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Bimetallic Single‑Atom Catalysts for Water Splitting

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 1-45页

作者： Megha A.Deshmukh Aristides Bakandritsos Radek Zbořil Nanotechnology centre Centre for Energy and Environmental TechnologiesVŠB–Technical University of Ostrava17.listopadu 2172/1570800 Ostrava‑PorubaCzech Republic Regional centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute(CATRIN)Palacky University OlomoucŠlechtitelů241/2778371 Olomouc–HoliceCzech Republic

Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent *** field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their ***,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed *** offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation *** review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water *** subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination ***,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.

关键词： Single-atom catalysts Single-atom dimers Hydrogen evolution Oxygen evolution Water splitting

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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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Hierarchical hollow microspheres assembled from carbon nanosheets integrated with molybdenum carbide nanoparticles for boosting microwave absorption properties

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 10-20页

作者： Zongsheng Chen Yahui Wang Yi Liu Zhigang Li Xiangyin Lv Liping Liu Yajing Chang Jiaming Shi Xiao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology School of Electronic EngineeringNational University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037China Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology School of Electronic EngineeringNational University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037China centre for environmental and Energy Nanomaterials Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Centre for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China

Hierarchical hollow structure has demonstrated potential for enhancing electromagnetic(EM)attenuation and improving impedance matching,garnering significant attention for ***,we have successfully implemented compositional and structural engineering to fabricate hollow Mo2C/C microspheres with controllable composition by coupling interaction between dopamine hydrochloride and ammonium *** the synergistic effect of composition and hollow structure,the strongest reflection loss intensity and broadest effective absorption of the optimized sample reach-70.2 dB and 6.2 GHz,*** formation of hollow heterogeneous structures not only favors impedance matching feature,but also generates considerable contribution to EM attenuation ***,radar cross-section simulation data indicate that hollow Mo2C/C microspheres with compositional optimization and heterogeneous structures have broad prospects for practical applications.

关键词： electromagnetic absorption Mo2C/C microwave absorption hollow structure

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Toxicity of Lanthanum to Pathogenic Fungi and Its Morphological Characteristics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第5期24卷 607-612页

作者：慕康国赵秀琴胡林张福锁张文吉崔建宇 College of Resourse and environmental science China Agricultural University Institute of crop science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science College of science China Agricultural University

The inhibitory effects of La on the mycelial growth of several soil-borne pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani , Pythium sp., Fusarium solani , Selerotinia sclerotiorum , and Fusarium oxyspoxum were studied in vitro. The results show that the mycelial growth was inhibited strongly by the La, with EC50 of 130 - 320 mg·L^-1 and EC95 of about 550- 40007 mg·L^-1 respectively. In addition, the morphological toxicity of La was studied by using the scanning electronic microscope. Treated by La, the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi was significantly restrained, and the morphological characteristics were found to be abnormal, such as increased ramification, malformation, partial swelling and shrinking, and irregularly entangled mycelial block or rhizomorph.

关键词： pathogenic fungi inhibition lanthanum toxicity scanning electronic microscope morphological toxicity rare earths

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Response of Tomato Plants to a New Application Method of Polyolefin-Coated Fertilizer

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Pedosphere 2005年第4期15卷 491-498页

作者： TIAN Xiao-Hong M. SAIGUSA Laboratory of environmental crop science Field Science Centre Tohoku University Kawatabi Naruko Miyagi Prefecture 989-6711 （Japan）. College of Natural Resources and environmental sciences Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling Shaanxi 712100 （China）

The response of tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） plants basically fertilized with 0.3 g N per plant of compound fertilizer with a N：P2O5：K2O ratio of 20：10：20 to sticks of polyolefin-coated fertilizer （POCF）（LongT0 with a N：P2Os：K2O ratio of 14：12：14） applied 23 d after transplanting was investigated using rooting boxes in the greenhouse. The results at 26 and 40 d after stick fertilizer treatment showed that the use of the stick fertilizer greatly increased the production of many new fine roots from the tomato plants. Compared to the unfertilized control, root length and root length density in the stick fertilizer treatment increased by 3.6-6.7 fold. In the soil zones near the stick fertilizer, root weight and root mass density were also significantly higher for the stick fertilizer treatment. Additionally, the use of the stick fertilizer increased the N, P and K concentrations in the leaves and stems of the tomato plants. The new fine roots growing near the stick fertilizer not only absorbed more nutrients and translocated them to the shoots, but also contained more nutrients within themselves. The soil ammonium and nitrate N data showed that N released from the stick fertilizer played a major role in inducing the production of new fine roots. These results indicated that stick fertilizer could be used as an alternative to the co-situs application technique to change and control the root distribution of crops as well as to increase the potential capacity of roots for water and nutrient absorption.

关键词： application method controlled release fertilizer tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

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Relationship between heavy metals and dissolved organic matter released from sediment by bioturbation/bioirrigation

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第1期31卷 216-223页

作者： Yi He Bin Men Xiaofang Yang Yaxuan Li Hui Xu Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Organic matter(OM) is an important component of sediment. Bioturbation/bioirrigation can remobilize OM and heavy metals that were previously buried in the sediment. The remobilization of buried organic matter, thallium(Tl), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) from sediment was studied in a laboratory experiment with three organisms: tubificid,chironomid larvae and loach. Results showed that bioturbation/bioirrigation promoted the release of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and dissolved Tl, Cd, Cu and Zn, but only dissolved Zn concentrations decreased with exposure time in overlying water. The presence of organisms altered the compositions of DOM released from sediment,considerably increasing the percentage of fulvic acid-like materials(FA) and humic acidlike materials(HA). In addition, bioturbation/bioirrigation accelerated the growth and reproduction of bacteria to enhance the proportion of soluble microbial byproduct-like materials(SMP). The DOM was divided into five regions in the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3 D-EEM), and each part had different correlation with the dissolved heavy metal concentrations. Dissolved Cu had the best correlation with each of the DOM compositions, indicating that Cu in the sediment was in the organic-bound ***, the organism type and heavy metal characteristics both played a role in influencing the remobilization of heavy metal.

