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In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 355-368页

作者： Mickael Lafond Bernard Bouza Sandrine Eyrichine Friedrich Rouffineau Luc Saulnier Thierry Giardina Estelle Bonnin Aurélie Preynat iSm2-BiosCiences UMR 7313 Aix Marseille Université Adisseo France S.A.S. Centre d'Expertise et de Recherche en Nutrition INRA UR 1268-BiopolymeresInteractions-Assemblages

Background： The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatifis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat- based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β（1,4）-xylanases. In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, Xynd and XynB from families GH10 and GHll respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. Results： Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. Polysaccharide degradation appeared to occur mainly at the jejunal level and was higher with Isengrain than with Caphorn. For both cultivars, Xynd and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. Conclusions： The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that Xynd and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy.

关键词： in vitro TNO gastrointestinal model-1 Talaromyces versatilis Wheat cultivars XynB Xynd

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Safety of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae Leaves Grown in Benin

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 36-50页

作者： Germaine Sènandjro Gnintoungbe Thierry C. Marc Medehouenou Ferdinand Adounkpe Casimir Akpovi Frédéric Loko Unité de recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC) Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire National des Stupéfiants et de Toxicologie (LNST) Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation (CBRSI) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Bénin

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) AW Hill Apiaceae (Parsley) is a plant species commonly used for its culinary value, but little is known about its phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to deepen knowledge of the Petroselinum crispum leaves (LPc) grown and consumed in Benin. The phytochemical screening of the LPc powder was done according to the method of Houghton and Raman at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils of the Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences in Benin. The antioxidant activity (IC50) was evaluated by the dPPH reduction test. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical groups such as catechin tannins, gallic tannins, flavones, saponins, mucilages, coumarins, reducing agents and O-heterosides with reduced genins in the LPc powder. The aqueous extract of LPc showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 63.66 μg/mL and was found to be less active than ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.111 μg/mL). No acute oral toxicity was observed and the Ld50 of the aqueous extract of LPc is estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in the Wistar rat. The absence of toxicity, its antioxidant activity associated with its richness in active ingredients makes Petroselinum crispum a promising species suitable for safe long-term use as food.

关键词： Parsley Phytochemistry Antioxidant Properties Toxicity Wistar Rat

Evaporation and Combustion of a drop of Liquid Fuel—A Review

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Smart Grid and Renewable energy 2022年第2期13卷 28-54页

作者： dabilgou Téré Tubreoumya Guy Christian Haro Kayaba Bagre Boubou Sandwidi Sayouba daho Tizane Koulidiati Jean Sanogo Oumar Zeghmati Belkacem Bere Antoine Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physiques (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan via Domitia Perpignan France centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The accelerated depletion of oil reserves and the often exorbitant cost of fossil fuels contribute to the development of fuels from renewable sources. The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the properties of renewable fuels on their evaporation in natural convection, their combustion and their use in internal combustion engines. A summary of the various numerical and experimental works from the literature has been presented in this work. This work focuses on the numerical modelling of the natural convection evaporation of an isolated drop of a liquid fuel in natural convection. The transfers in the liquid and vapour phases are described by the conservation equations of mass and species, momentum and energy. The main feature of this work is the consideration of advection, azimuthal angle and thickness of the vapour phase of the drop during evaporation of the drop.

关键词： drop Evaporation Combustion Convection Modelling Temperature

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and HTLV-1 &2 among Female Sex Workers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第2期12卷 56-69页

作者： Henri Gautier Ouédraogo dinanibè Kambiré Tani Sagna Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore Oumarou Ouédraogo Abdou Azaque Zouré Serge Théophile Soubeiga Sylvie Zida danielle Belemsaga/Yugbaré Samadoulougou Benoît Cesaire Odette Ky-Zerbo Yves Traoré Nicolas Barro Seni Kouanda Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Sécrétariat Permanent du Conseil National de Lutte contre le Sida et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (SP/CNLS-IST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR-SdS) Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most common worldwide sexually transmitted and female sex workers are most at risk for these infections. Beside HSV-2, Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is one of these infections with a high risk of sexual transmission. HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukaemia and myelopathy. Little is known about the HSV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among female sex workers in West Africa in general, and particularly in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study aimed to estimate HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 seroprevalence among female sex workers, in Ouagadougou in order to inform HIV prevention programs. Methods: Archived sera samples of a biological and behavioral cross-sectional study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ouagadougou were tested for HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2. Sera samples collected from February to May 2013 were previously tested for HIV and syphilis and stored with participants’ additional consent for further infection testing. Antibodies against HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 detection tests were performed using enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) methods. Results: HSV-2 seroprevalence was approximately 75.7% (95% CI: 70.8-79.9) among FSWs. It ranged from 69.3% among FSWs under 24 years of age, to 88.5% among those who were at least 30 years old. Furthermore, HSV-2 seroprevalence was high among FSW with no formal education (87.7%) and decreased significantly among those with at least primary education (76.0%) and others with secondary education and above (64.9%). Regarding HTLV-1/2, 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 - 15.1) of FSWs were positive. By age group, 11.8% were positive among FSWs under 25 years of age;15.2% among those 25 to 29 years of age, and 5.8% among those over 30 years of age. Conclusion: HSV-2 and HTLV-1&2 infections are common among FSWs, which confirms the need for effective and preventive interventions such as sex education and early screening.

