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Optimizing biodiesel Production from Karanja and Algae Oil with nano Catalyst:RSMand ANN Approach

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Energy Engineering 2024年第9期121卷 2363-2388页

作者： Sujeet Kesharvani Sakhi Katre Suyasha Pandey Gaurav Dwivedi Tikendra Nath Verma Prashant Baredar Energy centre Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal462003India Department of Mechanical Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal462003India

This study delves into biodiesel synthesis from non-edible oils and algae oil sources using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)and an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)model to optimize biodiesel *** of *** and Karanja oils is utilized,aiming to reduce free fatty acid content to 1%through single-step *** reveals peak biodiesel yield conditions:1%catalyst quantity,91.47 min reaction time,56.86℃reaction temperature,and 8.46:1 methanol to oil molar *** ANN model outperforms RSM in yield prediction *** impact assessment yields an E-factor of 0.0251 at maximum yield,indicating responsible production with minimal *** analysis reveals significant cost savings:30%-50%reduction in raw material costs by using non-edible oils,10%-15%increase in production efficiency,20%reduction in catalyst costs,and 15%-20%savings in energy *** optimized process reduces waste disposal costs by 10%-15%,enhancing overall economic ***,the widespread adoption of biodiesel offers economic,environmental,and social benefits to a diverse range of stakeholders,including farmers,producers,consumers,governments,environmental organizations,and the transportation *** among these stakeholders is essential for realizing the full potential of biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution.

关键词： Non-edible oil algae RSM ANN optimization environmental factor

biodegradable,strong,and clear wood package for plastic alternative

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nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8531-8541页

作者： Jianfu Tang Xueqin Fan Haozhou Huang Xiaofei Dong Xueqi Li Peiru Wang Ran Yin Yanjun Xie Jian Li Gang Tan Zhenqian Pang Wentao Gan Key Laboratory of bio-based Material Science&Technology(Ministry of Education) Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Department of Architecture College of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100China Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Complex Traits and Protein Machines in Organisms Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

Using biodegradable material derived from renewable resources as petroleum-based plastics replacement is a promising way towards sustainable ***,the insufficient mechanical properties and complex manufacturing process of bioplastics still need to be improved for high-quality food ***,we report a top-down strategy to transform natural wood into a clear wood packaging film through scalable delignification and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)*** wood packaging film demonstrates a laminated structure with completely collapsed cell walls and PVA intertwined together after energy-saving air drying,resulting in high light transmittance with low haze,good mechanical performance,and high barrier performance for oxygen and water *** dynamics simulations reveal the underlying fracture mechanism between cellulose and PVA,which effectively enhances the Young’s modulus and strength of the wood packaging *** findings contribute to the development of biodegradable and strong packaging materials,as well as other food-related applications,using sustainable wood.

关键词： wood food package mechanical enhancement plastic replacement biodegradability

Effect of short-time low-temperature austenitizing on microstructure and mechanical properties of DT300 ultra-high strength steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第7期31卷 1763-1777页

作者： Chen-yang Jiang Xiao-qiang Li Jin-tao Wang Hao Luo Sheng-qing Gao Sheng-guan Qu Chao Yang National Engineering Research centre of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Institute of New Materials Guangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510650GuangdongChina

To address the inhomogeneous microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of DT300 ultra-high strength steel specimens fabricated by laser powder bed fusion,different post-heat treatment schedules are *** the increase in austenitizing temperature and time,the migration rate of austenite grain boundaries continuously increases with the dissolution of nano-carbides,and the formation of nano-oxides and twin martensite is also inhibited *** rapid growth in the size of prior austenite grains and martensite laths,as well as the decrease in the content of nano-oxides and twin martensite,led to a rapid decrease in the strength(yield strength and ultimate tensile strength)from HT2 to HTF *** HT1 specimens(austenitizing at 830℃for 30 min,then oil quenching and tempering at 300℃for 120 min and finally air cooling)display excellent mechanical properties of yield strength of 1572 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 1847 MPa,elongation of 9.84%,and fracture toughness of 106 MPa m^(1/2),which are counterparts to those of conventional DT300 steel forgings after heat treatment.

