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Genome-wide DNA hypermethylation and homocysteine increase a risk for myopia

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 38-45页

作者： Edward Hsi Yung-Song Wang Chia-Wei Huang Ming-Lung Yu Suh-Hang Hank Juo Chung-Ling Liang centre for myopia and eye disease Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University(Taiwan) Hospital department of Genome Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Institute of Fisheries Science National Taiwan University department of Biotechnology Kaohsiung Medical University Hepatobiliary Division Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Hospital Faculty of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University centre for myopia and eye disease department of medical research China Medical University(Taiwan) Hospital Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University(Taiwan) Institute of New Drug Development China Medical University(Taiwan) Drug Development Center China Medical University(Taiwan) department of Ophthalmology Asia University Hospital department of Optometry College of Medical and Health ScienceAsia University

AIM: To test for the association between genome-wide methylation and myopia in human and mice. METHODS: Long interspersed nucleotide element 1(LINE-1) methylation levels were used to surrogate genome-wide methylation level. We first tested for the association between high myopia(eyes from the form deprivation myopia(FDM) mice. Furthermore,we calculated the correlation of LINE-1 methylation levels between leukocyte DNA and ocular DNA in the mice. We also tested whether dopamine can alter LINE-1 methylation levels. RESULTS: The LINE-1 methylation level was significantly higher in the myopic human subjects than controls. The upper and middle tertiles of the methylation levels increased an approximately 2-fold(P≤0.002) risk for myopia than the lower tertile. Similarly, FDM mice had high LINE-1 methylation levels in the leukocyte, retina and sclera, and furthermore the methylation levels detected from these three tissues were significantly correlated. Immunohistochemical staining revealed higher levels of homocysteine and methionine in the rodent myopic eyes than normal eyes. Dopamine treatment to the cells reduced both LINE-1 methylation and DNA methyltransferase levels. CONCLUSION: LINE-1 hypermethylation may be associated with high myopia in human and mice. Homocysteine and methionine are accumulated in myopic eyes, which may provide excess methyl group for genome-wide methylation.

关键词： methylation myopia LINE-1 homocysteine dopamine

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Episcleral macular buckling for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular hole

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 165-168页

作者： Jiao Tian Luo-Sheng Tang Xiao-Jian Guo Yong-Heng Luo department of Ophthalmology and eye disease research centre the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University

AIM: To evaluate anatomical and visual outcomes of episcleral macular buckling (EMB) for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular ***: Five cases of EMB for initial failure of retinal reattachment after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and silicone oil tamponade caused by myopic macular hole were retrospectively reviewed. A silicone sponge sutured directly across the macular region was performed on the silicone oil filled eyes. Silicone oil was removed no sooner than 1 month post- EMB. The duration of follow -up time after removal of silicone oil was more than 3 ***: Retinas of five eyes were all reattached at the last follow-up. The postoperative vision ranged from counting fingers to ***: Anatomical results improved after EBM for posterior retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes associated with myopic macular hole, which was not evident for visual outcome.

关键词： episcleral macular buckling myopia macular hole retinal detachment silicone oil tamponade

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Analysis of corneal nerve plexus in corneal confocal microscopy images

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Neural Regeneration research 2021年第4期16卷 690-691页

作者： Yu-Chi Liu Molly Tzu-Yu Lin Jodhbir S.Mehta Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore department of Cornea and External eye disease Singapore National Eye CentreOphthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical ProgramDuke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Small Aδand C nerve fibers of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems constitute 70–90%of peripheral nerve fibers including corneal nerves(Muller et al.,2003).Corneal nerves originate from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and enter the cornea at the limbus radially from all directions toward the central cornea at the level of anterior and middle *** subepithelial nerve plexus lies at the interface between the Bowman layer and anterior *** then divide into smaller branches and turn 90°toward Bowman’s layer(Muller et al.,2003),travelling between Bowman’s layer and the basal epithelial layer and forming the sub-basal nerve plexus(Muller et al.,2003).

关键词： Bowman layer travelling

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Clinical Characteristics of Macular Hole and Macular Epiretinal Membrane in Dominant and Nondominant eyes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 112-116页

作者： LIU Yang WANG Xin ZHU Min XU Ge Zhi eye Institute and department of Ophthalmology Eye&ENT HospitalFudan UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Myopia(Fudan University)Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationShanghai 200031China

Ocular dominance(OD) is referred to the superiority of one eye over the other when the visual sense is produced[1]. This condition can be considered as a preference for the particular laterality of the eye during a mono-visual task or the relative contributions of visual signal transduction between eyes[2]. Empirically, OD tendencies are exhibited in habitual and subconscious behavior.

关键词： visual dominance superiority

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Understanding practice patterns of glaucoma sub-specialists in India

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第10期10卷 1580-1585页

作者： Nikhil S.Choudhari Vanita Pathak-Ray Sushmita Kaushik Prateep Vyas Ronnie George V S T Glaucoma centre Dr.Kallam Anji Reddy CampusL V Prasad Eye Institute Advanced eye centre Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research centre for Sight Glaucoma Society of India department of Glaucoma Medical Research Foundation

AIM：To obtain information on the prevailing practice patterns of glaucoma specialists in ***：Glaucoma specialists attending the Annual Conference of the Glaucoma Society of India（GSI）were *** survey,conducted in 2013,was based on an interactive audience response ***：The information was obtained from 146 glaucoma *** half（n=83;57%）had≥10y of experience in managing glaucoma and were in institutional practice（n=74,51%）.Goldmann applanation tonometry was preferred by 103（72%）specialists whilst n=25（17.4%）used non-contact *** gonioscopy was favoured by two-thirds（n=90,66%）whereas stereoscopic optic disc examination and visual fields using Humphrey perimeter was performed by a majority of the specialists surveyed（n=115,86%and n=114;83%respectively）.Nearly three quarter specialists（n=96;72%）preferred optical coherence tomography for *** primary choice for treatment of angle closure disease and primary open angle glaucoma was laser（iridotomy,n=117;93%）and medical management（prostaglandin analogue,n=104;78%）,*** only a third of the specialists surveyed（n=37;28%）were performing both trabeculectomy and implantation of a glaucoma drainage device and about half（n=64;47%）were not operating on congenital glaucoma at ***：This survey has found conformance with preferred practice patterns in several areas of diagnosisand management of glaucoma,but there was diversity in a few *** information is a significant step towards improvement of glaucoma care in India,including planning for future strategies.