关键词： HSV-2 HTLV-1/2 Seroprevalence Female Sex Workers FSWs

Molecular Characterization and Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacillus and Yeast of Probiotic Interest Isolated from Fermented Porridges

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第7期13卷 284-297页

作者： Boureima Kagambèga Namwin Siourimè Somda Hama Cissé Oumarou Zongo Yves Traoré Aly Savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre National de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/IRSAT/département Technologie Alimentaire (dTA)/direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherche en Sciences et Techniques (UFR/ST) Université Thomas SANKARA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cereal-based porridges are among fermented foods with a composite microbiota. The objective of this work is to characterize the microbiota of porridge. Samples of porridge were collected in Ouagadougou and analyzed according to standard methods in microbiology. The presumed strains obtained were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Technological abilities were estimated by tests for resistance to acid pH, bile, antibiotics and antimicrobial, proteolytic and lipolytic activities. All presumptive Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were characterized by PCR. Four (BC1a;BC9b;BC2a and BC1b) strains were confirmed to Bacillus by PCR, 6 strains to Lactobacillus and only to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All strains were sensitive to two antibiotics gentamycin and imipenem. In contrast, all strains were resistant to oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, streptomycin, penicillin and ticarcillin. Strains tested were resistant to bile but in terms of pH this resistance was relative. Potential probiotic strains have been shown to be effective in inhibiting pathogens. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities were positive on all strains. The characterization of strains, although concerned with a non-exhaustive list of primers, has made it possible to confirm the strains that may be of good quality probiotics if a quantitative study is carried out on technological aptitudes.

关键词： Bacillus Lactic Bacteria Yeast Porridge Probiotic

Nurses’perceptions about neonatal intensive care units providing family-centered care are associated with skin-to-skin contact implementation

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 61-65页

作者： Marilyn Aita Gwenaëlle de Clifford-Faugère Geneviève Laporte Sébastien Colson Nancy Feeley Faculty of Nursing Universitéde MontréalMontrealCanada CHU Sainte-Justine Research centre MontrealCanada Quebec Network on Nursing Intervention Research MontrealCanada Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences CEReSSAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance Ingram School of Nursing McGill UniversityMontrealCanada centre for Nursing Research and Lady davis Institute Jewish General HospitalMontrealCanada

Skin-to-skin contact(SSC)consists of positioning the diaper-clad infant against the parent’s chest and is considered a nursing practice rooted in family-centered care(FCC).1 SSC implies simultaneous parental presence and helps to facilitate their involvement from the earliest hours of their preterm infants’lives as this intervention is delivered by parents.1 FCC has gained worldwide popularity in recent years to promote parental presence and active participation of parents in care during neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)hospitalization.2 Both practices relate to developmental care(dC),which regroups specific interventions aimed at reducing stress and improving infant neurological development.

关键词： centered gained Skin

Impact of Improved Cookstoves on the Level of Household Exposure to CO and PM_2.5 in Sub-Saharan Cities: The Case of the City of Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第2期12卷 50-66页