关键词： DT300 ultra-high strength steel Laser powder bed fusion-Short-time low-temperature austenitizing Microstructure Mechanical property

MXenes for bioinspired Soft Actuators:Advancements in Angle-Independent Structural Colors and Beyond

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 18-34页

作者： Siavash Iravani Rajender S.Varma Independent Researcher W Nazar STBoostan AveIsfahanIran centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP 13565‑905Brazil

Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic *** actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and *** the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering *** carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing *** promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical *** integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting *** material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these *** perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.

关键词： MXenes MXene-based composites bioinspired soft robotics Angle-independent structural color

Microscopic growth mechanism and edge states of monolayer 1T'-MoTe_(2)

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 605-611页

作者：赵海鹏刘隐杨胜国林陈昉陈明星 Kai Braun 罗心仪李思宇潘安练王笑 Key Laboratory for Micro-nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province School of Physics and ElectronicsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Centre for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA) Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+ University of TubingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TubingenGermany

Transition metal ditellurides(TMTDs)have versatile physical properties,including non-trivial topology,Weyl semimetal states and unique spin *** growth of high-quality and large-scale monolayer TMTDs with preferred crystal phases is crucial for their ***,we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of 1T'-MoTe_(2) on Au(111)and graphitized silicon carbide(Gr/SiC)by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).We investigate the morphology of the grown1T'-MoTe_(2) at the atomic level by scanning tunnelling microscopy(STM)and reveal the corresponding microscopic growth *** is found that the unique ordered Te structures preferentially deposited on Au(111)regulate the growth of monolayer single crystal 1T'-MoTe_(2),while the Mo clusters were preferentially deposited on the Gr/SiC substrate,which impedes the ordered growth of monolayer MoTe_(2).We confirm that the size of single crystal 1T'-MoTe_(2) grown on Au(111)is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that on Gr/*** scanning tunnelling spectroscopy(STS),we observe that the STS spectrum of the monolayer 1T'-MoTe_(2) nano-island at the edge is different from that at the interior,which exhibits enhanced conductivity.

关键词： transition metal ditellurides 1T'-MoTe_(2) microscopic growth mechanism scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STM/S)

Sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst with different morphology for biodiesel production

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第8期16卷 1198-1210页

作者： Vinayak Hegde Parimal Pandit Pranita Rananaware Varsha PBrahmkhatri centre for nano and Material Sciences Jain UniversityJain Global CampusBengaluru 562112India

Sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous silica based solid acid catalysts with different morphology were designed and *** synthesized materials were characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques like scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area,thermogravimetric analysis and n-butylamine *** shape of catalysts particles plays an important role in its *** sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts of spherical shape and the cube shape were assessed for catalytic activity in biodiesel *** catalytic biodiesel production reaction over the catalysts were studied by esterification of free fatty acid,oleic acid with *** effect of various reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration,acid/alcohol molar ratio,catalyst amount,reaction temperature and reaction time on catalytic activity were investigated to optimize the conditions for maximum *** was sulfonated cubic shape mesoporous silica which exhibited better activity as compared to the spherical shape silica ***,the catalyst was regenerated and reused up to three cycles without any significant loss in *** present catalysts exhibit superior performance in biodiesel production and it can be used for the several biodiesel feedstock’s that are rich in free fatty acids.

关键词： solid acid catalyst mesoporous silica sulfonic acid biodiesel esterification oleic acid

A human monoclonal antibody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants bytargeting the upstream region of spike protein HR2 motif

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hLife 2024年第3期2卷 126-140页

作者： Hang Su Jun Zhang Zhenfei Yi Sajid Khan Mian Peng Liang Ye Alan Bao Han Zhang Guangli Suo Qian Li Housheng Zheng Dandan Wu Thomas J.Kipps Lanfeng Wang Zhenghong Lin Suping Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability andHuman Disease PreventionDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesBase for International Science and TechnologyCooperation:Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D CenterInternational Cancer CenterShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhenUniversityGuangdongChina School of Life Sciences Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina The Center for Microbes Development and HealthCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology&ImmunologyShanghai Institute of Immunityand InfectionChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Shenzhen Luohu People’s HospitalGuangdongChina University of California BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Xenta biomedical Science Co. LtdGuangdongChina CAS Key Laboratory of nano-bio Interface Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesJiangsuChina Center of Novel Therapeutics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA

The continuous emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants meansthere is a need to explore additional strategies to develop broad-spectrum vaccines or therapeutics for individuals remaining at risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Neutralizing monoclonal antibody(mAb)that binds to theconserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein alone,or in combination with mAb that binds to the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of S protein,might be effective in eliciting protection from infection by a variety of SARS-CoV2 *** high-throughput single-cell immunoglobulin sequencing of B cells from COVID-19-convalescent donors,we identified a high-affinity S2-specific mAb-39,that could inhibit original SARS-CoV-2 strain,Omicron BA.1,BA.2.86,BA.4,BA.5,and EG.5.1 S protein-mediated membrane fusion,leading to the neutralization of these ***,mAb-39 could also improve the neutralizing activity of anti-RBD antibody against the highlyneutralization-resistant Omicron *** docking and point mutation analyses revealed that mAb-39 recognized epitopes within the conserved upstream region of the heptad repeat 2(HR2)motif of the S2 ***,these findings demonstrate that targeting the conserved upstream region of the HR2 motif(e.g.,using mAbs)provides anovel strategy for preventing the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variants monoclonal antibody upstream region of heptad repeat 2(HR2) immunoglobulin repertoiresequencing

Volcanically Driven Terrestrial Environmental Perturbations during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Eastern Tethys

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 753-770页

作者： Naveed Ur RAHMAN XIAN Benzhong FANG Linhao CHEN Sirui CHEN Peng Zaheen ULLAH WANG Pengyu National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China centre for Earth and Space Sciences University of SwatSwat 19120Pakistan

The Carnian Pluvial Episode(CPE)fingerprints global environmental perturbations and biological extinction on land and oceans and is potentially linked to the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province(LIP).However,the correlation between terrestrial environmental changes and Wrangellia volcanism in the Ordos Basin during the CPE remains poorly *** of negative carbon isotopic excursions(NCIEs),mercury(Hg),Hg/TOC,and Hg enrichment factor(HgEF)from oil shales in a large-scale terrestrial Ordos Basin in the Eastern Tethys were correlated with marine and other terrestrial *** three significant NCIEs in the study section were consistently correlated with those in the CPE successions of Europe,the UK,and South and North *** U-Pb geochronology indicates a Ladinian-Carnian age for the Chang 7 Member.A comprehensive overview of the geochronology,NCIE correlation,and previous bio-and chronostratigraphic frameworks shows that the Ladinian-Carnian boundary is located in the lower part of Chang 7 in the Yishicun *** may be a more reliable proxy for tracing volcanic eruptions than the Hg/TOC ratio because the accumulation rates of TOC content largely vary in terrestrial and marine *** records of Hg,Hg/TOC,HgEF,and NCIEs in the Ordos Basin aligned with Carnian successions worldwide and were marked by similar anomalies,indicating a global response to the Wrangellia LIP during the ***,a warm-humid climate,enhancement of detrital input,and NCIEs are synchronous with the CPE interval in the Ordos Basin,which suggests that the CPE combined with the regional Qinling Orogeny should dominate the enhanced rate of terrigenous input and paleoenvironmental evolution in the Ordos Basin.

关键词： Chang 7 Member oil shale Carnian Pluvial Episode volcanism environmental perturbations

Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 187-221页

作者： Jiayi Li Li Gao Fengying Pan Cheng Gong Limeng Sun Hong Gao Jinqiang Zhang Yufei Zhao Guoxiu Wang Hao Liu Joint International Laboratory On Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China centre for Clean Energy Technology University of Technology SydneyBroadwaySydneyNSW 2007Australia

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low ***,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical *** methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S ***,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S ***,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in ***,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle ***,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S ***,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.

关键词： Shuttle effect Designed strategies Li-S battery Lithium polysulfides