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Plasticity is the differentiated state of CD4 T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第5期10卷 375-378页

作者： Alan G Baxter Margaret A Jordan comparative Genomics centre James CookUniversity Townsville QId Australia

The recent application of targeted mutation technologies to lympho-cyte fate mapping1 has facilitated the in vivo analysis ofCD4 T ceils subsequent to their differentiation. The fate mapping of IL17-producing cells has shown them to be responsive to environmental cues in fungal infection and central nervous sys- tem autoimmunity.2 Now Stockinger＇s group reports that many ILl 7-producing CD4＋ T cells home to intestinal Peyer＇s patches （PP） and convert to a follicular helper T cell （TFH） phenotype, providing critical support for T-dependent IgA responses.3

关键词： Plasticity differentiated state CD4 T cells

Pefabloc- A sulfonyl fluoride serine protease inhibitor blocks induction of Diotericin in Drosoohila 1（2）mbn cells

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 472-476页

作者： Karin C. Johansson Kenneth Soderhall Maria I. Lind Department of comparative Physiology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Insects protect themselves against microbial infection by an efficient innate immune system that is activated by recognition ofinvariant microbial surface molecules. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster the presence of bacteria is associated with expression of antimicrobial peptides in host immune-competent tissues. Host receptors detect infection and relay the signal to mount the appropriate immune response. In Drosophila hemocyte- like l（2）mbn cells pre-infection treatment with Pefabloc, a commonly used serine protease inhibitor, induced two major effects： it blocked expression of the antibacterial peptide Diptericin in response to live Gram-negative bacteria and bacterial surface molecules （crude lipopolysaccharide contaminated by peptidoglycans） and it induced morphological changes.

关键词： cell morphology diptericin Drosophila IMD pathway immune response,proteinase inhibitor

Corrosion and passive behaviour of duplex stainless steel 2205 at different cooling rates in a simulated marine-environment solution

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2018年第9期25卷 943-953页

作者： Shang-lin Lv Zhong-min Yang Bin Zhang Jie Chen Ying Chen Xiao-bin Li National construction Steel Quality Supervision and Test centre Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co. Ltd. Beijing 100088 China Department of Structural Steels Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China China University of Pertroleum-Beijing Beijing 102249China

The corrosion and passive behaviour of duplex stainless steel 2205 at six cooling rates （1, 5, 10, 15, 20 ℃ s^-1 and water quenched） in a simulated marine-environment solution was investigated using electrochemical measurements of potentiostatic critical pitting temperature, potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky curves. The microstructural evolution and pitting morphologies of the specimens were visualised using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical responses of the passive film show that passivity of the steel was enhanced as the cooling rate increased; however, the threshold cooling rate was 20 ℃ s^-1, beyond which pitting corrosion resistance remained stable. Based on the analyses of microstructural evolution and pit morphologies, the proportion of the ferrite phase increased with the cooling rate and the ratio of austenite and ferrite was close to 1：1. The pitting size decreased as the cooling rate increased, and most metastable pits on specimens were located in the ferrite phase and on the ferrite-austenite interface. Thus, pitting resistance of steel is governed by the phase that provides the lowest pitting resistance equivalent number. The optimised pitting corrosion resistance for steel 2205 was achieved when it was greater than or equal to 20℃ s^-1.

关键词： Duplex stainless steel Cooling rate Pitting corrosion Passive film Electrochemistry

Treatment effect investigation of underground continuous impervious curtain application in water-rich strata

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第6期25卷 975-981页

作者： Tao Xiangling Ma Jinrong Zeng Wei State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Jiangsu research & Development centre of construction Safety and Disaster Mitigation

Serious shaft lining failures often occur when shaft linings are constructed by passing them through the deep topsoil of Quaternary strata. This approach also leads to the formation of an aquifer at the *** on the theory of the additional stress which is the main reason for these failures, this study focuses on the treatment effect of underground continuous impervious curtain(UCIC) in terms of different factors, namely, the location, shape, range, and width, by using numerical simulation. Results show that the UCIC can reduce the stress concentration in the shaft lining formed in the bottom aquifer. The UCIC can also reinforce the shaft lining at different angles and can be applied in actual situations. The strength factors of the inner surface of the shaft lining increase after the UCIC are used. The material strength and width of the UCIC show an obvious effect on the stability of the shaft lining. Results proved that the UCIC could effectively strengthen the stability of the shaft lining when it was built in the aquifer or built in the aquifer and above and below the layer.

