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Ultrahigh performance passive radiative cooling by hybrid polar dielectric metasurface thermal emitters

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第4期7卷 17-25页

作者： Yinan Zhang Yinggang Chen Tong Wang Qian Zhu Min Gu Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Real-world passive radiative cooling requires highly emissive,selective,and omnidirectional thermal emitters to maintain the radiative cooler at a certain temperature below the ambient temperature while maximizing the net cooling *** various selective thermal emitters have been demonstrated,it is still challenging to achieve these conditions sim-ultaneously because of the extreme difficulty in controlling thermal emission of photonic structures in *** we demonstrated hybrid polar dielectric metasurface thermal emitters with machine learning inverse design,en-abling a high emissivity of~0.92 within the atmospheric transparency window 8-13μm,a large spectral selectivity of~1.8 and a wide emission angle up to 80 degrees,*** selective and omnidirectional thermal emitter has led to a new record of temperature reduction as large as~15.4°C under strong solar irradiation of~800 W/m2,signific-antly surpassing the state-of-the-art *** designed structures also show great potential in tackling the urban heat island effect,with modelling results suggesting a large energy saving and deployment area *** research will make significant impact on passive radiative cooling,thermal energy photonics and tackling global climate change.

关键词： radiative cooling dielectric metasurfaces machine learning thermal emitters

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A high-speed true random number generator based on Ag/SiNx/n-Si memristor

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 241-250页

作者： Xiaobing Yan Zixuan Zhang Zhiyuan Guan Ziliang Fang Yinxing Zhang Jianhui Zhao Jiameng Sun Xu Han Jiangzhen Niu Lulu Wang Xiaotong Jia Yiduo Shao Zhen Zhao Zhenqiang Guo Bing Bai Institute of Life science and Green Development Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electron and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

The intrinsic variability of memristor switching behavior can be used as a natural source of randomness,this variability is valuable for safe applications in hardware,such as the true random number generator(TRNG).However,the speed of TRNG is still be further ***,we propose a reliable Ag/SiNx/n-Si volatile memristor,which exhibits a typical threshold switching device with stable repeat ability and fast switching *** volatile-memristor-based TRNG is combined with nonlinear feedback shift register(NFSR)to form a new type of high-speed dual output ***,the bit generation rate reaches a high speed of 112 kb/*** addition,this new TRNG passed all 15 National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)randomness tests without post-processing steps,proving its performance as a hardware security *** work shows that the SiNx-based volatile memristor can realize TRNG and has great potential in hardware network security.

关键词： volatile memristor true random number generator(TRNG) delay time threshold switching device

Functional dissection of parabrachial substrates in processing nociceptive information

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 633-647页

作者： Jin Ke Wei-Cheng Lu Hai-Yang Jing Shen Qian Sun-Wook Moon Guang-Fu Cui Wei-Xin Qian Xiao-Jing Che Qian Zhang Shi-Shi Lai Ling Zhang Ying-Jie Zhu Jing-Dun Xie Tian-Wen Huang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceBrain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China CAS Key Laboratory of brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Anesthesiology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060China University of science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230027China Department of Anesthesiology Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Academy of Clinical Medical SciencesShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055China School of Medicine Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China

Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and,in many cases,also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors,the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of *** lateral parabrachial nucleus(lPBN),composed of external-(elPBN),dorsal-(dlPBN),and central/superior-subnuclei(jointly referred to as slPBN),receives sensory inputs from spinal projection neurons and plays important roles in processing affective information from external threats and body integrity ***,the organizational rules of lPBN neurons that provoke diverse behaviors in response to different painful stimuli from cutaneous and deep tissues remain *** this study,we used region-specific neuronal depletion or silencing approaches combined with a battery of behavioral assays to show that slPBN neurons expressing substance P receptor(NK1R)(lPBNNK1R)are crucial for driving pain-associated self-care behaviors evoked by sustained noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to skin or bone/muscle,while elPBN neurons are dispensable for driving such ***,lPBNNK1R neurons are specifically required for forming sustained somatic pain-induced negative teaching signals and aversive memory but are not necessary for fear-learning or escape behaviors elicited by external ***,both lPBNNK1R and elPBN neurons contribute to chemical irritant-induced nocifensive *** results reveal the functional organization of parabrachial substrates that drive distinct behavioral outcomes in response to sustained pain versus external danger under physiological conditions.

