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Upper ocean high resolution regional modeling of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 32-50页

作者： Dwivedi Suneet Mishra Alok Kumar Srivastava Atul K Banerjee centre of atmospheric and Ocean studies and M N Saha centre of Space studies University of Allahabad

In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper *** surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents.

关键词： Indian Ocean modeling Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal mixed layer depth transport

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Dechlorination of chlorophenols by zero valent iron impregnated silica

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 765-773页

作者： Praveena Juliya Dorathiy Palanivelu Kandasamy centre for environmental studies Anna UniversityChennai 600025India

Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the efficacy of uniquely prepared zero valent iron impregnated silica in transforming xenobiotic chlorophenols namely 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Continuous mode column experiments were performed to investigate the transformation of chlorophenols by varying pH, column height, flow rate and initial chlorophenol concentration. Reusability study of the zero valent iron impregnated silica was studied as well as the morphological changes and the chemical composition of the catalyst medium were also investigated. Dechlorination kinetic studies were conducted and the order of dechlorination of chlorophenols was found to be 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 〉 2,4-dichlorophenol 〉 4-chlorophenol. The optimum pH, column height and flow rate were found to be 7, 20 cm and 0.75 L/hr respectively for all chlorophenols in the reaction duration of 4 hr. Intermediates formed during dechlorination study were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. This method was applied to real pulp and paper wastewater and was found satisfactory.

关键词： zero valent iron silica chlorophenols dechlorination

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Lidar Methods for Observing Mineral Dust

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第2期28卷 173-184页

作者： Nobuo SUGIMOTO HUANG Zhongwei 黄忠伟 National Institute for environmental studies College of atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University

Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are *** methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence *** of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are *** largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial *** of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other *** lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral *** lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of *** of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also *** from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the *** of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed.

关键词： lidar mineral dust Mie scattering lidar Raman lidar high-spectral-resolution lidar fluorescence lidar

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Effects of Increased Salinity on Growth, Development and Survival in Early Life Stages of the Green Toad Bufotes variabilis (Anura: Bufonidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第2期9卷 129-134页

作者： Soheyla YAGHOBI Somaye VAISSI Zeynab Taheri KHAS Mozafar SHARIFI Razi University centre for environmental studies Department of Biology

This study examined the effects of increased salinity on growth, development and survival of the Green toad, Bufotes variabilis during embryonic, hatching and early larval periods. Eggs from a single cohort of B. variabilis were subjected to acute and chronic toxicity tests for water salinity ranging from 0.20 to 10 g of salt per liter. Results obtained from this study showed that salinity over 3.70 g/l increased embryonic mortality and reduced percentage of hatching and survival rate of larvae. As larvae tolerated salinity 0.20 to 3.70 g/l with highest survival, but salinity of 10 g/l caused mortality of all individuals within 12 h, 7.70-8.70 （g/l） within 4.5 days, 5.70-6.70 g/l within 10 days and 4.70 （g/l） were tolerated within 14 days. Salinity less than 0.70 g/l did not affect survival and hatching success of the embryos. After a 3-week experiment, size of larvae exposed to salinities over 0.70 g/l was lower compared to larvae reared at lower salinity levels. Meanwhile increases in salinity more than 3.70 g/l caused extension in the hatching period. Larvae reared at salinity of 3.70 to 4.70 g/l had morphological abnormalities, such as distortion of tail.

关键词： acute toxicity Bufotes variabilis hatching rate road salt salinization survival

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Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 51-59页

作者： Liping Qiao Jianmin Chen Xin Yang Center for atmospheric Chemistry studies Department of Environmental Science 6r Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide （DMS） was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC-MS）, wide-range particle spectrometer （WPS） technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic （IC） analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation efficiency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide （SO2）, carbonyl sulfide （OCS）, dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, dimethyl sulfone （DMSO2） and dimethyl disulfide （DMDS） were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid （MSA）, sulfuric acid （H2SO4） and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O（1D）- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.

