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Droplet digital microfluidic system for screening filamentous fungi based on enzymatic activity

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 97-112页

作者： Kenza Samlali Chiara Leal Alves Mara Jezernik Steve C.C.Shih Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada centre for applied synthetic biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada Department of Chemical Engineering and applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of biology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada

Fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes have great utility in the agricultural and food *** cell-wall-degrading enzymes are known to have functions that can help defend against pathogenic *** existing methods used to discover these enzymes are not well adapted to fungi culture and morphology,which prevents the proper evaluation of these *** report the first droplet-based microfluidic method capable of long-term incubation and low-voltage conditions to sort filamentous fungi inside nanoliter-sized *** new method was characterized and validated in solid-phase media based on colloidal chitin such that the incubation of single spores in droplets was possible over multiple days(2–4 days)and could be sorted without droplet *** long-term culture,we examined the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced by fungi during solid-state droplet fermentation using three highly sensitive fluorescein-based *** also used the low-voltage droplet sorter to select clones with highly active cell-wall-degrading enzymes,such as chitinases,β-glucanases,and β-Nacetylgalactosaminidases,from a filamentous fungi droplet library that had been incubated for>4 *** new system is portable,affordable for any laboratory,and user-friendly compared to classical droplet-based microfluidic *** propose that this system will be useful for the growing number of scientists interested in fungal microbiology who are seeking high-throughput methods to incubate and sort a large library of fungal cells.

关键词： system fluid culture

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Benchmarking two Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains for growth and transcriptional response to methanol

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synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2019年第4期4卷 180-188页

作者： Monica I.Espinosa Thomas C.Williams Isak S.Pretorius Ian T.Paulsen ARC centre of Excellence in synthetic biology Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSWAustralia CSIRO synthetic biology Future Science Platform CanberraACT2601Australia

One-carbon compounds,such as methanol,are becoming potential alternatives to sugars as feedstocks for the biological production of chemicals,fuels,foods,and *** biological production often requires extensive genetic manipulation of a microbial host strain,making well-characterised and geneticallytractable model organisms like the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae attractive targets for the engineering of methylotrophic *** strains S288C and *** are the two best-characterised and most widely used hosts for yeast synthetic biology and metabolic engineering,yet they have unpredictable metabolic phenotypes related to their many genomic *** therefore sought to benchmark these two strains as potential hosts for engineered methylotrophic metabolism by comparing their growth and transcriptomic responses to *** had improved growth in the presence of methanol relative to the S288C derivative *** *** transcriptome also had a specific and relevant response to methanol that was either absent or less pronounced in the BY4741 *** response included up-regulation of genes associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism,alcohol and formate dehydrogenation,glutathione metabolism,and the global transcriptional regulator of metabolism ***-expression of MIG3 enabled improved growth in the presence of methanol,suggesting that MIG3 is a mediator of the superior *** strain *** was therefore identified as a superior strain for the future development of synthetic methylotrophy in ***.

关键词： Yeast Methylotrophy synthetic biology Metabolic engineering MIG3 Methanol

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A survey of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in the environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 21-27页

作者： Louise K.M.Chow Timothy M.Ghaly Michael R.Gillings Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia ARC centre of Excellence in synthetic biology Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Antibiotics are poorly metabolized,and can enter the environment via human waste streams,agricultural run-off and pharmaceutical *** consequently expect to see a concentration gradient of antibiotic compounds radiating from areas of human *** antibiotics should be thought of as pollutants,as they can accumulate,and have biological *** antibiotic pollutants can increase rates of mutation and lateral transfer events,and continue to exert selection pressure even at sub-inhibitory ***,we conducted a literature survey on environmental concentrations of *** collated 887 data points from 40 peer-reviewed *** then determined whether these concentrations were biologically relevant by comparing them to their minimum selective concentrations,usually defined as between 1/4 and 1/230 of the minimum inhibitory *** concentrations of antibiotics surveyed often fall into this *** general,the antibiotic concentrations recorded in aquatic and sediment samples were *** findings indicate that environmental concentrations of antibiotics are likely to be influencing microbial ecology,and to be driving the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

关键词： Antimicrobial Pollution Evolution Microorganism Environment Antibiotic resistance

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Soma-germline communication drives sex maintenance in the Drosophila testis

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National Science Review 2024年第8期11卷 98-113页

作者： Rui Zhang Peiyu Shi Shuyang Xu Zhe Ming Zicong Liu Yuanyuan He Junbiao Dai Erika Matunis Jin Xu Qing Ma Shenzhen Key Laboratory of synthetic Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic GenomicsKey Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Cell biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

