372Singapore College of Engineering Design and ComputingUniversity of Colorado DenverColorado 80208USA Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional quantum Structures and quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Branch CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 201315China Henan Key Laboratory of quantum Information and Cryptography Zhengzhou 450000China

Deep learning has been shown to be able to recognize data patterns better than humans in specific circumstances or *** parallel,quantum computing has demonstrated to be able to output complex wave functions with a few number of gate operations,which could generate distributions that are hard for a classical computer to *** we propose a hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural network(QCCNN),inspired by convolutional neural networks(CNNs)but adapted to quantum computing to enhance the feature mapping *** is friendly to currently noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers,in terms of both number of qubits as well as circuit’s depths,while retaining important features of classical CNN,such as nonlinearity and *** also present a framework to automatically compute the gradients of hybrid quantum-classical loss functions which could be directly applied to other hybrid quantum-classical *** demonstrate the potential of this architecture by applying it to a Tetris dataset,and show that QCCNN can accomplish classification tasks with learning accuracy surpassing that of classical CNN with the same structure.

关键词： quantum computing quantum machine learning hybrid quantum-classical algorithm convolutional neural network

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Three-dimensional magnetization reconstruction from electron optical phase images with physical constraints

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 122-132页

作者： Boyao Lyu Shihua Zhao Yibo Zhang Weiwei Wang Fengshan Zheng Rafal E.Dunin-Borkowski Jiadong Zang Haifeng Du Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy quantum Materials and Devices High Magnetic Field LaboratoryHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Science Island Branch Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New HampshireDurham 03824USA Department of Physics The City College of New YorkNew York 10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew York 10016USA Department of Chemistry University of New HampshireDurham 03824USA Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Spin-X Institute Center for Electron MicroscopySchool of Physics and OptoelectronicsState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 511442China Ernst Ruska-centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52425Germany

The ability to characterize three-dimensional(3D)magnetization distributions in nanoscale magnetic materials and devices is essential to fully understand their static and dynamic magnetic *** contrast techniques in the transmission electron microscope(TEM),such as electron holography and electron ptychography,can be used to record two-dimensional(2D)projections of the in-plane magnetic induction of 3D nanoscale *** the 3D magnetic induction can in principle be reconstructed from one or more tilt series of such 2D projections,conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms do not recover the 3D magnetization within a sample ***,we use simulations to describe the basis of an improved model-based algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of a 3D magnetization distribution from one or more tilt series of electron optical phase images recorded in the *** algorithm allows a wide range of physical constraints,including a priori information about the sample geometry and magnetic parameters,to be *** also makes use of minimization of the micromagnetic energy in the loss *** demonstrate the reconstruction of the 3D magnetization of a localized magnetic soliton—a hopfion ring—and discuss the influence of noise,choice of magnetic constants,maximum tilt angle and number of tilt axes on the *** algorithm can in principle be adapted for other magnetic contrast imaging techniques in the TEM,as well as for other magnetic characterization techniques,such as those based on X-rays or neutrons.

关键词： three-dimensional magnetization vector field tomography differentiable programming electron holography micromagnetism

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Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1808-1840页

作者： Jiang-Hui Wang Dominic J.Gessler Wei Zhan Thomas L.Gallagher Guangping Gao Horae Gene Therapy Center University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Microbiology and Physiological systems University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Department of Neurological Surgery University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Neurosurgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different *** AAV(rAAV)has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various ***,as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy,the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing *** rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval,but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans,including immune responses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and *** this review,we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing *** discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular,neurological,metabolic,hematological,neuromuscular,and cardiovascular diseases as well as *** outline immune responses triggered by rAAV,address associated side effects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these *** hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.

关键词： diseases specificity approval

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Subwavelength thick ultrahigh-Q terahertz disc microresonators

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Photonics Research 2020年第7期8卷 1183-1188页

作者： Dominik Walter Vogt Angus Harvey Jones Thomas Alan Haase Rainer Leonhardt Department of Physics The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand The Dodd-Walls centre for Photonic and quantum Technologies Dunedin 9016New Zealand

Artificial structures that exhibit narrow resonance features are key to a myriad of scientific advances and *** particular,exploration of the terahertz(THz)spectrum—the final frontier of the electromagnetic spectrum—would greatly benefit from high-quality resonant *** we present a new paradigm of terahertz silicon disc microresonators with subwavelength *** results utilizing continuouswave THz spectroscopy establish quality factors in excess of 120,000 at 0.6 *** of the disc thickness to a fraction of the wavelength reduces the losses from the silicon substrate and paves the way to unparalleled possibilities for light–matter interaction in the THz frequency range.

关键词： spectrum utilizing frontier

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A multi-band atomic candle with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第1期18卷 201-207页

作者： Yafen Cai Shuai Shi Yijia Zhou Jianhao Yu Yali Tian Yitong Li Kuan Zhang Chenhao Du Weibin Li Lin Li MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum PhysicsPGMFInstitute for Quantum Science and EngineeringSchool of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing 100193China School of Physics and Astronomy and centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of quantum Non-equilibrium systems University of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK

Stabilizing important physical quantities to atom-based standards lies at the heart of modern atomic,molecular and optical physics,and is widely applied to the field of precision *** particular importance is the atom-based microwave field amplitude stabilizer,the so-called atomic *** atomic candles are realized with atoms in their ground state,and hence suffer from the lack of frequency band tunability and small stabilization bandwidth,severely limiting their development and potential *** tackle these limitations,we employ microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms to realize a novel atomic candle that features multi-band frequency tunability and large stabilization *** demonstrate amplitude stabilization of microwave field from C-band to Ka-band,which could be extended to quasi-DC and terahertz fields by exploring abundant Rydberg *** atomic candle achieves stabilization bandwidth of 100 Hz,outperforming previous ones by more than two orders of *** simulation indicates the stabilization bandwidth can be further increased up to 100 *** work paves a route to develop novel electric field control and applications with a noise-resilient,miniaturized,sensitive and broadband atomic candle.

