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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Spatiotemporal variation in forest fire danger from 1996 to 2010 in Jilin Province,China

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Journal of forestry research 2017年第5期28卷 983-996页

作者： Yanlong Shan Yonghe Wang Mike Flannigan Shuyuan Tang Pingyan Sun Fengguo Du Provincial Key Laboratory of forestry and ecological Environment Forestry CollegeBeihua University Northern forestry centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources Canada The Department of Renewable Resources The University of Alberta forestry College Beihua University forestry Department of Jilin Province

We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires in two fire seasons (March to June and September to November) from 1996 to 2010 in Jilin Province, China, using the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Fire data were obtained from the Provincial Fire Agency, and historical climate records of daily weather observations were collected from 36 weather stations in Jilin and its neighboring provinces. A linear regression model was used to analyze linear trends between climate and fire weather indices with time treated as an independent variable. Correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between fire frequency, areas burned, and fire weather indices. A thin-plate smooth spline model was used to interpolate the point data of 36 weather stations to generate a surface covering the whole province. Our analyses indicated fire frequency and areas burned were significantly correlated with fire weather indices. Overall, the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System appeared to be work well for determining the fire danger rating in Jilin Province. Also, our analyses indicated that in the forthcoming decades, the overall fire danger in March and April should decrease across the province, but the chance of a large fire in these months would increase. The fire danger in the fall fire season would increase in the future, and the chance of large fire would also increase. Historically, because most fires have occurred in the spring in Jilin Province, such a shift in the future fire danger between the two fire seasons would be beneficial for the province's fire management.

关键词： Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System Correlation analysis Human-caused fires Linear regression Thin-plate smooth spline model

The challenges of sequestering terrestrial carbon

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National Science Review 2022年第8期 9-10页

作者： Josep Pe?uelas Center for ecological research and forestry applications(CREAF) Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)

Nature may become a powerful ally in tackling climate *** is growing that ‘nature-based climatic solutions’(Nb CS) can help us to transition toward a society with zero net emissions and thus protect us from climate change and its consequent impacts while supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. The actual potential of Nb CS to provide the intended benefits, however, has not been rigorously assessed.

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Climatic and fire determinants of early life-history stages in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 3-11页

作者： Sandra Saura-Mas Anna Saperas Franciso Lloret Center for ecological research and forestry applications(CREAF) E 08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Unit of Ecology Department of Animal and Plant Biology and EcologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaE-08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Aims Cistus albidus reproductive traits have been studied on typical Mediterranean shrublands along a water availability gradient in Northeastern Iberian *** of this species is known to be highly favoured by ***,Mediterranean species are particularly dependent on water ***,we establish the hypothesis that in addition to fire disturbance,seedling recruitment in this Mediterranean seeder will be improved in drought-induced episodes resulting in generalized canopy *** Individuals of several populations of *** were collected and the size,weight and number of fruits and seeds were *** tests were also carried out on five pre-germination treatments:seeds’exposure to heat shock,imbibition,two cycles of imbibition/desiccation and the combination of heat shock and imbibition and imbibition/desiccation ***,the number of seedlings after a drought event was surveyed in the field and correlated with canopy *** findings Our study shows the variability of the *** reproductive traits,such as germination rate or fruit production,along the water availability *** variability resulted in a decrease in fruit production but an increase in successful germination under drier *** albidus seeds increased germination with heat,demonstrating their ability to successfully establish after ***,recruitment was not exclusively fire dependent since seedling establishment was higher under *** canopies that had collapsed after the extreme ***,adult density increased *** die-off and mortality,as well as seedling *** results suggest that this species exhibits a trade-off between different reproductive outcomes(*** production ***),which in turn is determined by *** study also provides evidence of how intra-specific competition,climate,particularly drought events and fire disturbance,can determine th

关键词： seeder germination Cistus albidus life history Mediterranean fire drought resilience

Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 178-185页

作者： Xinglei Cui Adrian M.Paterson George LW.Perry Sarah V.Wyse Md Azharul Alam Congde Huang Shixing Zhou Lin Xiao Changhong Lai Fang He Dongyu Cao Kate Marshall Timothy J.Curran Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand National forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering research centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire ecological Prevention College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China School of Environment University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand Bio-Protection research centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand Sichuan Province forestry and Grassland Environmental Monitoring centre Chengdu610036China

Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within *** intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different ***:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(***.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New *** examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight *** time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability *** flammability components varied significantly across the eight *** habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of ***:Intraspecific variation in flammability in *** may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.

关键词： Dracophyllum Fire Flammability Habitat

Pilot study on the effects of elevated air temperature and CO2 on artificially defoliated silver birch saplings

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Journal of forestry research 2018年第6期29卷 1507-1518页

作者： Valda Araminiene Iveta Varnagiryte-Kabasinskiene Vidas Stakenas Institute of forestry Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryLiepu str.1Girionys53101 Kaunas DistrictLithuania

The impacts of elevated temperature and COon young silver birch(Betula pendula Roth) saplings after 0,25, 50 or 75% artificial defoliation were assessed by measuring plant height and dry mass of aboveground compartments and roots and various morphological and physiological variables. Defoliation either increased or decreased plant growth depending on the severity of damage and the climatic treatment. At 21 °C and400 mg LCO, defoliated plants were not able to compensate for the lost foliage, but growth compensation and adaptation to the changed conditions were greater; growth of young defoliated silver birch saplings increased, which led to increased height and a tendency to enhance final aboveground and root biomass and leaf nitrogen and carbon content compared to the nondefoliated controls. Nevertheless, the short-term effect of the different climatic conditions did not result in a significant overgrowth of defoliated plants. A slight increase in temperature and COwere the most acceptable conditions for defoliated plants;however, a 4 °C increase with correspondingly higher COwas more stressful as shown by less growth in height and biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots. The findings from the pilot experiment are more applicable to young birch trees, but stress on young trees may be reflected in future tree growth.

