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Intelligent Machine Learning Based Brain Tumor Segmentation through Multi-Layer Hybrid U-Net with CNN Feature Integration

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1301-1317页

作者： Sharaf J.Malebary Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 344Rabigh21911Saudia Arabia

Brain tumors are a pressing public health concern, characterized by their high mortality and morbidity ***, the manual segmentation of brain tumors remains a laborious and error-prone task, necessitatingthe development of more precise and efficient methodologies. To address this formidable challenge, we proposean advanced approach for segmenting brain tumorMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that harnesses theformidable capabilities of deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While CNN-based methodshave displayed promise in the realm of brain tumor segmentation, the intricate nature of these tumors, markedby irregular shapes, varying sizes, uneven distribution, and limited available data, poses substantial obstacles toachieving accurate semantic segmentation. In our study, we introduce a pioneering Hybrid U-Net framework thatseamlessly integrates the U-Net and CNN architectures to surmount these challenges. Our proposed approachencompasses preprocessing steps that enhance image visualization, a customized layered U-Net model tailoredfor precise segmentation, and the inclusion of dropout layers to mitigate overfitting during the training ***, we leverage the CNN mechanism to exploit contextual information within brain tumorMRI images,resulting in a substantial enhancement in segmentation *** experimental results attest to the exceptionalperformance of our framework, with accuracy rates surpassing 97% across diverse datasets, showcasing therobustness and effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive assessment of ourmethod’s capabilities by evaluating various performance measures, including the sensitivity, Jaccard-index, andspecificity. Our proposed model achieved 99% accuracy. The implications of our findings are profound. Theproposed Hybrid U-Net model emerges as a highly promising diagnostic tool, poised to revolutionize brain tumorimage segmentation for radiologists and clinician

关键词： Brain tumor Hybrid U-Net CLAHE transfer learning MRI images

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An improved memristor model for brain-inspired computing

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第11期26卷 537-543页

作者：周二瑞方粮刘汝霖汤振森 State Key Laboratory of high performance computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Memristors, as memristive devices, have received a great deal of interest since being fabricated by HP labs. The forgetting effect that has significant influences on memristors＇ performance has to be taken into account when they are employed. It is significant to build a good model that can express the forgetting effect well for application researches due to its promising prospects in brain-inspired computing. Some models are proposed to represent the forgetting effect but do not work well. In this paper, we present a novel window function, which has good performance in a drift model. We analyze the deficiencies of the previous drift diffusion models for the forgetting effect and propose an improved model. Moreover,the improved model is exploited as a synapse model in spiking neural networks to recognize digit images. Simulation results show that the improved model overcomes the defects of the previous models and can be used as a synapse model in brain-inspired computing due to its synaptic characteristics. The results also indicate that the improved model can express the forgetting effect better when it is employed in spiking neural networks, which means that more appropriate evaluations can be obtained in applications.

关键词： memristor drift diffusion model synaptic brain-inspired computing

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ALLIANCE-ROS:A Software Framework on ROS for Fault-Tolerant and Cooperative Mobile Robots

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第3期27卷 467-475页

作者： GUO Zhongyuan YANG Wenjing LI Minglong YI Xiaodong CAI Zhongxuan WANG Yanzhen State Key Laboratory of high performance computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Programming control systems for mobile robots is complicated and time-consuming, due to three aspects, i.e., the robot behavior coordination, the distributed multi-robot cooperation and the robot software reusability. Subsumption model is a robust control architecture for mobile robots. ALLIANCE model extends it to multirobot systems, which is a fully distributed, fault-tolerant model. Robot operating system(ROS) provides a lot of reusable robot modules. By combining the above three, we propose a software framework named ALLIANCE-ROS for developing fault-tolerant cooperative multi-robot systems with abundant software resources available. We encapsulate the ROS facilities to build the framework *** also use some high-performance plugin-based mechanism to optimize the bottom of the framework. One may use the framework-provided API conveniently to construct single-robot and multi-robot applications with all ROS resources available. This work is demonstrated by three application cases including an autonomous roving robot, a security patrol robot and multiple patrol robots. They are constructed and tested in both the simulated and the real environment. The experimental results validate the usability and availability of ALLIANCE-ROS.