作者： Lucmane Koala Kayaba Haro Ousmane Coulibaly Bernard Nana Issoufou Ouarma Edwige Ouedraogo Tizane daho Oumar Sanogo Antoine Béré Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences (IdS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Air pollution is one of the major global threats to human health. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the population uses solid fuels as the main source of cooking energy. This paper reports a comparative study on the exposure of household to the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by improved cookstoves (ICS) or traditional cookstoves (TCS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou for 4 months during the rainy season (July to October) in households with an outdoor kitchen. The investigation involved 92 households where air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO were measured with Indoor Air Pollution Meters (IAP meter). These measurements were focused on the concentration levels of the pollutants during cooking. The results of this study show high levels of PM2.5 and CO for all type of stoves. Wood stoves led to higher PM2.5 and lower CO emissions than charcoal stoves. ICS reduce emissions of indoor air pollutants compared to TCS. This reduction raised up to 82% for PM2.5 and 37% for CO. The analysis of the data measured with the student test (t-test) shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the average values of the concentrations of the pollutants emitted with the TCS compared to ICS, except for CO emissions measured on multi-pot sizes cookstoves (MM). This study shows that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants are very high regardless of the type of cookstoves used. The CO exposure obtained varies from 119.10 to 362.72 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 10.83 - 55.11 μg/m3 for 1-hour exposure. The exposure in PM2.5 varies from 4762 to 16,257 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 106.63 to 1597 μg/m3 for 1-hour of exposure. It was noted that the CO exposure levels obtained over 15-minute of exposure are 1.36 to 4.15 times higher than the WHO recommendation and 1.8 times higher for an exposure time of one hou

关键词： Biomass Cookstove Particulate Matters Carbon Monoxide

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements validated by simulation chamber instrumentation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 22-33页

作者： V.Catoire F.Bernard Y.Mbarki A.Mellouki G.Eyglunent V.daёle C.Robert Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E) CNRS-Universit d'Orlans (UMR 6115)Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en rgion Centre (OSUC)3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique45071 Orlans Cedex 2France Institut de Combustion ArothermiqueRactivit et Environnement (ICARE)CNRS (UPR 3021)Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en rgion Centre (OSUC)1C Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique45071 Orlans Cedex 2France

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer （TdLAS） for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements has been set up and validated through comparison experiments with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR） in a simulation *** was generated in situ in the chamber from reaction of ethene with *** HCHO ro-vibrational line intensities （at 2909.71,2912.09 and 2914.46 cm-1） possibly used by TdLAS were calibrated by FT-IR spectra simultaneously recorded in the 1600–3200 cm-1 domain during ethene ozonolysis,enabling the on-line deduction of the varying concentration for HCHO in *** experimental line intensities values inferred confirmed the calculated ones from the updated HITRAN *** addition,the feasibility of stratospheric in situ HCHO measurements using the 2912.09 cm-1 line was *** TdLAS performances were also assessed,leading to a 2σ detection limit of 88 ppt in volume mixing ratio with a response time of 60 sec at 30 Torr and 294 K for 112 m optical *** part of this work,the room-temperature rate constant of this reaction and the HCHO formation yield were found to be in excellent agreement with the compiled literature data.

关键词： formaldehyde ethene ozonolysis in situ measurements stratosphere simulation chamber TdLAS FT-IR

Impact of the Thicknesses of the p and p+ Regions on the Electrical Parameters of a Bifacial PV Cell

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energy and Power engineering 2022年第2期14卷 133-145页

作者： Ramatou Konate Bernard Zouma Adama Ouedraogo Bruno Korgo Martial Zoungrana Sié Kam Laboratoire d’energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Département de Physique Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Kaya Burkina Faso

The present paper is about a contribution to the bifacial PV cell performances improvement. The PV cell efficiency is weak compared to the strong energy demand. In this study, the base thickness impacts and the p+ zone size influence are evaluated on the rear face of the polycrystalline back surface field bifacial silicon PV cell. The photocurrent density and photovoltage behaviors versus thickness of these regions are studied. From a three-dimensional grain of the polycrystalline bifacial PV cell, the magneto-transport and continuity equations of excess minority carriers are solved to find the expression of the density of excess minority carriers and the related electrical parameters, such as the photocurrent density, the photovoltage and the electric power for simultaneous illumination on both sides. The photocurrent density, the photovoltage and electric power versus junction dynamic velocity decrease for different thicknesses of base and the p+ region increases for simultaneous illumination on both sides. It is found that the thickness of the p+ region at 0.1 μm and the base size at 100 μm allow reaching the best bifacial PV cell performances. Consequently, it is imperative to consider the reduction in the thickness of the bifacial PV cell for exhibition of better performance. This reduced the costs and increase production speed while increasing conversion efficiency.

关键词： doped p+ Region Bifacial PV Cell Photocurrent density Photovoltage Polycrystalline Solar Cell