关键词： glaucoma practice patterns glaucoma specialists glaucomatologist audience response system survey

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Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： Charmaine Jan Li Toh Chang Liu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Molly Tzu Yu Lin Louis Tong Yu-Chi Liu Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore eye research Institute Singapore department of Cornea and External eye disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

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Corneal neuromediator profiles following laser refractive surgery

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Neural Regeneration research 2021年第11期16卷 2177-2183页

作者： Lily Wei Yun Yang Jodhbir S.Mehta Yu-Chi Liu Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore department of Cornea and External eye disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Laser refractive surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures *** laser refractive surgery,Femtosecond Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Refractive Lenticule Extraction have emerged as promising alternatives to microkeratome Laser in Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive *** laser refractive surgery,the corneal nerves,epithelial and stromal cells release neuromediators,including neurotrophins,neuropeptides and ***,nerve growth factor,substance P,calcitonin gene-related peptide and various cytokines are important mediators of neurogenic inflammation and corneal nerve *** in neuromediator profiles and ocular surface parameters following laser refractive surgery are attributed to the surgical techniques and the severity of tissue insult *** this review,we will discuss the(1)Functions of neuromediators and their physiological and clinical significance;(2)Changes in the neuromediators following various laser refractive surgeries;(3)Correlation between neuromediators,ocular surface health and corneal nerve status;and(4)Future directions,including the use of neuromediators as potential biomarkers for ocular surface health following laser refractive surgery,and as adjuncts to aid in corneal regeneration after laser refractive surgery.

关键词： cornea corneal nerves dry eye femtosecond laser laser in situ keratomileusis neuromediator refractive surgery small incision lenticule extraction

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Diabetic corneal neuropathy as a surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

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Neural Regeneration research 2022年第10期17卷 2172-2178页

作者： Wei Zheng So Natalie Shi Qi Wong Hong Chang Tan Molly Tzu Yu Lin Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Jodhbir S.Mehta Yu-Chi Liu Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Singapore eye research Institute SingaporeSingapore department of Endocrinology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore department of Cornea and External eye disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingaporeSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus,affecting nerves in all parts of the body including corneal nerves and peripheral nervous system,leading to diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,*** peripheral neuropathy is diagnosed in clinical practice using electrophysiological nerve conduction studies,clinical scoring,and skin ***,these diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity in detecting small-fiber disease,hence they do not accurately reflect the status of diabetic *** recently,analysis of alterations in the corneal nerves has emerged as a promising surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral *** this review,we will discuss the relationship between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,elaborating on the foundational aspects of each:pathogenesis,clinical presentation,evaluation,and *** will further discuss the relevance of diabetic corneal neuropathy in detecting the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy,particularly early diabetic peripheral neuropathy;the correlation between the severity of diabetic corneal neuropathy and that of diabetic peripheral neuropathy;and the role of diabetic corneal neuropathy in the stratification of complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

关键词： corneal nerve quantification corneal nerves diabetic cornea diabetic corneal neuropathy diabetic microvascular complications diabetic peripheral neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy neurotrophic keratopathy ocular surface

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Using single cell transcriptomics to study the complexity of human retina

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Neural Regeneration research 2020年第11期15卷 2045-2046页

作者： Daniel Urrutia-Cabrera Raymond Ching-Bong Wong centre for eye research Australia Department of Surgery(Ophthalmology)University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The human retina is a specialized multilayered structure composed of numerous cell *** process of vision relies on a robust network integrated by rod photoreceptors,cone photoreceptors,bipolar cells,horizontal cells,amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells,which detect,process and relay the visual information to the ***,structural and metabolic support is provided by Muller glia,retinal astrocytes and *** 200 genes have been implicated in inherited retinal diseases(RetNet:https://***/retnet/).However,in many cases,the retinal cell types that express these disease-associated genes remain to be *** complexity of the human retina represents a major challenge for the molecular profiling of all retinal cell *** previous studies utilised bulk RNA-seq to profile the whole human adult retina,which only analysed the averaged gene expression levels across all retinal cell *** such,knowledge of the transcriptome profile in specific cell types within the retina would help us to unravel the heterogeneity of retinal cells,advance understanding of the pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases,and to develop gene therapies that could improve treatment options.

关键词： diseases specialized retina

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Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration research 2017年第4期12卷 584-585页

作者： Moeen Riaz Paul N. Baird centre for eye research Australia Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

Age related macular degeneration （AMD） is a complex progres- sive neurodegenerative disease causing blindness in 30-35 million people worldwide. It affects the macula region of the retina leading to severe vision loss and legal blindness in individuals 〉 50 years of age （Wong et al., 2014）. The precise aetiology of AMD is unknown but smoking, age and genetic factors are major risk factors for AMD predisposition （Ding et al., 2009）. The genetic basis of AMD is well described with a recent study from the International AMD gene consortium （IAMDGC） reporting 52 genetic variants across 34 loci associated with the risk of AMD pathogenesis and explaining more than 50% of the genetic heritabilitv of the disease （Fritsche et al., 2016）.

关键词： VEGF Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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