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Plumage assisted divergence in a vocally complex island endemic:The Dicrurus paradiseus species complex in Sri Lanka

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 533-544页

作者： Sanjaya Weerakkody Eben Goodale Vimukthi R.Gunasekara Yang Liu Praveen Karanth Sampath S.Seneviratne Avian Sciences&conservation Department of Zoology and Environment SciencesUniversity of ColomboColombo 03Sri Lanka Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanningGuangxiChina Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityChina centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India

Models of allopatric speciation within an island biogeographic framework suggest that the division of ancestral mainland populations leads to one or more allopatric island species predominantly through natural and sexual selection or genetic *** we studied phenotypic divergence in a phylogenetic framework in the Dicrurus paradiseus allospecies complex in Sri Lanka,a continental island located in the Indian plate,to understand the complexity of phenotypic divergence on an *** of the genus Dicrurus are known as drongos and are conserved in morphology and plumage,but highly variable in vocalization due to vocal learning and *** closely related drongos are found in Sri Lanka:the endemic ***(or *** lophorinus to many authors)found in the wet zone of the island and the widespread continental species ***,which inhabits the dry *** from all major populations,and voucher specimens from museums across their range in Sri Lanka,we examined phenotypic and genetic variation in this *** phenotype showed two clusters:birds with a fish-like tail and erect crest(***),and birds with elongated tail streamers with backwardly curved crest(***).There was no significant difference in the vocal traits *** genetic variation was examined using two nuclear(Myo 2 and c-mos)and two mitochondrial(ND2 and Cytb)loci and the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using the Bayesian inference coalescent-based species tree estimation *** quantitative criteria for species delimitation provided a score sufficient to consider these two taxa as distinct species by considering measurements of body and plumage,acoustics,behaviour and *** phylogeny supports distinct species status for the Sri Lanka Drongo(Dicrurus lophorinus)and that the *** and *** sister pair diverged since 1.35 *** variation in the crest and the tail plumage(components of phenotype)were the main contrib

关键词： Allospecies Dicrurus lophorinus Drongo Island biogeography Speciation

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Understanding bat ecosystem services on a global scale requires caution and wider collaboration:a critical evaluation of Ramírez-Fráncel et al.(2022)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 385-390页

作者： Krizler C.TANALGO Kim MCCONKEY Paul RACEY Sheema Abdul AZIZ Tuanjit SRITONGCHUAY Alice CHUGHES Tammy MILDENSTEIN Center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham MalaysiaSemenyihSelangorMalaysia centre for ecology and conservation University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom Project Pteropus RimbaKuala LumpurMalaysia Helmholtz-centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Computational Landscape EcologyLeipzigGermany ecology and conservation Research Laboratory(Eco/Con Lab) Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoKabacanNorth CotabatoPhilippines Department of Biology Cornell CollegeMount VernonIowaUSA School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Global biodiversity is currently in the midst of the sixth mass extinction,and countless species and their key ecosystem services are threatened across different habitats(Vos et al.2015).Constructive actions to address the negative impacts of changing conditions require rigorous biodiversity data integration and synthesis to inform effective policy-making decisions(Heberling et al.2021).Care is needed to ensure objectivity and remove biases in analyses to avoid generating misleading ***,Ramírez-Fráncel et al.(2022)published a review offering an update on the vital ecosystem services of bats on a global *** applaud the authors for their attempt to conduct an extremely challenging large-scale analysis in major areas of bat ecosystem services.

关键词： services global offering

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Improving ecosystem services in farmlands:beginning of a long-term ecological study with restored flower-rich grasslands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 399-405页

作者： András Báldi Raoul Pellaton Áron Domonkos Bihaly Viktor Szigeti Eszter Lellei-Kovács András Máté Miklós Sárospataki Zoltán Soltész LászlóSomay AnikóKovács-Hostyánszki Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group Institute of Ecology and BotanyCentre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary Department of Zoology and ecology Institute of Wildlife Management and Nature ConservationHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesGödöllőHungary Dorcadion Ltd KecskemétHungary

Biodiversity declines in an unprecedented way,mostly due to land use *** interventions proved to be one of the most effective tools to halt the decline,especially in ecosystems such as agricultural ***-based,locally adapted recommendations on grassland restoration,however,are often missing,so we present a novel approach for such interventions that can be implemented anywhere and that are based on scientific *** a recently started long-term field ecological study,we established 0.5 ha wildflower parcels,using a diverse local seed mixture of 32 insect-visited plant species in Central European agricultural landscapes in *** focus is on the landscape-scale effects of this ecological intensification on ecosystem services such as crop yield,pollination and pest control,and the long-term monitoring of the successional *** aim is to showcase an effective restoration protocol that could serve as a model for future farm management,and provide much-needed evidence for policy on landscape ecological restoration of international relevance.