关键词： Biomass Betula pendula CO_2 concentration Elevated temperature Photosynthesis

Accumulation of heavy metals in stemwood of forest tree plantations fertilized with different sewage sludge doses

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Journal of forestry research 2018年第2期29卷 345-359页

作者： Marius Praspaliauskas Nerijus Pedisius Audrius Gradeckas Laboratory of Heat-Equipment research and Testing Lithuanian Energy Institute Laboratory of Forest Plant and Biotechnology Institute of Forestry Branch of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry

The levels of heavy metals that accumulated in stemwood of mature trees grown for 20 years in a plantation in an abandoned peat quarry in areas that were fertilized with different amounts of domestic sewage sludge(180,360,and720 Mg ha-1on a dry basis) were compared with trees grown in a reference nonfertilized *** in the study was a hybrid poplar(Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) developed for use as an energy crop,three local tree species and one introduced tree *** concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in the stemwood of the trees grown in the fertilized and nonfertilized fields were determined,and found to be significantly lower than their respective concentrations in the *** and Cr were found only in several wood samples at concentrations close to the limits of detection or qualification; therefore,they were not analyzed further.A correlation analysis suggested that 75%of the correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals in the stemwood and the concentrations in the soil were *** ability of trees to accumulate the metals from soil in most cases decreased for Cu and Ni; however,the correlations were not as clear for Pb and *** followingsequence for the levels of heavy metals found in the stemwood of the analysed trees was Zn [ Pb [ Ni [ Cu [(Cr,Cd).The results of this study showed that the levels of heavy metals in the studied wood would not exceed the permitted limits of heavy metal pollution in the air and ash when used for energy production.

关键词： Forest tree plantation Accumulation factor Saturation limit Biosolids Heavy metals Long-term field experiments Biofuels

Comparative growth, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate of seven species of Eucalypt in response to phosphorus supply

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Journal of forestry research 2014年第2期25卷 377-383页

作者： Peng-fei Wu Xiang-qing Ma Mulualem Tigabu Yong Huang Li-li Zhou Liping Cai Xiao-long Hou Per Christer Oden forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest ScienceSouthern Swedish forest Research Centre Ningde forestry Bureau

Plantations of eucalypts as short-rotation tree crops are rapidly expanding in tropical and sub-tropical regions, including southern China, where the soils are acidic and available phosphorus （P） is limited. We investigated seedling growth, dry matter accumulation, and the dynamics of photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of seven Eucalyptus spe- cies/hybrids （E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. grandis x E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla x E. tereticornis, E. grandis x E. tereticornis, E. urophylla x E. grandis） in response to different levels of P supply （0, 6, 12 and 18 mg-kg-l KH2PO4）. The photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content significantly declined as the P supply declined in almost a linear fashion for all species as the P stress period extended. In the absence of P supply, height growth of seedlings of all species was significantly impaired, while root collar diameter growth and whole plant dry matter accumulation was not affected by the level of P supply in most of the species. Significant inter-species variations in growth, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate in response to P supply were detected. Eucalyptus dunnii had the lowest growth perform- ance across all levels of P supply while E. urophylla x E. tereticornis showed superior growth performance. From a practical point of view, E. urophylla x E. tereticornis is suggested as a candidate hybrid for planting on slightly P-deficient sites in southern China while E. dunnii, being a slow-growing species, is not suitable for short-rotation plantation. On plantation sites where severe P deficiency exists, P fertilization needs to be considered to boost rapid growth of seedlings so as to meet the man- agement objectives of short-rotation plantation.

关键词： biomass Eucalyptus phosphorus stress pulp short-rotation forestry

Physiological responses of needles of Pinus massoniana elite families to phosphorus stress in acid soil

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Journal of forestry research 2013年第2期24卷 325-332页

作者： HE You-lan LIU Ai-qin Mulualem Tigabu WU Pengfei MA Xiang-qing WANG Chen Per Christer Oden forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Science Southern Swedish forest Research Centre

Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a major timber species widely planted in the South China, where the soil is acidic and deficient in phosphorus （P） due to fixation by aluminum and iron. Understanding the physiological responses to rhizospheric insoluble P is essential for enhancing plantation productivity. Thus, a sand culture experiment was conducted with four levels of P treatment （0, 5, 20 g insoluble P and 10 g soluble P）, and 11 P. massoniana elite families. Physiological responses were measured after two months of stress. Compared to the normal soluble P treatment, the insoluble P treatment significantly reduced the proline content and the APase activity in the needles, while it significantly increased the catalase activity by 1.3-fold and malondialdehyde content by 1.2-fold. Soluble protein content was unaffected by the treatments, but chlorophyll content was significantly lower in P-deprived treatment compared with soluble and insoluble P treatments. These physiological responses also exhibited highly significant variation among families （p 〈 0.01）. The findings suggest that increased catalase activities in the presence of insoluble P might be involved in the activation of an anti-oxidation defense mechanism that scavenges the reactive oxygen species elicited by the stress. And this response has a strong genetic control that can be exploited to identify desirable genotypes.

关键词： Masson pine phosphorus stress anti-oxidative system lipid peroxidation