关键词： Rydberg atoms microwave atomic spectroscopy

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Unraveling the efficiency losses and improving methods in quantum dot-based infrared up-conversion photodetectors

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Opto-Electronic Science 2024年第4期3卷 1-11页

作者： Jiao Jiao Liu Xinxin Yang Qiulei Xu Ruiguang Chang Zhenghui Wu Huaibin Shen Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education National&Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of MaterialsHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

quantum dot-based up-conversion photodetector,in which an infrared photodiode(PD)and a quantum dot light-emitting diode(QLED)are back-to-back connected,is a promising candidate for low-cost infrared ***,the huge efficiency losses caused by integrating the PD and QLED together hasn’t been studied *** work revealed at least three origins for the efficiency ***,the PD unit and QLED unit usually didn’t work under optimal conditions at the same ***,the potential barriers and traps at the interconnection between PD and QLED units induced unfavorable carrier ***,much emitted visible light was lost due to the strong visible absorption in the PD *** on the understandings on the loss mechanisms,the infrared up-conversion photodetectors were optimized and achieved a breakthrough photon-to-photon conversion efficiency of 6.9%.This study provided valuable guidance on how to optimize the way of integration for up-conversion photodetectors.

关键词： infrared colloidal quantum dots up-conversion photodetector integration loss interconnection voltage allocation

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Temperature Dependent In-Plane Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in HfTe_(5) Thin Layers

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第1期38卷 86-91页

作者： Peng Wang Tao Hou Fangdong Tang Peipei Wang Yulei Han Yafei Ren Hualing Zeng Liyuan Zhang Zhenhua Qiao International Center for quantum Design of Functional Materials Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleSynergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsCAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physicsand Department of PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technologyand Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and EngineeringShenzhen 518055China Solid State Nanophysics Max Plank Institute for Solid State ResearchStuttgartGermany

We report the observation of in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect in non-magnetic HfTe_(5) thin *** observed anisotropic magnetoresistance as well as its sign is strongly dependent on the critical resistivity anomaly temperature T_(p).Below T_(p),the anisotropic magnetoresistance is negative with large negative *** the in-plane magnetic field is perpendicular to the current,the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance reaches its *** negative longitudinal magnetoresistance effect in HfTe_(5) thin layers is dramatically different from that induced by the chiral anomaly as observed in Weyl and Dirac *** potential underlying origin may be attributed to the reduced spin scattering,which arises from the in-plane magnetic field driven coupling between the top and bottom surface *** findings provide valuable insights for the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in topological electronic systems and the device potential of HfTe5 in spintronics and quantum sensing.

关键词： magnetoresistance anisotropic attributed

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Variational theory for the ground state and collective excitations of an elongated dipolar condensate

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第8期72卷 126-133页

作者： P Blair Blakie D Baillie Sukla Pal Dodd-Walls centre for Photonic and quantum Technologies New Zealand and Department of PhysicsUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand

We develop a variational theory for a dipolar condensate in an elongated(cigar shaped)confinement potential. Our formulation provides an effective one-dimensional extended meanfield theory for the ground state and its collective excitations. We apply our theory to investigate the properties of rotons in the system comparing the variational treatment to a full numerical solution. We consider the effect of quantum fluctuations on the scattering length at which the roton excitation softens to zero energy.

关键词： dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate ground states collective excitations

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Practical pulse engineering： Gradient ascent without matrix exponentiation

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第3期13卷 3-8页

作者： Gaurav Bhole Jonathan A. Jones centre for quantum Computation Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford Parks Road OX1 3PU UK

Since 2005, there has been a huge growth in the use of engineered control pulses to perform desired quantum operations in systems such as nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors. These approaches, which build on the original gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm, remain computationally intensive because of the need to calculate matrix exponentials for each time step in the control pulse. In this study, we discuss how the propagators for each time step can be approximated using the Trotter-Suzuki formula, and a further speedup achieved by avoiding unnecessary operations. The resulting procedure can provide substantial speed gain with negligible costs in the propagator error, providing a more practical approach to pulse en-ineerinK.

关键词： quantum information coherent control pulse sequences in nuclear magnetic resonance

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Strongly nonlinear topological phases of cascaded topoelectrical circuits

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第3期18卷 51-58页

作者： Jijie Tang Fangyuan Ma Feng Li Honglian Guo Di Zhou College of Science Minzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China centre for quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement(MOE)School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Circuits provide ideal platforms of topological phases and matter,yet the study of topological circuits in the strongly nonlinear regime,has been *** propose and experimentally demonstrate strongly nonlinear topological phases and transitions in one-dimensional electrical circuits composed of nonlinear *** topological interface modes arise on domain walls of the circuit lattices,whose topological phases are controlled by the amplitudes of nonlinear voltage *** measured topological transition amplitudes are in good agreement with those derived from nonlinear topological band *** prototype paves the way towards flexible metamaterials with amplitude-controlled rich topological phases and is readily extendable to two and three-dimensional systems that allow novel applications.

关键词： strongly nonlinear Berry phase topological electrical

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