关键词： Lateral parabrachial nucleus Substance P receptor Pain affect Defensive reaction Somatosensory

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MAL2 DNA methylation serves as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 36-39页

作者： Hao Luo Xing Xiao Weiliang Hou Jing Cai Ming Chen Qisheng Tang Yusheng Tong Zengxin Qi Kaicheng Li Liang Chen Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China National Center for Neurological Disorders Shanghai 200040China Shanghai Key Laboratory of brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration Shanghai 200040China Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinical Translational Research Center Shanghai 200040China Shanghai QuietD Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201210China

Glioma is a common and malignant brain tumor,and molecular diagnostics for glioma have received increasing attention.1,2 Previous studies have suggested that the MAL2 gene may be involved in the transcytosis of various cancers.3 This study aimed to investigate the potential of MAL2 as a biomarker for *** candidate MAL2 CpG sites were validated by pyrosequencing and used to construct a diagnostic model for *** analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between highly methylated MAL2-specific CpG sites and the prognosis of *** findings also showed that MAL2 was more highly methylated in glioma than in other *** constructed diagnostic model can distinguish glioma from other cancers with high sensitivity(93.3%)and specificity(86.5%).Additionally,a risk score model was built based on MAL2 methylation to assess the prognosis of glioma。

关键词： glioma diagnosis MAL

BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： Michael W.Weible II Michael D.Lovelace Hamish D.Mundell Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia Discipline of Medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales brain Tissue Resource centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is *** was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory *** and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/*** immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,*** neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal *** data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord development leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle-closure using swept-source optical coherence tomography

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 42-52页

作者： Hai-Li Huang Guan-Hong Wang Liang-Liang Niu Xing-Huai Sun Department of Ophthalmology&Visual science Eye&ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for brain science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University)Shanghai 200031China

AIM:To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure(F-APAC)and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(F-CPACG)and the eyes of normal ***:This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC,37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment,and 36 healthy *** swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and ***’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related ***:The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10,0.33±0.09,and 0.29±0.04,and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92,306.22±59.29,and 262.69±45.55μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,*** macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the F-APAC and F-CPACG *** the peripapillary region,the mean overall CVIs were 0.21±0.08,0.20±0.08,and 0.19±0.05,and the mean overall choroidal thickness were 180.45±54.18,174.82±50.67,and 176.18±37.94μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,*** were no significant differences between any of the two groups in all peripapillary *** age,shorter axial length,and the F-APAC or F-CPACG diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subfoveal CVI and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The fellow eyes of unilateral APAC or asymmetric CPACG have higher macular CVI and choroidal thickness than those of the normal *** CVI nor choroidal thickness can distinguish between eyes predisposed to APAC or CPACG.A thicker choroid with a higher vascular volume may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

关键词： choroidal thickness choroidal vascularity index swept-source optical coherence tomography acute primary angle-closure chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma

Exploring the influences of education,intelligence and income on mental disorders

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 64-72页

作者： Ancha Baranova Hongbao Cao Fuquan Zhan George Mason University FairfaxVirginiaUSA Research centre for Medical Genetics MoscowRussia Nanjing Medical University Affiliated brain Hospital NanjingZhejiangChina

Background Previous studies have shown that educational attainment(EA),intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental ***,the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are *** We aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental *** Using genome-wide association study summary datasets,we performed Mendelian randomisation(MR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors(EA,N=766345;household income,N=392422;intelligence,N=146808)and 13 common mental disorders,with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to ***-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR *** Our MR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa,obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),bipolar disorder(BD)and autism spectrum disorder(ASD);(2)higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD;(3)higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia *** MVMR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia,BD and ASD;(2)higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder(MDD)and ASD;(3)higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders,including schizophrenia,BD,MDD,ASD,post-traumatic stress disorder,ADHD and anxiety *** Our study reveals that education,intelligence and income intertwine with each *** each factor,its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.

关键词： protective disorders income

Spin-based magnetic random-access memory for high-performance computing

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National science Review 2024年第3期11卷 20-23页

作者： Kaiming Cai Tianli Jin Wen Siang Lew School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Interuniversity Microelectronics centre(IMEC) School of Physical and Mathematical sciences Nanyang Technological University

Memory serves as a critical component in today's electronic systems for data storage and processing. In traditional computer architectures, the logic and memory units are physically separated, due to the performance gap in operational speed and capacity among memories, resulting in the fundamental limitation of the von Neumann computers.

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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection