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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacities of Two Medicinal Plants Used against Urinary Infections in Burkina Faso

Advances in Microbiology 2022年第12期12卷 671-683页

作者： Sami Eric Kam Roland Nâg-Tiéro Meda Soufiane domalick Sanou Windmi Kagambega Clarisse Ouedraogo Franck Téounviel Somda Isaac Saamou Boni Eliasse Zongo daniel Kobo Gnada Azouman da Benjamin Kouliga Koama Hermann Yempabou Ouoba Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Laboratoire de recherche et d’enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de recherche en Bactériologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Médicine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. and Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR. Methodology: The crude hydro-acetonic and aqueous extracts as well their fractionations were prepared. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin acid methods, respectively. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated using standard methods. Results: Euphorbia hirta showed significant contents of total phenolic and flavonoids in n-Butanol (145.14 ± 1.37 GAE/100mg extracts) and ethyl acetate (23.56 ± 0.68 mg QE/ 100mg extracts) fractions. Total tannins were high in hydro-acétonique extract (11.18 ± 0.31 mg TAE/100mg extracts) and aqueous fraction (11.12 ± 0.28 mg TAE/100mg extracts) of Terminalia avicennioides stem barks. Extracts and fractions of both plants demonstrated a strongly antioxidant capacity through the free radicals scavenging and the ferric ions reducing. Concerning antimicrobial screening the extracts of Terminalia avicennioides were effective against 16 causative pathogens of urinary tract infections. Bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus and 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains was found with aqueous fraction of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. This fraction also highlighted a synergetic effect with some antibiotics used against these bacterial strains. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides leaves could be recommended as an herbal drug formulation for the urinary infections management.

关键词： Antimicrobial Antioxidant Euphorbia hirta L. Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR Urinary Infections

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Bacterial Community diversity of a Congolese Traditional Fermented Food, “Pandé”, Revealed by Illumina Miseq^TM Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 387-405页

作者： C. P. Limingui Polo A. A. Lebonguy A. E. Lembella Boumba S. A. E. Nzaou M Bokamba Moukala J. Goma-Tchimbakala M. diatewa Institut national de recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Brazzaville Congo Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Brazzaville Congo Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’agronomie et de Foresterie Brazzaville Congo Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Brazzaville Congo

Pandé is a Congolese fermented food produced from fruit pulps of raffia palm. The aim of this study was to explore the diversities in bacterial communities in the unfermented pulps (control) (PNFL) and fermented pulps obtained from fruits using boiling (PMF) and purchased at markets in Brazzaville (PFL) and using Illumina MiSeqTM sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. A total number of 157,054 sequences was obtained and grouped into 737 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These were classified into 13 phyla, 26 classes, 48 orders, 96 families and 176 genera. At the phylum level, the most frequent bacterial communities were: for PFM, Proteobacteria (38.94%) and Firmicutes (19.37%);for PFL, Firmicutes (69.10%) and Proteobacteria (30.89%);for PNFL, Firmicutes (84.92%) and Proteobacteria (14.22%). were the most frequent in PFL, while Acidobacteria (40.02%), Proteobacteria (38.94%) and Firmicutes (19.37%) were preponderant in PFM. Firmicutes (84.92%) and Proteobacteria (14.22%) were the most common in unfermented pulps (PNFL). Lactobacillus (47.70%) and Gluconobacter genera (15.33%) were the most represented in the PFL sample. Acidipila (35.56%) and Rhizomicrobium (11.41%) were preponderant genera in the PFM sample. Weissella genus was the most frequent in the PNFL sample. Hierarchical cluster indicated that the samples could be grouped into two groups of different origins. PCA showed that main genera were higher in the fermented samples. The diversity was higher in the fermented pulps or Pandé than in the unfermented pulps. Pandé can be a potential source for the isolation of bacteria with biotechnological potential.

关键词： diversity Pandé Bacterial Community Fermented Food Raffia Palm

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Microbiological Quality of Fresh and Grilled Mutton Sold in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 986-1000页

作者： Zoénabo douamba Abel Tankoano donatien Kaboré diarra Compaore-Sereme Mahamoudou Ouédraogo Pingdwindé Marie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando Adama Paré Mamadou Hama dicko Hagrétou Sawadogo/Lingani Institut de recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT)/centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie Biotechnologie Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition (LABIOTAN) UFR/SVT Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Ouagadougou, grilled meats in the form of pieces and brochettes are very popular and well-known to consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial quality of mutton meat sold in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 120 samples were collected from 20 meat grillers 60 samples of fresh meat and 60 samples of grilled meat. The sampling was done between the month of August 2018 and the month of February 2019. The samples were analyzed according to standard methods. The test performed were counts of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (AMB), yeasts and molds, enterobacteria, Campylobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Brucella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the search for salmonella, and the detection of antibiotics residues. Results showed a high count of AMB (8.77 and 6.78 log UFC/g);enterobacteria (6.58 and 3.05 log UFC/g), Staphylococcus aureus (6.45 and 4.35 log UFC/g), Bacillus cereus (6.98 and 4.52 log UFC/g), Campylobacter (6.03 and 3.86 log UFC/g), yeasts and molds (4.80 and 3.26 log UFC/g) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.45 and 0.15 log UFC/g), respectively in fresh meat and grilled meat. Presumptive Salmonella was found in 95% of fresh meat samples and in 75% of grilled meat samples. In the tested samples, no Brucella spp were detected. However, residues of antibiotics were found in 5% of fresh meat samples and 5% of grilled meat samples. Means of moisture and pH were respectively 74.91% and 6.05% for fresh meat and 53.21% and 6.06% for grilled meat. The average microbial counts recorded in fresh and grilled meat are significantly high and indicate poor hygiene in the raw material and ready-to-eat meat. Good practices of hygiene and processing guides should be developed for the meat grilling value chain actors to reduce contamination risks.

关键词： Meat Mutton Grilling Microbial Quality

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Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in intensive care unit

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第4期3卷 303-312页

作者： Loic Le Guennec Nicolas Weiss département de neurologie Sorbonne UniversitéAP-HP Sorbonne UniversitéHôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreUnitéde Médecine Intensive Réanimationàorientation neurologiqueParis 75013France Groupe de recherche Clinique en REanimation et Soins intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire aiguE(GRC-RESPIRE)Sorbonne Université Paris 75013France Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière(BLIPS)Study Group INSERM UMR_S 938Centre de recherche Saint-AntoineMaladies métaboliquesBiliaires et fibro-inflammatoire du foieInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition(ICAN)Paris 75013France

The central nervous system is characterized by a peculiar vascularization termed blood–brain barrier(BBB),which regulates the exchange of cells and molecules between the cerebral tissue and the whole *** dysfunction is a life-threatening condition since its presence corresponds to a marker of severity in most diseases encountered in the intensive care unit(ICU).during critical illness,inflammatory response,cytokine release,and other phenomena activating the brain endothelium contribute to alterations in the BBB and increase its permeability to solutes,cells,nutrients,and ***,patients in the ICU are often old,with underlying acute or chronic diseases,and overly medicated due to their critical condition;these factors could also contribute to the development of BBB *** accurate diagnostic approach is critical for the identification of the mechanisms underlying BBB alterations,which should be rapidly managed by *** methods were developed to investigate the BBB and assess its ***,in humans,exploration of the BBB requires the use of indirect *** and biochemical methods can be used to study the abnormal passage of molecules through the *** this review,we describe the structural and functional characteristics of the BBB,present tools and methods for probing this interface,and provide examples of the main diseases managed in the ICU that are related to BBB dysfunction.

关键词： Blood–brain barrier ICU hepatic encephalopathy delirium Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) Acute bacterial meningitis

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Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding Knowledge and Practices in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-dioulasso: Before and after Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 175-199页

作者： Alain Hien Jérome W. Somé Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Augustin N. Zeba Isidore Traoré Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de recherche et d’enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre National de recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé/direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention aiming to improve the knowledge and practices of under 5 years children’s mothers on infant and young child feeding in peri urban areas of Bobo-dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-dioulasso were surveyed before and after the intervention using the FAO questionnaire for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge and practices assessment in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on mothers’ infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of the mothers were between 20 and 29 years old. All indicators used to assess the mothers’ knowledge of breastfeeding and complementary feeding significantly improved after the intervention (all p-values d feeding practices, half of the indicators (early breastfeeding initiation, age of complementary feeding initiation, and minimum meal frequency) significantly increased (all p = 0.001) while two indicators (minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet) did not change (p = 0.06 and 0.67) after the intervention. Finally, continued breastfeeding, significantly declined after the intervention (73.3% vs 86.0% p = 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention improved the mothers’ knowledge on breastfeeding and complementary feeding and some child feeding practices. This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention to increase maternal knowledge and practices.

关键词： Nutrition Intervention Mothers’ Nutrition Knowledge Child Feeding Practices

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Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the Sahel

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 110-121页

作者： Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn Ousmane Ndiaye Sylvanus Mensah Cofélas Fassinou Simon Taugourdeau Torbern Tagesson Paulo Salgado African Center of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and biodiversity Conservation Haramaya University dispositif en Partenariat 《 P?le Pastoralisme et Zones Sèches 》 Route du Front de Terre BP 2057 P?le de Recherche de Hann ISRA centre de recherches Zootechniques de dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Chair of Forest Growth and dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département BV Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop UMR SELMet CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Univ Montpellier department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen

Background The savannah ecosystems of Sahel have experienced continuous and heavy grazing of livestock for centuries but still, their vegetation response to grazing pressure remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the herbaceous plant dynamics, measured by species diversity, composition, cover, and biomass in response to grazing pressure in the savannah ecosystems of Sahel. In Senegal, we selected four savannah sites represented with high, moderate, light and no grazing intensity levels. Transect survey methods were used for sampling the vegetation data within each of the sites. Species richness and composition were analysed using species accumulation curve and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, we used General Linear Models and a piecewise Structural Equation Model(p SEM) to examine the relationships between grazing intensity, vegetation cover, diversity and *** The herbaceous species diversity and composition varied significantly among the different grazing intensity levels(p d from the dominance of grass cover to the dominance of forb cover with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, the attributes of species diversity, herbaceous biomass, and ground cover were higher on sites with low grazing than sites with high and moderate grazing intensity. Across all sites, species diversity was positively related to total biomass. The p SEM explained 37% of the variance in total biomass and revealed that grazing intensity negatively influenced total biomass both directly and indirectly through its negative influence on species *** Managing grazing intensity may lead to higher plant production and higher mixed forage establishment in the dryland savannah ecosystems. This information can be used to support land management strategies and promote sustainable grazing practices that balance the needs of livestock with the conservation of ecosystem health and biodiversity.

关键词： Biomass biodiversity diodella sarmentosa Forb Grazing intensity Invasive species Pastoral ecosystem Senegal West Africa

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Liver X receptors and epididymal epithelium physiology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 574-582页

作者： Fabrice Saez Eléore Chabory Rémi Cadet Patrick Vernet Silvère Baron2 Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro Joeol R. drevet Laboratoire Epididyme et Maturation des Gamètes and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d＇Auvergne Université Blaise Pascal CNRS UMR 6547 Aubiere Cedex 63177 France Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et d＇endocrinologie Moléculaire and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d＇Auvergne Université Blaise Pascal CNRS UMR 6547 Aubiere Cedex 63177 France

Aim： To investigate the roles of liver X receptors （LXR） in the lipid composition and gene expression regulation in the murine caput epididymidis. LXR are nuclear receptors for oxysterols, molecules derived from cholesterol metabolism that are present in mammals as two isoforms： LXRα, which is more specifically expressed in lipid-metabolising tissues, such as liver, adipose and steroidogenic tissues, and macrophages, whereas LXRβ is ubiquitous. Their importance in reproductive physiology has been sustained by the fact that male mice in which the function of both LXR has been disrupted have fertility disturbances starting at the age of 5 months, leading to complete sterility by the age of 9 months. These defects are associated with epididymal epithelial degeneration in caput segments one and two, and with a sperm midpiece fragility, leading to the presence of isolated sperm heads and flagella when luminal contents are recovered from the cauda epididymidis. Methods： The lipid composition of the caput epididymidis of wild-type and LXR-deficient mice was assessed using oil red O staining on tissue cryosections and lipid extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography. Gene expression was checked by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Results： Using LXR-deficient mice, we showed an alteration of the lipid composition of the caput epididymidis as well as a significantly decreased expression of the genes encoding SREBPlc, SCd1 and SCd2, involved in fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion： Altogether, these results show that LXR are important regulators of epididymal function, and play a critical role in the lipid maturation processes occurring during sperm epididymal maturation. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 574-582）

关键词： epididymis liver X receptors nuclear receptors lipids cholesterol gene expression

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On-Station and On-Farm Assessment of the Effects of Soil Cover on Conservation Agriculture Performances in Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第8期12卷 339-362页

