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Shrub interactions drive vegetation succession of subalpine grasslands under two climatic conditions

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Journal of Plant ecology 2018年第2期11卷 297-307页

作者： Paloma Nuche Concepción L.Alados Department of biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem restoration Pyrenean Institute of Ecology(IPE-CSIC)Avda.Montañana 1005PO Box 13034Zaragoza 50059Spain

Aims The abandonment of agronomic practices in subalpine systems has led to shrub encroachment,which has transformed grasslands into *** competitive and facilitative interactions among incoming shrub species might influence vegetation succession and might be affected by climate *** study aimed to identify the nature of shrub species interactions between an early colonizer and a secondary succession shrub in the successional encroach-ment process and whether it differs between two contrasting cli-matic *** The interactions between the two main encroaching shrub spe-cies in the Central Pyrenees(Spain),Buxus sempervirens and Echinospartum horridum,were studied at the current upper limit of the altitudinal range of ***,where it coexists with ***(high site),and in a milder location at lower eleva-tion(low site).in the studied areas,*** is the first shrub species that encroaches upon the abandoned grasslands and *** enters the system after *** has become established.A neighbor-removal experiment was used to assess the bidirectional interactions between both species,and whether those interactions differed among the life stages of ***(seed-lings,juveniles and adults),at the two study ***,annual crown growth and developmental instability(error in development caused by stress)were the performance indices used to quantify plant *** in air temperatures and soil nutrient amelioration were evaluated as possible mechanisms of facilitation of *** on *** Findings *** enhanced the survival of *** seedlings under its crown,whereas,*** adults outcompeted ***,the invasion of the grasslands by *** facilitated the settlement and expansion of ***,pro-moting vegetation succession at the *** addition,climatic differences associated with elevation affected shrub ***

关键词： climate change developmental instability plant interactions subalpine ecosystems vegetation succession

Amphibian Species Contribute Similarly to Taxonomic, but not Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity: Inferences from Amphibian biodiversity on Emei Mountain

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第2期9卷 110-118页

作者： Tian ZHAO Bin WANG Guocheng SHU Cheng LI Jianping JIANG CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding the relationships between species, communities, and biodiversity are important challenges in conservation ecology. Current biodiversity conservation activities usually focus on species that are rare, endemic, distinctive, or at risk of extinction. However, empirical studies of whether such species contribute more to aspects of biodiversity than common species are still relatively rare. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of individual amphibian species to different facets of biodiversity, and to test whether species of conservation interest contribute more to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity than do species without special conservation status. To answer these questions, 19 000 simulated random communities with a gradient of species richness were created by shuffling the regional pool of species inhabiting Emei Mountain. Differences of diversity values were then computed before and after removing individual species in these random communities. Our results indicated that although individual species contributed similarly to taxonomic diversity, their contribution to functional and phylogenetic diversity was more idiosyncratic. This was primarily driven by the diverse functional attributes of species and the differences in phylogenetic relationships among species. Additionally, species of conservation interest did not show a significantly higher contribution to any facet of biodiversity. Our results support the claims that the usefulness of metrics based only on species richness is limited. Instead, assemblages that include species with functional and phylogenetic diversity should be protected to maintain biodiversity.

关键词： amphibians conservation taxonomic diversity functional diversity phylogenetic diversity

Group-spawning and Simultanous Polyandry of a Stream-dwelling Frog Feirana kangxianensis

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第4期5卷 240-244页

作者： Jie WANG Feng XIE Gang WANG Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization CAS and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation

Here we provide an example of simultaneous polyandry based on genetic evidence in Feirana kangxianensis. This stream-dwelling species occurs only in Kangxian County, southern Gansu Province, where it is sympatric with its sibling species E quadranus. During the breeding season the sex ratio of E kangxianensis was marginally female- biased （44~：59~） and the encounter rate in a relatively pristine habitat was significantly higher than that in heavily quarried habitats （9.6 ± 4.8 indiv./km vs. 3.2 ± 2.5 indiv./km）. Three egg masses containing an average of 698 eggs were deposited on the underside of one or two adjacent flat rocks, 6.0-10.0 cm under the water surface and 1.0-3.5 cm above the streambed. Using Bayesian sibship clustering of nine polymorphic microsatellite genotypes, two females were detected as group-spawning in one oviposition site, with three males fertilizing each female＇s eggs simultaneously. We also discuss the conservation requirements of this range-restricted species and the evolutionary implication of its unusual reproductive strategy.

关键词： group-spawning oviposition site sex ratio simultaneous polyandry habitat conservation

Resurrection of the Genus Leptomantis, with Description of a New Genus to the Family Rhacophoridae(Amphibia:Anura)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Dechun JIANG Ke JIANG Jinlong REN Jun WU Jiatang LI CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological restoration and biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Southeast Asia biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1 822 is one of the most diverse genera of the family Rhacophoridae, and its taxonomy of genus Rhacophorus faces major challenges because of rapidly described new species and complex interspecies relations. In this study, we investigate the generic taxonomy within the genus Rhacophorus based on 1 972 bp of mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA, tRNA-val and 16S rRNA), containing 102 sequences from 58 species. The results reveal three well-supported and highly diverged matrilines that correspond with morphological characteristics and geographic distribution. Accordingly, we consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Rhacophorus sensu stricto, resurrected genus Leptomantis Peters, 1867, and the genus Zhangixalus gen. nov.

关键词： Rhacophorus taxonomic revision tree frog Zhangixalus gen.nov.