关键词： Bioturb ation/bioirrigation Heavy metal Sediment DOM

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Lake microbiome composition determines community adaptability to warming perturbations

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 177-191页

作者： Xiaotong Wu Qixing Zhou Hui Zeng Xiangang Hu Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education) Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University

Background Microbial communities are crucial for ecosystems. A central goal of microbial ecological research is to simplify the biodiversity in natural environments and quantify the functional roles to explore how the ecosystems respond under different environmental conditions. However, the research on the stability and dynamics of lake microbes in response to repeated warming stress is *** To exclude confounding environmental factors, we conducted a 20-day repeated warming simulation experiment to examine the composition and function dynamics of lake microbial *** Experimental warming significantly altered the community structure of bacteria instead of fungi. Microbial community structure, together with microbial biomass, jointly regulated the function of microbial communities. The plummeting of aerobic denitrifiers Pseudomonadaceae decreased by 99%(P < 0.001) after high temperature, leading to reduced microbial nitrogen metabolism on nitrogen respiration and nitrate respiration. Under warming conditions, the microbial community with higher adaptability showed more positive correlations and less competitive relationships in co-occurrence networks to acclimate to *** Microbiome composition controlled carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thus determining lake microbial communities' adaptability to heat stress. This study extended our insights on the lake microbial community response and adaptability under warming drivers.

关键词： Temperature environmental stress Bacteria Fungi Freshwater ecosystem

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Determination of sulfite in water samples by flow injection analysis with fluorescence detection

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第12期21卷 1457-1461页

作者： Li Qian Yin Dong Xing Yuan Min Zhang State Key Laboratory of Marine environmental science Environmental Science Research Centre Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

A fast,sensitive,and reliable method for the determination of sulfite（SO3^2-） in fresh water and seawater samples was *** proposed method was based on the reaction of o-phthalaldehyde（OPA）-sulfite-NH_3 in alkaline solution,with flow injection analysis and fluorescence *** experimental parameters were investigated in pure water and seawater matrixes. The detection limits（S/N = 3） were 0.006μmol/L in pure water and 0.018μmol/L in seawater for SO3^2-.The method was successfully applied to analyze SO3^2- iin the samples of rain water and flue gas desulfurization seawater.

关键词： Sulfite Fluorophotometry FIA Flue gas desulfurization seawater Rainwater

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Contamination by Organochlorine Pesticides in the Estuaries of Southeast China

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2002年第2期18卷 153-160页

作者： Z.L.Zhang H.S.Hong J.L.Zhou M.H.Dai K.Maskaouib W.Q.Chen Department of environmental science and Engineering Tsinghua POPs Research CentreTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Marine environmental science of Ministry of Education Environmental Science Research CentreXiamen Universi-tyXiamen 361005China School of Chemistry Physics and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SussexFalmerBrighton BN19QJUK

Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides are of global concern due to their widespread occurrence and persistence. This paper reports recent research studying the distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticides in the Jiulong River, the Minjiang River and the Pearl River estuaries in Southeast China. Eighteen organochlorine pesticides were extracted from water, pore water and sediment samples, followed by analysis by GC ECD. The results showed that the contamination levels were similar in these three estuaries. The levels of the total organochlorine pesticides in porewater were significantly higher than those in surface water, due to the high affinity of these hydrophobic compounds for sediment phase. Among the hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) compounds, β HCH was found to be the most important isomer. The analysis of 1,1,1 trichloro 2,2 bis chlorophenyl ethane(DDT) and its metabolites showed that 1,1 dichloro 2[ o chlorophenyl] 2[ p chlorophenyl] ethylene(DDE) was dominant in the group.

关键词： Organochlorine insecticides DDT Lindane Jiulong River Estuary Minjiang River Estuary Pearl River Estuary Water Sediment

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On the influence of season and salinity on the phenology of invertebrates in Australian saline lakes, with special reference to those of the Paroo in the semiarid inland

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 1907-1916页

作者： Brian V.TIMMS centre for Ecosystem science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of New South Wales

While the fauna of Australian salt lakes is now well-known, seasonal phenological patterns of invertebrates are not. Two studies on saline lakes in southern Australia suggest the lakes fill in early winter and remain at salinities characteristic for each lake during winter-spring before elevating and drying in summer. The fauna is dominated by crustaceans with few insects and all component species are present most of the time and randomly fluctuating in numbers. Lakes in the southern inland(mainly Lake Eyre) fill in summer, change little in salinity until near drying, and are dominated by crustaceans but have some insects. By contrast temporary salinas in the central inland fill episodically mainly in summer and then their salinity increases steadily as they dry without further rain. Their fauna is also dominated by crustaceans, but with a significant insect component and composition varies though the hydrological cycle. This study reports on an unusual winter fill in two central Paroo lakes and two pools, in which the crustacean fauna is similar to that in summer but insects are delayed till late spring and are not as common as in summer fills. It seems therefore that while insects are more restricted by medium and high salinities than crustaceans, they are also more restricted by cooler temperatures than crustaceans.

关键词： crustaceans aquatic insects rotifers regional fauna biogeography habitat heterogeneity

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