作者： Kalifa Coulibaly Baba Ouattara Souleymane Ouédraogo Nadine Andrieu Hassan B. Nacro Laboratoire d’etude et de recherche et sur la Fertilité du sol (LERF) Institut du Développement Rural (IDR) Université Nazi BONI (UNB) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre International de recherche développement sur L’élevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRdeS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de l’environnement et de recherche Agricole (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre de Coopération Internationale en recherche Agronomique Pour le développement (CIRAd) Montpellier France

Conservation agriculture (CA) is one option for dealing with such a challenge, but its main difficulty in West Africa is in maintaining permanent soil cover, particularly with crop residues, due to their preferential use for livestock fodder. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of crop residue mulching on the efficiency of cropping systems based on the principles of conservation agriculture. The experimental design was based on on-station experiments, intended to assess the specific effect of different levels of crop residue mulching on the biological and chemical soil fertility parameters, while in on-farm experiments we mainly assessed the ability of farmers to actually collect crop residues for soil cover and the associated effects on weeds and yields. The on-station experimental design was in fully randomized factorial blocks comprising five treatments and three replicates. The treatments compared the conventional system, tillage and cropping without mulching, and CA systems with 1 ton, 2 tons, and 4 tons of straw per hectare in plots of 10 m2. The effects of CA on the macrofauna, respiratory activity, and soil chemical parameters were evaluated in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. For the on-farm experiments, the conventional and CA practices of 15 farmers were compared to conventional practices in 2013 and 2014 in plots of 626 m2. The on-station results showed that the presence of crop residue mulching induced an increase in the density of termites. A significant release of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the CA treatments compared to the conventional treatment was also observed. For the chemical parameters (pH, N, P and K) were significantly and positively affected by mulch in the top 5 centimeters of soil. The on-farm experiments confirmed the difficulty of farmers in collecting enough biomass, with negative effects on grass cover leading to generally lower yields than conventional treatments. Other practices also affec

关键词： Mulching Macrofauna Soil Respiratory Activity Chemical Fertility Conservation Agriculture

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Generalized Van der Waals Equation for Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in a Stationary Gravitational Field

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2021年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： Makokiyu Godlove Akumbom Georges Collince Fouokeng Martin Tchoffo Lukong Cornelius Fai Unité de recherche de Matiere Condensée d’Electronique et de Traitement de Signal (URMACETS) Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon centre d’etudes et de recherche en agronomie et en biodiversité Faculté d’Agronomie et des Sciences Agricoles (FASA) Université de Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The behavior of liquids undergoing phase transition in the gravitational field is studied by considering the generalized Van der Waals equation. Considering the two simple models for liquid-vapor boundary of a pure classical fluid, the generalized Van der Waals equation shows how the three critical parameters (critical temperature, critical volume and critical pressure), suffice to describe the reduced state parameters (reduced temperature, reduced volume and reduced pressure), the concentration profile and the liquid-vapor boundary position, which can be used to observe transition phenomenon. This model shows how the form of the equation can influence the vertical phase separation induced by the stationary gravitational field, and on the gas condensation effects.

关键词： Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition Gravitational Field Classical Fluid Concentration Profile

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Semantics for linking data from 4d BIM to digital collaborative support

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2022年第1期9卷 104-116页

作者： Calin BOJE Veronika BOLSHAKOVA Annie GUERRIERO Sylvain KUBICKI Gilles HALIN Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology(LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-ForneauxEsch-sur-AlzetteL-4362Luxemburg UMR n°3495 Modèles et Simulations pour l’Architecture et le Patrimoine centre de recherche en Architecture et Ingénierie(MAP-CRAI) 1 Rue Bastien LepageNancy54000France Universitéde Lorraine(UL) Nancy54000France

Synchronous collaboration sessions within the context of 4d BIM position construction professionals into a complex socio—technical *** system includes hardware,software,people,and broader community *** article strictly focuses on the ontology representation of synchronous collaboration sessions with collocated collective *** model is designed by considering various 4d BIM model uses while a digital multiuser touch table facilitates the collaboration between *** outlined ontological model aims to improve interoperability and to move toward a knowledge-driven,smart-built environment paradigm.A knowledge engineering methodology is outlined,by virtue of which the semantics of the presented model are defined and *** from nearby knowledge fields,especially from the Industry Foundation Classes,are *** examples on querying the knowledge base according to the project meeting requirements are outlined to demonstrate the benefits of using the *** 4d BIM model data can be imported by using standard formats,capturing data about the social context remains a challenge in the *** is expected to change the ontology model structure by considering user ergonomics,data modeling requirements,as well as technical implementation constraints.

关键词： 4d BIM ontology IFC decision-making linked data collaboration planning

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