In adult gonads,disruption of somatic sexual identity leads to defective gametogenesis and ***,the underlying mechanisms by which somatic signals regulate germline cells to achieve proper gametogenesis remain *** our previous study,we introduced the chinmoSex Transformation(chinmoST)mutant Drosophila testis phenotype as a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms underlying sex *** chinmoSTtestes,depletion of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription downstream effector Chinmo from somatic cyst stem cells（CySCs） feminizes somatic cyst cells and arrests germline ***,we use single-cell RNA sequencing to uncover chinmoST-specific cell populations and their transcriptomic changes during sex *** analysis of intercellular communication networks between wild-type and chinmoSTtestes revealed disruptions in several soma-germline signaling pathways in ***,the insulin signaling pathway exhibited significant enhancement in germline stem cells（GSCs）.Chinmo cleavage under targets and tagmentation（CUT&Tag） assay revealed that Chinmo directly regulates two male sex determination factors,doublesex（dsx） and fruitless（fru）,as wellas Ecdysone-inducible gene L2（ImpL2）,a negative regulator of the insulin signaling *** genetic manipulations confirmed that the impaired gametogenesis observed in chinmoSTtestes was partly contributed by dysregulation of the insulin signaling *** summary,our study demonstrates that somatic sex maintenance promotes normal spermatogenesis through Chinmo-mediated conserved sex determination and the insulin signaling *** work offers new insights into the complex mechanisms of somatic stem cell sex maintenance and soma-germline communication at the single-cell ***,our discoveries highlight the potential significance of stem cell sex instability as a novel mechanism contributing to testicular tumorigene

关键词： Drosophila testis somatic stem cell sex conversion single-cell sequencing soma-germline communication insulin signaling

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Lanthanide complexes mediated coordinative chain transfer polymerization of conjugated dienes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第9期61卷 1286-1294页

作者： WANG Feng LIU Heng HU YanMing ZHANG XueQuan Key Laboratory of synthetic Rubber Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tremendous advances has been witnessed in the past few years in the lanthanide complexes mediated coordinative chain transfer polymerization(CCTP) of conjugated dienes. CCTP features catalyst economy, well-controlling over both microstructure and architecture of the resulting polymers, and accessibility for novel(co)polymers. This review highlights the recent progresses made in the field of CCTP of dienes. After a brief introduction, the body of this review is divided into three parts:(1) principle of CCTP;(2) coordinative chain transfer homopolymerization of dienes;(3) coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of *** the end, we present some challenges remaining in this area and our personal opinion regarding where this field should continue to develop. CCTP represents a novel strategy to prepare polydiene synthetic rubbers with controlled high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution, which has reached the practical industrial application level, demonstrating a great potential in industrialization.

关键词： coordinative chain transfer polymerization dienes lanthanide complexes

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An updated systematic review of Zika virus-linked complications

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 1-8页

作者： Braira Wahid Amjad Ali Muhammad Waqar Muhammad Idrees centre for applied Molecular biology University of the Punjab Genome centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics and Research centre Hazara University

Objective: To determine the breadth of Zika virus(ZIKV)-associated brain anomalies in neonates and adults. Methods: Systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) statement using electronic databases ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, and Global Health *** those research articles, case studies, case-control studies, case-cohort studies, crosssectional studies, and organizational survey reports were included in the study that reported any fetal outcomes for pregnant women who had infected with ZIKV during the gestational period and ZIKV-related neurological complications in adults as well. Results: Out of total 72 retrieved articles, 50 met the inclusion criteria. We estimated a significant increase in incidence of neural abnormalities such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in the regions that are experiencing ZIKV outbreaks. Other neurological malformations found in ZIKV patients include hydrancephaly/hydrops fetalis, myasthenia gravis,meningoencephalitis and myelitis. Conclusion: Our systematic analysis provides the broad spectrum of neurological malformations in ZIKV infected patients and these data further support the causal link of ZIKV with neurological disorders.

关键词： Zika virus Microcephaly Guillain-Barre syndrome Acute myelitis Meningoencephalitis hydrancephaly/hydrops fetalis Myasthenia gravis

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Advances in research on Zika virus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 301-312页

作者： Amjad Ali Braira Wahid Shazia Rafique Muhammad Idrees centre for applied Molecular biology University of the Punjab Vice Chancellor Hazara University

Zika virus(ZIKV) is rapidly spreading across the America and its devastating outcomes for pregnant women and infants have driven this previously ignored pathogen into the *** manifestations are fever,joint pain or rash and *** of ZIKV started with a first outbrcak in the Pacific arca in 2007.a second large outbreak occurred in the Pacific in 2013/2014 and subsequently the virus spread in other Pacific *** of explosive global pandemic and severe clinical complications linked with the more immediate and recurrent epidemics necessitate the development of an effective *** vaccine platforms such as DNA vaccine,recombinant subunit *** purified inactivated vaccine,and chimeric vaccines have shown potent efficacy in ritro and in rim ***,number of drugs such as ***008 and 7-DMA are ready to enter phase I clinical trial because of proven anti-ZIKV *** based antibodies offer promise as an intervention effective for use in pregnant *** this review,we describe the advances in research on ZIKV such as research strategies for the development of antiviral drugs & vaccines,molecular evolution,epidemiology emergence,neurological complications and other teratogenic outcomes as well as pathogenesis.

