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Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 628-643页

作者： Marco Diers Robert Weigel Heike Culmsee Christoph Leuschner Plant Ecology Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenUntere Karspuele 237073 GoettingenGermany centre of biodiversity and sustainable land use(CBL) University of GoettingenBuesgenweg 137077 GoettingenGermany

Background:Organic carbon stored in forest soils(SOC)represents an important element of the global C cycle.It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity,but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity,while stocking on similar substrate,is scarce.Methods:We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,calcium,potassium and magnesium)in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient(560–820mm∙yr−1)in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species,forest history,climate,and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools.Results:While the organic layer stored on average about 80%more C under pine than beech,the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile(organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm)were greater under pine by about 40%and 20%,respectively.This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands,indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils.The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech.Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool,whereas tree species was a key driver.An extended data set(which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil)revealed that,besides tree species identity,forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands.Conclusion:We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients,which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories,thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

关键词： Basic cations Fagus sylvatica Forest history Nitrogen Paired plots Pinus sylvestris Productivity effect Soil organic carbon Tree species effect

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林牧系统的树木中豆科植物的比例减少并不影响其内部的氮吸收效率

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第3期16卷 40-53页

作者： Andrea Schmiedgen Martin Komainda Manfred Kayser Bettina Tonn Johannes Isselstein Grassland Science Department of Crop SciencesGeorg-August-University GöttingenD-37075 GöttingenGermany centre of biodiversity&sustainable land use D-37077 GöttingenGermany Geo-Lab University of VechtaD-49377 VechtaGermany Department of Livestock Sciences FiBLCH-5070 FrickSwitzerland

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加... 详细信息

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加,所以在树木附近豆科植物比较稀缺。本研究验证了以下假设,即树木附近的NRE增加,补偿了豆科植物相对于牧草中N浓度的损失。为此,本研究分析了5年前建立的巷道种植系统中,分布在林木间的两种由豆科草本植物为主的植被组成。研究结果表明,豆科植物的比例向树线方向下降了45%,因此,活的和枯死的牧草中的N浓度也下降了,但平均仅下降了15%。由于N浓度降低以及靠近树木的牧草质量下降,N产量最多下降了50%。尽管树木附近的豆科植物减少,但无论植被组成如何,NRE都不受树线的影响。此外,与未管理的生态系统相比,收获之间的落叶间隔较短的林牧草地中管理草坪的内部N循环的相关性较低。豆科植物的比例控制着活的和枯死的草本植物的N浓度,而与林牧系统中的树木遮阴无关。

关键词：农林业氮循环草地管理豆科植物

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Consistent response of nematode communities to management of coniferous plantations

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 483-490页

作者： Haifeng Yin Yu Su Size Liu Xiangjun Li Xianwei Li Chuan Fan Pingting Guan Zhijing Xie Simin Wang Stefan Scheu Valentyna Krashevska College of Forestry Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China J.F.Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of G€ottingenG€ottingen37073Germany Sichuan Academy of Forestry Chengdu610036China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130117China centre of biodiversity and sustainable land use University of GottingenGottingen37073Germany

Background:Crop-tree thinning (CTT) is a forest management practice aiming at enhancing the growth of target trees in plantations by harvesting neighboring trees. Along with the positive effect on tree growth, thinning represents a disturbance, which likely affects belowground organisms and may feed back to stand productivity.However, the impact of CTT on the belowground food web is poorly understood. Since nematodes are species-rich and abundant belowground organisms, occupying a variety of trophic positions in soil food webs and being sensitive to disturbances, they serve as ecological indicators of ecosystem disturbance.Results:We studied the effect of CTT on the soil nematode community structure in pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.),Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) and cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) plantations in the Sichuan Basin three years after applying CTT. Crop-tree thinning significantly increased the abundance of soil nematodes in each of the plantations. Moreover, CTT significantly increased the relative abundance of herbivorous nematodes in each of the plantations. Furthermore, CTT increased the proportion of stress tolerators (c-p 1)and enrichment opportunists (c-p 2) and reduced the maturity, structure and enrichment indices of nematodes in Chinese fir and cypress plantations, while only subtle changes were observed in pine plantations. Interestingly,across plantations, the effects of CTT on soil nematode communities were mainly due to changes in microbial biomass nitrogen and understory vegetation diversity.Conclusions:Forest management practices resulting in more open canopies uniformly affect soil food webs by changing the quantity and quality of resources associated with increased understory cover and diversity as well as microbial food. These insights increase our understanding of the impacts of forest management on the structure and functioning of belowground communities, which may contribute to management and conservation policies for more sustainable forestry.

关键词： Soil nematodes Crop-tree thinning Understory vegetation Forest management Soil fauna

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Artificial intelligence optimization and controllable slow-release iron sulfide realizes efficient separation of copper and arsenic in strongly acidic wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 293-307页

作者： Xingfei Zhang Chenglong Lu Jia Tian Liqiang Zeng Yufeng Wang Wei Sun Haisheng Han Jianhua Kang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China centre for Mined land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia

Iron sulfide(FeS)is a promising material for separating copper and arsenic from strongly acidic wastewater due to its S^(2-)slow-release effect.However,uncertainties arise because of the constant changes in wastewater composition,affecting the selection of operating parameters and FeS types.In this study,the aging method was first used to prepare various controllable FeS nanoparticles to weaken the arsenic removal ability without affecting the copper removal.Orthogonal experiments were conducted,and the results identified the Cu/As ratio,H_(2)SO_(4) concentration,and FeS dosage as the three main factors influencing the separation efficiency.The backpropagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN)model was established to determine the relationship between the influencing factors and the separation efficiency.The correlation coefficient(R)of overall model was 0.9923 after optimizing using genetic algorithm(GA).The BP-GA model was also solved using GA under specific constraints,predicting the best solution for the separation process in real-time.The predicted results show that the high temperature and long aging time of FeS were necessary to gain high separation efficiency,and the maximum separation factor can reached 1,400.This study provides a suitable sulfurizing material and a set of methods and models with robust flexibility that can successfully predict the separation efficiency of copper and arsenic from highly acidic environments.

关键词： FeS nanoparticles Aging Sulfide precipitation Orthogonal experiment Artificial neural network Prediction

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Occurrence and fate of endogenous steroid hormones,alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in municipal sewage treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 49-58页

作者： Qian Wu James C.W.Lam Karen Y.Kwok Mirabelle M.P.Tsui Paul K.S.Lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP) Department of Biology and Chemistry Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong of Kong

Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates（APEOs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs） that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g（dry weight）. The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.

关键词： Endocrine disruptor Steroid hormone Alkylphenol ethoxylate Phthalic acid ester Risk assessment

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Adjusting to climate:Acclimation,adaptation and developmental plasticity in physiological traits of a tropical rainforest lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 411-427页

作者： John LLEWELYN Stewart L.MACDONALD Craig MORITZ Felipe MARTINS AmberleeHATCHER Ben L.PHILLIPS centre for Tropical biodiversity and Climate Change James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia CSIRO land and Water TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia centre for biodiversity Analysis Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The impact of climate change may be felt most keenly by tropical ectotherms.In these taxa,it is argued,thermal specialization means a given shift in temperature will have a larger effect on fitness.For species with limited dispersal ability,the impact of climate change depends on the capacity for their climate-relevant traits to shift.Such shifts can occur through genetic adaptation,various forms of plasticity,or a combination of these processes.Here we assess the extent and causes of shifts in 7 physiological traits in a tropical lizard,the rainforest sunskink(Lampropholis coggeri).Two populations were sampled that differ from each other in both climate and physiological traits.We compared trait values in each animal soon after field collection versus following acclimation to laboratory conditions.We also compared trait values between populations in:(i)recently field-collected animals;(ii)the same animals following laboratory acclimation;and(iii)the laboratory-reared offspring of these animals.Our results reveal high trait lability,driven primarily by acclimation and local adaptation.By contrast,developmental plasticity,resulting from incubation temperature,had little to no effect on most traits.These results suggest that,while specialized,tropical ectotherms may be capable of rapid shifts in climate-relevant traits.

关键词： acclimation adaptation climate change ectotherm reptile

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Tissue culture tools for selenium hyperaccumulator Neptunia amplexicaulis for development in phytoextraction

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2022年第1期12卷 409-417页

作者： Billy O’Donohue Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage Madeleine Gleeson Chris O’Brien Maggie-Anne Harvey Antony van der Ent Katherine Pinto Irish Neena Mitter Alice Hayward centre for Horticultural Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia centre for Mined land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Neptunia amplexicaulis is an herbaceous legume endemic to the Richmond area in central Queensland,Australia and is one of the strongest known Selenium hyperaccumulators on earth,showing significant potential to be utilised in Se phytoextraction applications.Here a protocol was established for in vitro micropropagation of Se hyperaccumula-tor N.amplexicaulis using nodal segments from in vitro-germinated seedlings.Shoot multiplication was achieved on Murashige and Skoog(MS)basal media supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine(BA)(1.0,2.0,3.0 mg L^(−1))alone or in combination with low levels of Naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA)(0.1,0.2,0.3 mg L^(−1)),with 2.0 mg L^(−1) BA+0.2 mg L^(−1) NAA found to be most effective.Elongated shoots were rooted in vitro using NAA,with highest root induction rate of 30%observed at 0.2 mg L^(−1) NAA.About 95%of the in vitro rooted shoots survived acclimatization.Clonally propagated plantlets were dosed with selenate/selenite solution and assessed for Se tissue concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-AES)and found to retain their ability to hyperaccumulate.The protocol developed for this study has potential to be optimised for generating clonal plants of N.amplexicaulis for use in research and phytoextraction industry applications.