Livelihood Diversification as an Adaptation Approach to Change in the Pastoral Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1342-1355页

作者： WU Ning Muhammad ISMAIL Srijana JOSHI YI Shao-liang Ritu Meher SHRESTHA Abdul Wahid JASRA International centre for Integrated Mountain Development G.P.O Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological restoration biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Migratory livestock raising has been one of the most important livelihood options for people residing in high mountain areas and has made a significant contribution to the economy of the Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH) region, both in terms of supporting households and in export earnings. However, in recent decades, changes in the socioeconomic situation and increasing climate variability have led to a need to enhance adaptation by building the resilience of local socio-ecological systems, including economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources. Based on semistructured interviews with pastoral communities in six countries within the pastoral HKH region, this paper discusses the situation, trends and driving forces behind the diversification of pastoral livelihood. For internal diversification the study highlights the need for enhancement of pastoral livelihoods through value-adding activities in the pastoral sectors. For external diversification changes on policy changes are needed to support free out-migration, market exploitation, and multiple resource use. Finally the paper highlights the role of education in determining household adaptation strategies in the face of various socio-ecological pressures and recommends integrating innovative and indigenous knowledge to develop appropriate methods for risk management and resource management in the pastoral HKH region.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Diversification Livelihoods Pastoralism Himalaya

Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 739-745页

作者： Dechun Jiang Sebastian Klaus Ya-Ping Zhang David M.Hillis Jia-Tang Li CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological restoration and biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of ecology and Evolution J.W.Goethe University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Integrative Biology and biodiversity Center University of Texas at Austin

The exchange of biotas between Eurasia and North America across the Bering land bridge had a major impact on ecosystems of both continents throughout the Cenozoic. This exchange has received particular attention regarding placental mammals dispersing into the Americas, including humans after the last glacial period, and also as an explanation for the disjunct distribution of related seed plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Here, we investigate bi-directional dispersal across the Bering land bridge from estimates of dispersal events based on time-calibrated phylogenies of a broad range of plant, fungus and animal taxa. We reveal a long-lasting phase of asymmetrical biotic interchange, with a peak of dispersal from Asia into North America during the late Oligocene warming(26–24 Ma), when dispersal in the opposite direction was greatly decreased. Influx from North America into Asia was lower than in the opposite direction throughout the Cenozoic, but with peak rates of dispersal at the end of the Eocene(40–34 Ma)and again in the early to middle Miocene(16–14 Ma). The strong association between dispersal patterns and environmental changes suggests that plants, fungi and animals have likely dispersed from stable to perturbed environments of North America and Eurasia throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： multiple taxa biogeography Bering land bridge Cenozoic

Taxonomy on crane flies in family Tipulidae and Limoniidae(Diptera: Tipuloidea) from Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui, China

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Zoological Systematics 2017年第4期42卷 476-489页

作者： Qiulei Men Zhiyong Lu Pingping Sheng Xiang Gui Zhizhong Wang Dan Mu School of Life Sciences Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest AnhuiResearch Centre of Aquatic Organism conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in AnhuiAnqing Normal University

The paper reports 13 species from Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui, China, including a new species and a new subspecies, Tipula（Emodotipula） alexanderi Men, sp. nov. and Nephrotoma impigra anqingensis Men, subsp. nov. The female of Libnotes（Libnotes） pseudonohirai Men, 2015 is described and illustrated for the first time. The males of Holorusia henana Yang, 1999 and Tipula（Vestiplex） jiangi Yang ＆ Yang, 1991 are redescribed and illustrated with new morphological characters. A key to all species is provided.

关键词： Tipuloidea Limoniidae Emodotipula Nephrotoma new species

A New Species of the Asian Toad Genus Megophrys sensu lato(Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第4期9卷 224-239页

作者： Shize LI Ning XU Jing LIU Jianping JIANG Gang WEI Bin WANG Department of Food Science and Engineering Maotai University CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological restoration biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology (CIB) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory Guiyang College

We describe a new species of the genus Megophrys sensu lato from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences all strongly supported the new species as an independent lineage in Megophrys(Panophrys) clade. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) small body size with SVL < 38.8 mm in male and SVL < 42.3 mm in female;(2) vomerine teeth absent;(3) tongue not notched behind;(4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid;(5) tympanum distinctly visible, rounded;(6) two metacarpal tubercles in hand;(7) relative finger lengths: II < I < V < III;(8) toes with rudimentary webbing at bases;(9) heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(10) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum to eye when leg stretched forward;(11) an internal single subgular vocal sac in male;(12) in breeding male, the nuptial pads with black nuptial spines on the dorsal bases of the first and second fingers.

关键词： Megophrys sensu lato new species taxonomy phylogenetic analysis Guizhou Province China

Description of a New Species of Amolops Cope, 1865(Amphibia: Ranidae) from Nepal and Nomenclatural Validation of Amolops nepalicus Yang, 1991

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 71-94页

作者： Janak Raj KHATIWADA Guocheng SHU Bin WANG Tian ZHAO Feng XIE Jianping JIANG CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological restoration and biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

A new species,Amolops mahabharatensis ***.,is described from Mahabharat range(middle mountain)of *** new species is a member of the *** group and is distinguished from its congeners using morphological and molecular *** new species is diagnosed by having numerous warts on dorsum and flanks,dorsal body greyish olivebrown/light brown,presence of vomerine teeth series,presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs in males and tadpole withⅢ:5+5/1+1:Ⅱ–labial tooth *** addition,evidenced by the phylogenetic and morphological analyses in this study,Amolops nepalicus is shown to be a valid species.A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S ribosomal gene for six members of the *** group suggested that the new species is sister to a clade containing *** and *** uncorrected genetic divergences between the new species and its closest congeners ***,*** and *** based on 16 S rRNA gene were 10.5%,11.6%,and 8.6%*** new species showed wide distribution in the Mahabharat range of Nepal.

关键词： A.marmoratus group mahabharat range molecular phylogeny taxonomy