关键词： Zika virus Molecular evolution Neurological complications Transmission Diagnosis Pathogenesis

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synthetic biology in the UK-An outline of plans and progress

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synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第4期1卷 243-257页

作者： L.J.Clarke R.I.Kitney UK synthetic biology Leadership Council UK Department of BioEngineering Imperial CollegeUK Faculty of Life Sciences University of ManchesterUK BionerG UK EPSRC National centre for synthetic biology and Innovation UK Institute of Systems and synthetic biology UK BioMedical Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeUK BioMedical Systems EngineeringImperial CollegeUK

synthetic biology is capable of delivering new solutions to key challenges spanning the bioeconomy,both nationally and *** this significant potential and the associated need to facilitate its translation and commercialisation the UK government commissioned the production of a national synthetic biology Roadmap in 2011,and subsequently provided crucial support to assist its *** infrastructural investments have been made,and important strides made towards the development of an effectively connected community of practitioners and interest groups.A number of synthetic biology Research centres,DNA Synthesis Foundries,a centre for Doctoral Training,and an Innovation Knowledge centre have been established,creating a nationally distributed and integrated network of complementary facilities and *** UK synthetic biology Leadership Council published a UK synthetic biology Strategic Plan in 2016,increasing focus on the processes of translation and *** 50 start-ups,SMEs and larger companies are actively engaged in synthetic biology in the UK,and inward investments are starting to *** these initiatives provide an important foundation for stimulating innovation,actively contributing to international research and development partnerships,and helping deliver useful benefits from synthetic biology in response to local and global needs and challenges.

关键词： synthetic biology Engineering biology Biodesign Roadmap Responsible Research and Innovation(RRI) Innovation and Knowledge centre(IKC) synthetic biology Leadership Council(SBLC) Bioeconomy

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HCV genotype distribution and possible transmission risks in Lahore, Pakistan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4321-4328页

作者： Waqar Ahmad Bushra Ijaz Fouzia Tahir Javed Shah Jahan Imran Shahid Fawad Mumtaz Khan Sajida Hassan applied and Functional Genomics Lab Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab applied and Functional Genomics Lab Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punja Department of Pathology Jinnah Hospital Plastic Surgery Department Mayo Hospital

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their association with possible transmission routes in the general population of Lahore, as the data exclusively related to this city is limited. METHODS: Complete data regarding patient's history, possible route of infection and biochemical tests was collected from the public hospital for 1364 patients. SPSS version 16 windows software was used for data analysis by univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Age range ≤ 40 years showed high prevalence of HCV infection. HCV genotype 3a was dominant (55.9%), followed by 1a (23.6%), 4a (12.5%), 3b (3.2%), untypable (2.5%), 4b (1.2%) and mixed type (1.2%). Blood transfusion, dental surgery and barber shops were the main risk factors for HCV transmission. Genotype prevalence was independent of age (P = 0.971) and gender (P = 0.122) while risk factors showed a significant association with age (P = 0.000) and genotypes (P = 0.000). We observed an independent association of risk factors and genotype 3a, while patients with genotype 1 and 4 were mostly infected due to dental surgery blood transfusion and barber shops. Risk factors of intravenous drug use and sexual exposure were exclusively found in ≤ 40 years age group. CONCLUSION: An increase in genotypes 1a and 4a suggest migration of people, possibly from Balochistan and the northern war-zone area. Government should focus on public education regarding infection routes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Prevalence Genotypes Risk factors Lahore

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Iron catalyzed Michael addition: Chloroferrate ionic liquids as efficient catalysts under microwave conditions

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1614-1619页

作者： VASILOIU Maria GAERTNER Peter BICA Katharina Institute of applied synthetic Chemistry Vienna University of Technology Vienna A-1060 Austria

The iron containing ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate （[C4mim]C1/FeCl3; Z = 0.5） proved to be an efficient catalyst for the solvent-free metal catalyzed Michael addition of β-keto esters and enones. Due to the ionic structure of the catalyst, a significant acceleration of the reaction rate was observed under microwave conditions. Furthermore, recycling of the ionic liquid catalyst could be performed after simply distilling off the products.

关键词： ionic liquids iron catalysis michael addition lewis acid microwave chemistry

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