关键词： Software framework Mobile robots Cooperative robots Fault-tolerance ALLIANCE-ROS

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Principle of a one-step MSD adder for a ternary optical computer

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第1期57卷 86-95页

作者： SHEN YunFu PAN Lei School of Computer Engineering and Science High Performance Computing Center Shanghai University

While investigating a three-step MSD adder and the reliability thereof for ternary optical computers(TOC),the principle of one-step MSD addition was *** important concept,the mid-bit transform,is ***,the important mid-bit transform table(MTT)for 3-bit MSD input and the corresponding mid-bit transform unit(MTU)are *** the principle,the concept structure of a one-step MSD adder is proposed such that the sum of the addition can be obtained easily in one step in *** restricting the input symbols,a simplified MTT is obtained and the principle of a one-step adder with restricted input symbols is introduced,together with the corresponding simplified concept structure of a one-step MSD *** examples are presented to demonstrate the principles of one-step MSD *** work lays the theoretic foundation for the design of an optical MSD adder in future study.

关键词： ternary optical computer(TOC) one-step MSD adder mid-bit transform unit(MTU) mid-bit transform table(MTT

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A novel multi-slice electromagnetic field-circuit coupling method for transient computation of long-distance gas-insulated transmission lines

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high Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 826-838页

作者： Shucan Cheng Yanpu Zhao Kejia Xie Bin Hu School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Shandong Taikai high Voltage Switchgear Co. Ltd.TaianChina

Accurate calculation of short-circuit electromagnetic force is crucial for both mechanical strength check and the optimal design of gas-insulated transmission lines(GIL).Since the full 3D numerical simulation method is highly time-consuming,a novel lightweight 2D multi-slice electromagnetic field-circuit coupled method for computing transient electromagnetic force is proposed,where appropriate port voltage degrees of freedom(DoFs)are introduced for the solid GIL conductor *** the transient magnetic field equations are combined with the constraint equations of circuit part,including nodal voltage and loop current DoFs,a direct field-circuit coupling scheme is thus *** proposed method can simultaneously consider the effect of interphaseshunts and ground wires,as well as the skin effect and proximity *** can accurately capture the transient electromagnetic characteristics of GIL spanning from several to tens of kilometers under different short-circuit *** transient electromagnetic forces,as well as the induced voltages and currents of the enclosure,are analysed by the proposed method for both single-phase and three-phase enclosed GIL under various short-circuit *** proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy and lightweight computational cost,and thus it is also suitable for conducting important simulation tasks such as mechanical strength checks during the design optimisation phase of long-distance GIL.

关键词： transient coupling field

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Research and application of key technologies for data delivery in railway engineering design based on metadata

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high-Speed Railway 2024年第1期2卷 51-56页

作者： Xiangru Lyu Xunxiao Yin Kun Wang Yongwen Wei Institute of computing Technologies China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing 100081China

In view of the problems of inconsistent data semantics,inconsistent data formats,and difficult data quality assurance between the railway engineering design phase and the construction and operation phase,as well as the difficulty in fully realizing the value of design results,this paper proposes a design and implementation scheme for a railway engineering collaborative design *** railway engineering collaborative design platform mainly includes functional modules such as metadata management,design collaboration,design delivery management,model component library,model rendering services,and Building Information Modeling(BIM)application *** on this,research is conducted on multi-disciplinary parameterized collaborative design technology for railway engineering,infrastructure data management and delivery technology,and design multi-source data fusion and application *** railway engineering collaborative design platform is compared with other railway design software to further validate its advantages and advanced *** platform has been widely applied in multiple railway construction projects,greatly improving the design and project management efficiency.

