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Chromosomal Constitutions and Reactions to Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust of Four Novel Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Partial Amphiploids

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第12期41卷 663-666页

作者： Yinguang Bao Xia Wu Chao Zhang Xingfeng Li Fang He Xiaolei Qi Honggang Wang Shandong Key Laboratory of crop Biology State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an Subcentre of National Wheat Improvement centre Agronomy CollegeShandong Agricultural University

As a staple food crop for one-third of the world＇s population, common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD） plays an important role in humans＇ food security. However, the genetic variation of cultivated wheat has been dramatically narrowed by genetic erosion under the modem cultivation system, resulting in vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses （Jiang et al., 1994; Friebe et al., 1996）. The wild relatives of wheat represent a large reservoir of superior genes, and transferring these alien genes to modem cultivars through chromosome engineering is a successful method of broadening the genetic diversity of wheat （Chen et al., 2003;

关键词： Th TE Chromosomal Constitutions and Reactions to Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust of Four Novel Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Partial Amphiploids St

Understanding a key gene for thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第12期57卷 1241-1242页

作者： FAN You Rong ZHANG Qifa National Key Laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement and National centre of Plant Gene Research Huazhong Agriculture University

Recently,a joint research team led by Chuxiong Zhuang of South China Agricultural University and Xiaofeng Cao of Institute of Genetics and Development Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences published their work on the cloning and molecular characterization of the gene thermosensitive genic male sterile 5(tms5)in rice in Nature Communications[1].This is the result of a long-term collaboration representing an important advance in male sterility research in crops.

关键词：不育水稻雄性不育基因中国农业大学热敏发育生物学敏核不育系分子特征

Water-Lubricated Ni-Based Composite(Ni-Al_2O_3,Ni-SiC and Ni-ZrO_2)Thin Film Coatings for Industrial Applications

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第1期29卷 8-16页

作者： Rizwan Sarwar Bajwa Zulfiqar Khan Vasilios Bakolas Wolfgang Braun Faculty of Science and Technology Sustainable Design Research CentreBournemouth University Talbot Campus Advanced Bearing analysis Schaeffler Technologies GmbH& Co.KG

In this work, pure nickel and Ni-based nanocomposite coatings （Ni-AI2O3, Ni-SiC and Ni-ZrO2） were pro- duced on steel substrate by using pulse electrodeposition technique. The industrial performance tests were conducted to evaluate the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, adhesion strength and wettability behaviour of newly developed coat- ings. Rolling contact ball-on-disc tribometer was used to assess anti-wear behaviour of these coatings under water- lubricated contacts. The results showed that the wear- and corrosion resistance properties of nickel alumina and Ni-SiC composite coatings significantly improved than that of pure Ni and Ni-ZrO2 coatings. The adhesion and wettability results of Ni-A1203 composite showed better performance when compared to the rest of the coatings. The effects of incorporating nanoparticles on the surface microstructure, interface adhesion and distribution of the particles were also investigated. The coatings were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and 3D white light inter- ferometry. The wear failure behaviour of these coatings was further examined by post-test surface observation under optical microscope.

关键词： Electrodeposition Wear-resistant Corrosion-resistant Tribology Nanocoatings Water-lubrication

The role of aluminium in the preservation of microbial biosignatures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1125-1138页

作者： Alan Levett Emma J.Gagen Hui Diao Paul Guagliardo Llew Rintoul Anat Paz Paulo M.Vasconcelos Gordon Southam School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Queensland centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Queensland centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis University of Western Australia School of Chemistry Physics & Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology

Demonstrating the biogenicity of presumptive microfossils in the geological record often requires supporting chemical signatures, including isotopic signatures. Understanding the mechanisms that promote the preservation of microbial biosignatures associated with microfossils is fundamental to unravelling the palaeomicrobiological history of the material. Organomineralization of microorganisms is likely to represent the first stages of microbial fossilisation and has been hypothesised to prevent the autolytic degradation of microbial cell envelope structures. In the present study, two distinct fossilisation textures(permineralised microfossils and iron oxide encrusted cell envelopes)identified throughout iron-rich rock samples were analysed using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry(NanoSIMS). In this system, aluminium is enriched around the permineralised microfossils, while iron is enriched within the intracellularly, within distinct cell envelopes. Remarkably,while cell wall structures are indicated, carbon and nitrogen biosignatures are not preserved with permineralised microfossils. Therefore, the enrichment of aluminium, delineating these microfossils appears to have been critical to their structural preservation in this iron-rich environment. In contrast,NanoSIMS analysis of mineral encrusted cell envelopes reveals that preserved carbon and nitrogen biosignatures are associated with the cell envelope structures of these microfossils. Interestingly, iron is depleted in regions where carbon and nitrogen are preserved. In contrast aluminium appears to be slightly enriched in regions associated with remnant cell envelope structures. The correlation of aluminium with carbon and nitrogen biosignatures suggests the complexation of aluminium with preserved cell envelope structures before or immediately after cell death may have inactivated autolytic activity preventing the rapid breakdown of these organic, macromolecular ***, these results highlig

关键词： Aluminium Microfossils Biosignatures NanoSIMS Organomineralisation

Consumptive water use in cropland and its partitioning:A high-resolution assessment

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3309-3314页

作者： LIU JunGuo1,2 1 School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2 International Institute for Applied systems analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China International Institute for Applied systems analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361 Laxenburg Austria

Spatially explicit assessments of consumptive water use (CWU) are still at an early stage, and parti-tioning of CWU has rarely been studied on large scales. In this article, CWU is assessed for China's cropland with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-minutes. The partitioning of CWU is discussed through the simulation of transpiration ratios. The total CWU for Chinese cropland was 839 km3/a during 1998―2002. Spatial distribution of CWU is closely related to cropland area and crop production with the highest CWU in the North China Plain. Transpiration accounts for two-thirds of CWU. The transpiration ratio is affected by precipitation and irrigation. Transpiration ratios are higher in irrigated systems than in rainfed systems when precipitation is low. Competition of water use will impose pressure on China's irrigation systems in the near future, and it will have a far-reaching effect on the partitioning of consumptive water use. Attention should be paid to green water management and technological improvements to guarantee China's water and food security.

关键词： GEPIC evapotranspiration evaporation transpiration transpiration ratio China

Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott Jason C.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada centre for the analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

Drought-responsive genes expressed predominantly in root tissues are enriched with homotypic cis-regulatory clusters in promoters of major cereal crops

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The crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 195-206页

作者： Muhammad Ramzan Khan Imran Khan Zahra Ibrar Jens Léon Ali Ahmed Naz Institute of crop Science and Resource Conservation(INRES) Department of Crop Genetics and BiotechnologyRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of BonnGermany National centre for Bioinformatics(NCB) Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology(NIGAB) National Agricultural Research CentrePark RoadIslamabadPakistan

The root appears to be the most relevant organ for breeding drought stress ***, our knowledge about temporal and spatial regulation of drought-associated genes in the root remains fragmented, especially in crop plants. We performed a meta-analysis of expression divergence of essential drought-inducible genes and analyzed their association with cis-elements in model crops and major cereal crops. Our analysis of42 selected drought-inducible genes revealed that these are expressed primarily in roots,followed by shoot, leaf, and inflorescence tissues, especially in wheat. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed higher expression of TaDREB2 and TaAQP7 in roots,correlated with extensive rooting and drought-stress tolerance in wheat. A promoter scan up to 2 kb upstream of the translation start site using phylogenetic footprinting revealed708 transcription factor binding sites, including drought response elements(DREs), auxin response elements(Aux REs), MYCREs/MYBREs, ABAREs, and ERD1 in 19 selected ***, these elements were organized into clusters of overlapping transcription factor binding sites known as homotypic clusters(HCTs), which modulate drought physiology in plants. Taken together, these results revealed the expression preeminence of major drought-inducible genes in the root, suggesting its crucial role in drought adaptation. The occurrence of HCTs in drought-inducible genes highlights the putative evolutionary modifications of crop plants in developing drought adaptation. We propose that these DNA motifs can be used as molecular markers for breeding drought-resilient cultivars, particularly in the cereal crops.