关键词： Ecological intensification field experiment protocol restoration wildflower strip

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Dietary exposure to di-isobutyl phthalate increases urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine level and affects reproductive function in adult male mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 14-23页

作者： Yitao Pan Xiaoyang Wang Leo W.Y.Yeung Nan Sheng Qianqian Cui Ruina Cui Hongxia Zhang Jiayin Dai Key Laboratory of Animal ecology and conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Man-Technology-Environment Research centre (MTM) School of Science and Technology Orebro University Orebro SE -70182 Sweden

Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine（5mdC, a product of methylated DNA）. In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate（DiBP）/（kg·day） via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate（Mi BP, the urinary metabolite） and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine（5hmdC） were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme（P450scc） gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates.

关键词： Di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP) 'Reproductive function' 5-Methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC) 'Testosterone 'Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) methylation

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Comparison of locomotor behaviour between white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Franois' langurs T. franoisi in Fusui,China

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 9-19页

作者： Jinrong XIONG Shihua GONG Chenggang QIU Zhaoyuan LI Faculty of conservation Biology Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China Department of Wildlife conservation Guangxi Forestry Bureau Nanning 530022 China Biodiversity and Nature conservation centre Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China

We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs *** to test two hypotheses：（1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills, and （2） Francois＇ langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui Nature Reserve, Guangxi, and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types, but Francois＇ langurs had more locomotor modes （26） than white-headed langurs （12）. Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types, and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Francois＇ langurs. We suggest that, while keeping their ancestral locomotor types, the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs, Francois＇ langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome, Francois＇ langurs have a larger distribution range .

关键词： Locomotor behaviour Evolution White-headed langurs Francois' langurs

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Soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass C and N Availability in a Sandy Soil Amended with Clay and Residue Mixtures

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 643-651页

作者： Sharmistha PAL Petra MARSCHNER ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water conservation Research Centre School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Crop yields in sandy soils can be increased by addition of clay-rich soil, but little is known about the effect of clay addition on nutrient availability after addition of plant residues with different C/N ratios. A loamy sandy soil （7% clay） was amended with a clay-rich subsoil （73% clay） at low to high rates to achieve soil mixtures of 12%, 22%, and 30% clay, as compared to a control （sandy soil alone） with no clay addition. The sandy-clay soil mixtures were amended with finely ground plant residues at 10 g kg-l： mature wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 68, mature faba bean （Vicia faba L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 39, or their mixtures with different proportions （0% 100%, weight percentage） of each straw. Soil respiration was measured over days 0-45 and microbial biomass C （MBC）, available N, and pH on days 0, 15, 30, and 45. Cumulative respiration was not clearly related to the C/N ratio of the residues or their mixtures, but C use efficiency （cumulative respiration per unit of MBC on day 15） was greater with faba bean than with wheat and the differences among the residue mixtures were smaller at the highest clay addition rate. The MBC concentration was lowest in sole wheat and higher in residue mixtures with 50% of wheat and faba bean in the mixture or more faba bean. Soil N availability and soil pH were lower for the soil mixtures of 22% and 30% clay compared to the sandy soil alone. It could be concluded that soil cumulative respiration and MBC concentration were mainly influenced by residue addition, whereas available N and pH were influenced by clay addition to the sandy soil studied.