关键词： Railway engineering Metadata Data delivery Collaborative designplatform Design results BIM services

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high-throughput studies and machine learning for design of β titanium alloys with optimum properties

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第10期34卷 3194-3207页

作者： Wei-min CHEN Jin-feng LING Kewu BAI Kai-hong ZHENG Fu-xing YIN Li-jun ZHANG Yong DU Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application National Engineering Research Center of Powder Metallurgy of Titanium&Rare MetalsInstitute of New MaterialsGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Institute of Advanced Wear&Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Institute of high performance computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research138632Singapore State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Based on experimental data,machine learning(ML) models for Young's modulus,hardness,and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were *** the models,the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion ***,the Ti-(22±0.5)at.%Nb-(30±0.5)at.%Zr-(4±0.5)at.%Cr(TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic(BCC) phase was screened in an interactive *** experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young's modulus of(58±4) GPa,high nanohardness of(3.4±0.2) GPa,high microhardness of HV(520±5),high compressive yield strength of(1220±18) MPa,large plastic strain greater than 30%,and superior dry-and wet-wear *** work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired ***,it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.

关键词： high-throughput machine learning Ti-based alloys diffusion couple mechanical properties wear behavior

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high Speed Sintering:Assessing the Influence of Energy Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polyether Block Amide(PEBA)Parts

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第5期42卷 675-682,I0004,I0010页

作者： Jiang-Tao Sun Zhi-Yong Fan Yi-Wei Mao Wei Li Wei Zhu Dao-Sheng Cai Qing-Song Wei State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China National Engineering Research centre for high Efficiency Grinding Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China Wuhan EasyMFG Technology CO. LTDWuhan430074China

high speed sintering,a new powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing technology,utilizes infrared lights(IR)to intensely heat and melt polymer *** presence of defects such as porosity,which is associated with particle coalescence,is highly dependdent on the level of energy *** study investigate the influcence of energy input on porosity and its subsequent effects on the mechanical properties and microstructures of PEBA *** parts were manufactured with a variety of lamp powers,resulting in a range of energy input levels spanning from low to ***,they underwent testing using Archimedes’method,followed by tensile *** porosity,mechanical characteristics,and energy input exhibit a strong correlation;inadequate energy input was the primary cause of pore *** the reduced IR light power resulted in the following outcomes:porosity,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation of 1.37%,7.6 MPa,and 194.2%,*** the energy input was further increased,the porosity was reduced to as low as 0.05%and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased to their peak values of 233.8%and 9.1 MPa,respectively.

关键词： high speed sintering Additive manufacturing Energy input Powder bed fusion PEBA

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An elastic model for bioinspired design of carbon nanotube bundles

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第2期31卷 205-215页

作者： Xiaoyu Sun Zuoqi Zhang Yuanjie Xu Yongwei Zhang School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Institute of high performance computing A*STARSingapore 138632Singapore

Collagen fibers provide a good example of making strong micro-or mesoscale fibers from nanoscale tropocollagen molecules through a staggered and crosslinked organization in a bottom-up *** the architectural features of collagen fibers has been shown to be a promising approach to develop carbon nanotube（CNT）fibers of high *** the present work,an elastic model is developed to describe the load transfer and failure propagation within the bioinspired CNT bundles,and to establish the relations of the mechanical properties of the bundles with a number of geometrical and physical parameters such as the CNT aspect ratio and longitudinal gap,interface cross-link density,and the functionalizationinduced degradation in CNTs,*** the model,the stress distributions along the CNT-CNT interface as well as in every individual CNT are well captured,and the failure propagation along the interface and its effects on the mechanical properties of the CNT bundles are *** work may provide useful guidelines for the design of novel CNT fibers in practice.

关键词： Carbon nanotube fiber Collagen-mimic design Staggered pattern Interface modification

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In-situ synthesis of quantum dots in the nucleus of live cells

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 172-182页

作者： Yusi Hu Zhi-Gang Wang Haohao Fu Chuanzheng Zhou Wensheng Cai Xueguang Shao Shu-Lin Liu Dai-Wen Pang State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Research Centre for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Centre for Cell Responses Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

The cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular and strictly regulated by physiological processes. However,whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdSxSe1-xquantum dots（QDs） in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione（GSH） metabolic pathway. high enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione-reductase-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with the Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in the cell nucleus and will pave the way for the development of advanced ‘supercells’.

关键词： glutathione live cell nucleus quantum dot intracellular synthesis

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