关键词： UCICShaft lining failureWater drainageUnderground wall

Unveiling phosphofructokinase as the key target: an innovative strategy combining pull-down assays with optical imaging for snail-killing mechanism exploration

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yuxun Lu Weisi Wang Le Yu Yuqiang Zhao Ying Chen Yunhai Guo Bingrong Luo Yuhua Liu Shizhu Li Liping Duan Ying Zhou Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory College of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases School of Chemistry and Environment Yunnan Minzu University Dali Institute of Schistosomiasis Control

The Pomacea canaliculata, also known as apple snail, is an invasive species in China, posing a serious threat to agricultural production and public health. To prevent its rampant infestation, we developed a highly efficient snail-killing lead compound, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea (PBQ). However, the killing mechanism of PBQ remains unclear. To elucidate this, two novel compounds, B-PBQ and J-PBQ, were developed through structural modification of PBQ and were used, through both protein pull-down assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging, to identify and confirm that phosphofructokinase(PFK) in the apple snail is the primary target protein of PBQ. Further studies revealed that PBQ successfully inhibits the activity,content, and expression of PFK in apple snail, disrupting the glycolysis pathway and leading to abnormal energy *** disruptions impair the snail’s tolerance to low oxygen, resulting in its efficient eradication. These findings offer a promising direction for developing next-generation PFK-targeted snail-killing pesticides. Furthermore, the strategy of combining pull-down assays with optical imaging used in this work provides a novel approach for the exploration of mechanisms of other pesticide candidates.

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Finite element model with imposed slip surfaces for earth mass safety evaluation

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第9期21卷 3627-3638页

作者： Nuno ARAUJO Gaspar J.MACHADO Julio B.MARTINS Hugo M.R.D.SILVA C-TAC Territory Environment and Construction Research Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of Minho Guimaraes 4800-058 Portugal centre of Mathematics School of Sciences University of Minho Guimaraes 4800-058 Portugal

The study of earth masses requires numerical methods that provide the quantification of the safety factor without requiring detrimental assumptions. For that, equilibrium analysis can perform fast computations but require assumptions that limit its potentiality. Limit analysis does not require detrimental assumptions but are numerically demanding. This work provides a new approach that combines the advantage of both the equilibrium method and the limit analysis. The defined hybrid model allows probabilistic analysis and optimization approaches without the assumption of interslice forces. It is compared with a published case and used to perform probabilistic studies in both a homogeneous and a layered foundation. Analyses show that the shape of the density probability functions is highly relevant when computing the probability of failure, and soil elasticity hardly affects the safety of factor of the earth mass.

关键词： slope stability probabilistic methods reliability genetic algorithms safety factor

Experimental study on shear properties and resistivity change of soil-rock mixture

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第11期21卷 3930-3944页

作者： LIU Gang WANG Kui XIA Zhengting Engineering research centre of Diagnosis Technology of Hydro-construction Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China Institute of Engineering Design&research Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074China