关键词： available N C use efficiency C/N ratio cumulative respiration nutrient availability pH plant residues

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Foliar Particulate Matter Distribution in Urban Road System of Beijing, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第4期29卷 591-600页

作者： BAO Le MA Keming XU Xiaowu YU Xinxiao Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Particulate matter(PM), one of the most important pollutants of traffic emission, threatens the health of urban ecosystems and citizens. Roadside trees play an important role in trapping PM, and the foliar PM load is a useful indicator for air PM pollution in road systems. To detect the relationships of foliar PM load with road structures, urbanization, and meteorology in road systems, we studied a widely-planted tree Sophora japonica L. in 100 roads and 10 yards of Beijing, China, and found that the foliar PM loads increased with the distances from the urban centre(DUC) linearly, while decreased with the road density. All-subsets regression analysis indicated that DUC, average monthly relative humidity, average monthly wind speed, and mean annual wind speed were the most important factors in predicting foliar PM load, rather than general situation of buildings and road cleanliness. The monthly relative humidity and monthly wind speed had a negative correlation to foliar PM, while the annual relative humidity and annual wind speed had a positive correlation to foliar PM. Suburban areas and these effective factors should be highlighted in PM control in Beijing.

关键词： distance from the urban centre road width road density relative humidity wind speed number of lanes roadside tree road cleanliness

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Do animal eyespots really mimic eyes？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 26-36页

作者： Martin STEVENS Graeme D RUXTON centre for ecology & conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK School of Biology University of St Andrews Dyers Brae House St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH UK

The diversity of anti-predator adaptations in the natural world has long been an active area of research in evolutionary and behavioural biology. A common visually-obvious feature found on prey are ＇eyespots＇, being approximately circular mark- ings often with concentric rings and conspicuous colours. These are found on a range of animals, especially adult and larval Lepidoptera and fish. One of the most widespread functions of eyespots seems to be to intimidate or startle predators： delaying, preventing or halting an attack. However, while the fact that they can influence predators in this way is tmcuntroversial, the mechanism（s） behind why they are effective is debated. Traditionally, they have been assumed to work by mimicking the eyes of the predator＇s own enemies, and much research in this field is conducted under the implicit or explicit assumption that this theory is correct. However, eyespots might work simply by being highly salient stimuli that promote sensory overload, biases, or neo- phobic reactions in predators. A range of recent studies has aimed to test these alternatives. Here, we critically evaluate this work and what it tells us about the mechanisms underlying eyespot function. We conclude that although eye mimicry is plausible, there remains a lack of evidence to support it and most observations are at least equally consistent with alternative mechanisms. Finally we also discuss how the debate can be resolved

关键词： Eyespots Predation Animal coloration Mimicry Warning signals

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Defining 'science-based targets'

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 17-20页

作者： Inger Andersen Naoko Ishii Thomas Brooks Cynthia Cummis Gustavo Fonseca Astrid Hillers Nicholas Macfarlane Nebojsa Nakicenovic Kevin Moss Johan Rockstr?m rew Steer Dominic Waughray Caroline Zimm United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Facility International Union for conservation of Nature World Resources Institute International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research conservation International Stockholm Resilience centre World Economic Forum centre for Global Public Goods

The 2015 Paris Agreement to keep global warming well below 2?C above pre-industrial levels and aim towards limiting warming to 1.5?C marked a watershed in planetary governance, for two reasons. First, of course, it se...

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Dynamic study of infiltration rate for soils with varying degrees of degradation by water erosion

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2019年第2期7卷 167-175页

作者： Yujie Wei Xinliang Wu Jinwen Xia Rubing Zeng Chongfa Cai Tianwei Wang Key Laboratory of Arable Land conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)of the Ministry of Agriculture Soil and Water Conservation Research CentreCollege of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Ultisols,widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of south China,are suffering from serious water erosion,however,slope hydrological process for Ultisols under different erosional degradation levels in field condition has been scarcely *** rainfall simulation at two rainfall intensities (120 and 60 mm/h) were performed on pre-wetted Ultisols with four erosion degrees (non,moderate,severe and very-severe),and the hydrological processes of these soils were *** variation of soil infiltration was contributed by the interaction of erosion degree and rainfall intensity (p 30%,p < 0.05).The temporal erodibility of surface soil and soil detachment rate were significantly and negatively correlated with infiltration rate (r <-0.32,p < 0.05),but less significant correlation was observed between sediment concentration and infiltration rate for most soils,especially at the high rainfall *** variation of surface texture and soil compactness generated by erosion degradation was the intrinsic predominant factors for the change of infiltration process of *** obtained results will facilitate the understanding of hydrological process for degraded lands,and provide useful knowledge in managing crop irrigation and soil erosion.

关键词： Soil infiltration Rainfall simulation Erosional degradation Soil texture Water erosion

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