关键词： UV irradiation photodegradation dimethyl sulfide particulate pollutants odorous emission

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The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 91-106页

作者： Joana C.Prata Ana LPatrício Silva Armando CDuarte Teresa Rocha-Santos centre for environmental and Marine studies(CESAM)&Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal centre for environmental and Marine studies(CESAM)&Department of Biology University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

As a European Union(EU)member,Portugal must comply with reductions in plastic *** Portugal,the 330 items/100 m of beach litter,comprising up to 3.9 million pieces and of which 88%is plastic,is higher than the EU median(149 items/100 m)and must be reduced to 20 items/100 m(94%).Integrative measures are needed to reduce littering and improve plastics’use and disposal under the circular *** this 414 kt of plastic packaging waste,163 kt were declared plastic packaging,140 kt subjected to recycling,and 94 kt to energy *** current recycling rate of plastic packaging(34%)should be improved to reach EU recycling averages(42%)and goals and to provide widespread benefits,considering revenues of 167€/*** a net importer of waste,Portugal could benefit from the valorization of imported *** increased recycling,pyrolysis and gasification could provide short-term alternatives for producing value-added substances from plastic waste,such as hydrogen,consistent with the National Plan of Hydrogen and improving ongoing regulations on single-use *** manuscript provides an integrative view of plastics in Portugal,from use to disposal,providing specific recommendations under the circular economy.

关键词： Single-use plastics Plastic packaging Plastic waste Waste management Waste shipment Lightweight plastic bags

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Dynamics of land use change in a mining area:a case study of Nadowli District,Ghana

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第4期13卷 633-642页

作者： Laari Prosper BASOMMI GUAN Qing-feng CHENG Dan-dan Sudhir Kumar SINGH School of environmental studies China University of Geosciences Department of Environment and Resource studies UDS School of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences National Engineering Research Center of GIS China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of Geosciences K.Banerjee centre of atmospheric and Ocean studies IIDSNehru Science CentreUniversity of Allahabad

In a developing country like Ghana, the study of land use and land cover change(LULCC) based on satellite imageries still remains a challenge due to cost, resolution and availability with less skilled man power. Existing researches are skewed towards the southerly part of Ghana thereby leaving the Northern sectors uncovered. The maximum likelihood classification(MLC) algorithm was employed for the LULCC between 2000 and 2014 in Nadowli: an area characterized by an upsurge in mining in the Northern belt of Ghana. A spatial-social approach was utilized combining both satellite imagery and socio economic data. Land use transition matrix, land use integrated index/degree indices was used to depict the characters of the change. A semi structured interview, pair wise ranking and key informant interviews were used to correlate the socio economic impact of the different LULC. Overall changes in the landscape showed an increase in bare ground by 19.22%, open savannah by 16.8% whereas closed savanna decreased by 50%. Land use change matrix showed increasing trends of bare ground at the expense of vegetation. The integrated land use index highlighted the bare ground and built up areas rising with a decreasing closed vegetation woodlot. Large farm size are shrinking whiles majority of the people view mining as the main socio economic activity affecting the environment and the reduction in vegetation. This study therefore provides a strategic guide and a baseline data for land use policy actors in the Northern belt of Ghana. This will aid in developing models for future land use change implications in surrounding areas where mining is on the rise.

关键词： Land use Mining Vegetation Satellite imagery Maximum likelihood algorithm

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Emissions from the combustion of eucalypt and pine chips in a fluidized bed reactor

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 246-258页

作者： E.D.Vicente L.A.C.Tarelho E.R.Teixeira M.Duarte T.Nunes C.Colombi V.Gianelle G.O.da Rocha A.Sanchez de la Campa C.A.Alves centre for environmental and Marine studies Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro Regional centre for Air Quality Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Sector ARPA Federal University of Bahia Chemical Institute40170-290Campus de Ondina centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO) Joint Research Unit to CSIC "Atmospheric Pollution"University of HuelvaCampus El Carmen