The deterioration of shear resistance in rock and soil masses has resulted in numerous severe natural disasters,highlighting the significance of long-term monitoring for disaster prevention and *** study explores the use of a non-destructive method to quickly and accurately evaluate the shear properties of soil-rock *** shear stress,shear strain,and resistivity of the soil-rock mixture were tested simultaneously using a combination of direct shear and resistivity *** test results show that the resistivity of the soil-rock mixture gradually decreases with increasing shear *** resistivity of all specimens ranged approximately from 60 to 130Ω.m throughout the shear *** the end of the shear test,the vertical failure resistivity showed an irregular“W”shape with increasing rock *** exhibited a significant negative linear functional relationship with the shear *** reference to the determination of cohesion and internal friction angle on the shear strength envelope,the horizontal angle of the vertical failure resistivity-normal stress curve is defined as the resistivity angle,and the intercept of the curve is the resistivity at the initial moment of *** has been observed that the resistivity angle is negatively and linearly correlated with the internal friction *** the same time,there is a linear growth relationship between resistivity at the initial moment of shear and *** has been demonstrated that an increase in rock content contributes to a general escalation in both the average structure factor and average shape ***,a decrease in the anisotropy coefficient has also been *** alterations are indicative of the extent of microstructural transformations occurring during the deformation process of the soil-rock *** research results verify the feasibility of real-time deformation monitoring and characterization of shear strength parameters using resistivity.

关键词： Soil-rock mixture Shear properties Resistivity change Structural characteristic parameters Deformation monitoring

Variability of the Southwest Monsoon since the Last 25 000 Years and Their Possible Causes: Role of Northern Hemisphere versus Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第3期24卷 428-436页

作者： Anju Pandey Ravi Mishra centre for Climate Change research National centre for Antarctic & Ocean research

High-precision, clay sediment oxygen and hydrogen isotopes analyses of Pleistocene-Holocene deep-sea sediments from the Bay of Bengal （BOB） are presented for the first time. Our study shows that the major source of sediments in the study area, since the last-25 000 years, is likely to be the Higher Himalayan crystalline rocks. Further, the study of these stable isotope data displays the variation of southwest monsoon （SWM） in the BOB region since the last-25 000 years and the cause behind the variation has been interpreted. The δ 18 O values of the clay sediments are compared with δ 18 O values of the BOB seawater. This comparison shows that the clay sediment δ 18 O values of the studied sediment cores temporally vary along with the changes in strength of the SWM. Based on the changes in the clay sediment δ 18 O values of the studied sediment, we evaluate the variance in the SWM since the last 25 000 years in the BOB. Our results are consistent with previous work in the region based on other proxies. To evaluate the factors influencing the intensity of the SWM since the last glacial maxima, we conducted comparative analyses of the studied clay sediment δ 18 O values with δ 18 O values in the Greenland ice cores （GISP2） and Tibetan ice cores （Guliya）. The results from this comparative study show that large-scale changes in the intensity of the SWM since 25 000 years are affected by the climate oscillations of the Northern Hemisphere, but rapid and abrupt fluctuations in the SWM seem to be controlled by the amount of snow cover in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： southwest monsoon Bay of Bengal Tibetan Plateau clay stable isotope.

Morphological reactions of schematic alluvial rivers:Long simulations with a 0-D model

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International Journal of Sediment research 2017年第3期32卷 295-304页

作者： M.Franzoia M.Nones Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of Padova Interdepartmental centre for Industrial research in Building and construction-Fluid Dynamics Unit University of Bologna

The paper presents a 0-D model of an alluvial watercourse schematized in two connected reaches,evolving at the long time-scale and under the hypothesis of Local Uniform Flow. Each reach is defined by its geometry(constant length and width, time-changing slope) and grain-size composition of the bed,while the sediment transport is computed using a sediment rating curve. The slope evolution is provided by a 0-D mass balance and the evolution of the bed composition is computed by a 0-D Hirano equation. A system of differential equations, solved with a predictor-corrector scheme, is derived and applied to the schematic watercourse to simulate the morphological response to changing initial conditions, and the evolution towards long-term equilibrium conditions. Differently from a single-reach 0-D schematization with uniform grain-size, besides the simplifications adopted, the model proposed here simulates the behaviour of alluvial rivers in a physically-based way, showing a grain-size fining in the downstream direction accompanied by milder slopes, and a tendency to develop concave longitudinal profiles.

关键词： Alluvial rivers Local Uniform Flow Morphological equilibrium Physically-based 0-D model River morphology Sediment transport