关键词： Micropropagation Hyperaccumulation Phytoextraction Selenium Tissue culture Neptunia amplexicaulis

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Soil organic carbon stocks and belowground biomass in patches in heterogeneous grassland

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 279-288页

作者： Martin Komainda Eliana Mohn Klára Kajzrová Kilian Obermeyer Jan Titěra Vilém Pavlů Johannes Isselstein Department of Crop Sciences Grassland ScienceGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany Faculty of Science Humanities and EducationTechnical University of LiberecLiberecCzechia Department of Agroecology and Crop Production Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesPrahaCzechia University of Vechta VechtaGermany Grassland Research Station Liberec Department of Weeds and Vegetation of AgroecosystemsCrop Research InstitutePrahaCzechia centre of biodiversity and sustainable land use GöttingenGermany

Background:Selective grazing creates stable patches of contrasting sward height,thereby providing different growth conditions for the grass sward above and below ground and potentially affecting soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks.We hypothesized that the presence of patches leads to greater spatial variability in belowground biomass(BGB)and SOC stocks than occurs between pastures managed under different stocking intensities.Methods:A long-term grazing experiment consisting of three stocking intensities was used for this study.We studied BGB,SOC,and soil total nitrogen(Ntot)stocks in the 0-15 cm soil depth.Shannon diversity of plant species,soil bulk density,soil phosphorus,potassium,and magnesium contents were considered.Results:There were no significant effects of patch or stocking intensity on BGB,SOC,and Ntot stocks.Short patches had a greater Shannon diversity than tall patches(p<0.05)and plant-available nutrients in soil correlated positively with sward height(p<0.05).Conclusions:We conclude from the current results and previous studies that higher plant species diversity with lower soil nutrient contents in short-patch areas and higher nutrient contents together with light competition in tall-patch areas might balance each other out with respect to BGB and SOC stocks.

关键词： grazing land roots seminatural grassland soil organic matter stocking rate

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Ecotoxicological assessment of diffuse pollution using biomonitoring tool for sustainable land use in Thailand

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 858-863页

作者： Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai Barry Noller Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources Land Resourcesand Environment SectionFaculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen University The University of Queensland Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR)

As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring species are needed to assess the effects of diffuse pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of diffuse pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that diffuse pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia candida （international test species） for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the effects of diffuse pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand.

关键词： ecotoxicological assessments diffuse pollution biomonitoring soil ecosystem

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Increasing loss of mature boreal forests around protected areas with red-listed forest species

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 319-331页

作者： Aino‑Maija Määttänen Raimo Virkkala Niko Leikola Risto K.Heikkinen biodiversity centre Finnish Environment InstituteLatokartanonkaari 1100790 HelsinkiFinland

Background:Protected areas(PA)are central to biodiversity,but their efficiency is challenged by human‑induced habitat loss and fragmentation.In the Fennoscandian boreal region,forestry with clearcutting is a threat to biodiversity causing the loss of mature forest elements and deterioration of ecological processes in forest landscapes,ultimately affecting PAs via declined structural connectivity.This paper aims to(1)determine PAs with high,red‑listed species concentrations;(2)estimate the change in forest habitat around these PAs on different spatial scales;and(3)determine if forest management intensity is higher around biologically most valuable PAs.Occurrences of red‑listed forest‑dwelling species in Finland were used to identify PAs harbouring these species and to produce site‑specific importance indices.CORINE landcover data was used as a baseline for the distribution of forests to assess the cover of clear‑cuttings from 2001 to 2019 with the Global Forest Change(GFC)data set in three buffer areas around the PAs with occurrences of red‑listed species.Results:The largest proportion of clear‑cuts occurred in 1 km and 10 km buffers around the PAs in the southern and middle boreal zones,being ca.20%.This indicates that the forest habitat is degrading fast at regional and landscape levels.On the positive side,the change in forest cover was lower around the biologically most important PAs compared to other PAs with red‑listed species.Conclusions:Open and free satellite‑data based assessments of the cover and change of forests provide reliable estimates about the rates at which mature and old‑growth forests are being converted into young managed ones in Finland mainly via clear‑cuts on different scales around PAs.The rate of clear‑cuts was lowest in adjacent buffer areas next to the most species‑rich PAs,which provides opportunities for biodiversity conservation efforts to be targeted to the remaining mature and old‑growth forests found in the vicinity of these areas.

关键词： biodiversity conservation Boreal forest Change detection Global Forest Watch Habitat loss Structural connectivity

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