关键词： Gene expression Promoter DREB cis-regulatory elements Phylogeny Drought adaptation

The gene encoding flavonol synthase contributes to lesion mimic in wheat

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The crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 814-825页

作者： Tingting Dong Hongchun Xiong Huijun Guo Yongdun Xie Linshu Zhao Jiayu Gu Huiyuan Li Shirong Zhao Yuping Ding Xiyun Song Luxiang Liu College of Life Sciences Key Laboratory of Major Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application in QingdaoQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Laboratory of crop Molecular Breeding/CAEA Research and Development centre on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Lesion mimic often exhibits leaf disease-like symptoms even in the absence of pathogen infection,and is characterized by a hypersensitive-response(HR)that closely linked to plant disease *** this,only a few lesion mimic genes have been identified in *** this investigation,a lesion mimic wheat mutant named je0297 was discovered,showing no alteration in yield components when compared to the wild type(WT).Segregation ratio analysis of the F_(2)individuals resulting from the cross between the WT and the mutant revealed that the lesion mimic was governed by a single recessive gene in *** Bulked segregant analysis(BSA)and exome capture sequencing,we mapped the lesion mimic gene designated as lm6 to chromosome *** gene fine mapping using 3315 F_(2)individuals delimited the lm6 within a 1.18 Mb *** this region,we identified 16 high-confidence genes,with only two displaying mutations in ***,one of the two genes,responsible for encoding flavonol synthase,exhibited altered expression *** phenotype analysis of TILLING mutants confirmed that the gene encoding flavonol synthase was indeed the causal gene for *** sequencing analysis revealed that the DEGs between the WT and mutant were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis,including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,isoflavonoid biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis ***,more than 30 pathogen infection-related(PR)genes exhibited upregulation in the *** to this expression pattern,the flavonoid content in je0297 showed a significant decrease in the 4^(th)leaf,accompanied by a notable accumulation of reactive oxygen,which likely contributed to the development of lesion mimic in the *** investigation enhances our comprehension of cell death signaling pathways and provides a valuable gene resource for the breeding of disease-resistant wheat.

关键词： Lesion mimic mutant Wheat Gene mapping Flavonol synthase gene Flavonoid

Genome-wide Association Analyses Reveal the Genetic Basis of Stigma Exsertion in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 634-644页

作者： Hao Zhou Pingbo Li WeiboXie Saddam Hussain Yibo Li Duo Xia Hu Zhao Shengyuan Sun Junxiao Chen Hong Ye Jun Hou Da Zhao Guanjun Gao Qinglu Zhang Gongwei Wang Xingming Lian Jinghua Xiao Sibin Yu Xianghua Li Yuqing He National Key Laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement and National centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070China

Stigma exsertion, a key determinant of the rice mating system, greatly contributes to the application of heterosis in rice. Although a few quantitative trait loci associated with stigma exsertion have been fine map- ped or cloned, the underlying genetic architecture remains unclear. We performed a genome-wide associ- ation study on stigma exsertion and related floral traits using 6.5 million SNPs characterized in 533 diverse accessions of Oryza sativa. We identified 23 genomic loci that are significantly associated with stigma exsertion and related traits, three of which are co-localized with three major grain size genes GS3, GW5, and GW2. Further analyses indicated that these three genes affected the stigma exsertion by controlling the size and shape of the spikelet and stigma. Combinations of GS3 and GW5 largely defined the levels of stigma exsertion and related traits. Selections of these two genes resulted in specific distributions of floral traits among subpopulations of O. sativa. The low stigma exsertion combination gw5GS3 existed in half of the cultivated rice varieties; therefore, introducing the GW5gs3 combination into male sterile lines is of high potential for improving the seed production of hybrid rice.

关键词： stigma exsertion GWAS hybrid seed production floral traits grain shape rice