Interest in renewable energy sources has increased in recent years due to environmental concerns about global warming and air pollution,reduced costs and improved efficiency of *** the European Union（EU）energy directive,biomass is a suitable renewable *** aim of this study was to experimentally quantify and characterize the emission of particulate matter（PM（2.5））resulting from the combustion of two biomass fuels（chipped residual biomass from pine and eucalypt）,in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed（BFB）combustor under distinct operating *** variables evaluated were the stoichiometry and,in the case of eucalypt,the leaching of the *** CO and PM（2.5）emission factors were lower when the stoichiometry used in the experiments was higher（0.33±0.1 g CO/kg and 16.8±1.0 mg PM（2.5）/kg,dry gases）.The treatment of the fuel by leaching before its combustion has shown to promote higher PM（2.5）emissions（55.2±2.5 mg/kg,as burned）.Organic and elemental carbon represented 3.1 to 30 wt.% of the particle mass,while carbonate（CO3^（2-））accounted for between 2.3 and 8.5 wt.%.The particulate mass was mainly composed of inorganic matter（71% to 86% of the PM（2.5）mass）.Compared to residential stoves,BFB combustion generated very high mass fractions of inorganic *** was the water soluble ion in higher concentration in the PM（2.5）emitted by the combustion of eucalypt,while calcium was the dominant water soluble ion in the case of pine.

关键词： Biomass Combustion Fluidized bed PM2.5emissions Chemical composition

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EFFECT OF INITIAL PERTURBATION OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第4期18卷 412-421页

作者：邓国周玉淑钟霖浩朱跃建理查德.沃巴斯魏谟政 National Meteorological centre Institute of atmospheric Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences NCEP environmental Modelling centre

Many studies have explored the importance and influence of planetary boundary layer processes on tropical cyclones (TCs). However, few studies have focused on the influence of land surface processes on the activity of TCs. To test the effect of initial perturbations of land surface processes on TCs, a land surface process perturbation module is built in a global ensemble prediction system. Ensemble experiments for the TCs that occurred from 12 UTC 22 August to 18 UTC 24 November, 2006 show that consideration of the uncertainties within the land surface process could increase the predictability of the global ensemble prediction system. Detailed analysis on TC Xangsane (2006) indicates that the perturbation of land surface processes may increase the variation of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. Meanwhile, the effect from land surface perturbation can be transferred to the upper atmosphere, which leads to better TC forecasts.

关键词： tropical cyclone land surface process initial perturbation ensemble prediction

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Experimental determination of Cd^2＋ adsorption mechanism on low-cost biological waste

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 356-364页

作者： Farhah Amalya ISMAIL Ahmad Zaharin ARIS environmental Forensics Research centre Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia

Carbonate shells have an astonishing ability in the removal of Cd^2＋ in a short time period with emphasis on being a low cost adsorbent. In the present study, the sorption capacity of carbonate shells was studied for Cd^2＋ in batch experiments. The influence of different carbonate shell sizes and physico-chemical factors were evaluated and the results were analyzed for its correlation matrices by using Predictive Analytics Software （PASW）. The miner- alogy state of aqueous solution regarding the saturation index was simulated using PHREEQC to identify the Cd^2＋ uptake mechanism. The Cd uptake rates were calculated as well as Ca^2＋, HCO3- concentration, pH, ambient humidity and temperature were measured. Cd2＋ removal of 91.52% was achieved after 5 h adsorption. The adsorption efficiencies were significantly influenced by pH as they increased with the increase of pH from acidic solution （5.50±0.02） to slightly alkaline （7.60±0.05）. In addition, the mineralogy state of aqueous solution calculated from PHREEQC confirmed that the increment of Ca^2＋ and HCO3- concentrations in solution was attributed to the dissolution of carbonate shells. Moreover, the ion exchange adsorption mechanism of Cd^2＋ toward Ca^2＋ was identified as the process involved in Cd^2＋ uptake.

关键词： carbonate shell cadmium heavy metal,adsorption mechanism saturation state

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