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The Silk roads: phylogeography of central Asian dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae) shaped by rivers in deserts and mountain valleys

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 150-162页

作者： Daniel Jablonski Konrad Mebert Rafaqat Masroor Evgeniy Simonov Oleg Kukushkin Timur Abduraupov Sylvia Hofmann Department of Zoology Comenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Global Biology BirrSwitzerland Pakistan Museum of Natural History ShakarparianIslamabadPakistan Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia T.I.Vyazemski Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve—Branch of A.0.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas TheodosiaCrimea Zoological Institute of the RAS Saint PetersbourgRussia Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanYunusabadTashkentUzbekistan Museum Koenig Bonn LIBLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeBonnGermany UFZ-Helmholtz centre for Environmental Research Department of Conservation BiologyPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene,widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic *** dice snake Natrix tessellata,widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such *** aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of *** with a focus on the central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages,trace their origin,and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through *** expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene,reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years *** genetic diversity in both clades is rich,suggesting different ancestral areas,glacial refugia,demographic changes,and colonization *** Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in central Asia,distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan,and Eastern European lowlands in the *** distribution is limited by deserts,moun-tains,and cold steppe ***,Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in central Asia,with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum *** the western side,there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western *** distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of central Asia as well as by environmental changes,mostly through aridification.

关键词： biogeography colonization Eurasia genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA Paratethys refugia water snakes.

Potential Impact of Future climate change on Crop Yield in Northeastern China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 889-897页

作者： ZHOU Mengzi WANG Huijun Nansen-Zhu International Research centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences climate change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

We evaluated the potential impact of future climate change on spring maize and single-crop rice in northeastern China （NEC） by employing climate and crop models. Based on historical data, diurnal temperature change exhibited a distinct negative relationship with maize yield, whereas minimum temperature correlated positively to rice yield. Corresponding to the evaluated climate change derived from coupled climate models included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario （RCP4.5）, the projected maize yield changes for three future periods [2010-39 （period 1）, 2040-69 （period 2）, and 2070-99 （period 3）] relative to the mean yield in the baseline period （1976-2005） were 2.92%, 3.11% and 2.63%, respectively. By contrast, the evaluated rice yields showed slightly larger increases of 7.19%, 12.39%, and 14.83%, respectively. The uncertainties in the crop response are discussed by considering the uncertainties obtained from both the climate and the crop models. The range of impact of the uncertainty became markedly wider when integrating these two sources of uncertainty. The probabilistic assessments of the evaluated change showed maize yield to be relatively stable from period 1 to period 3, while the rice yield showed an increasing trend over time. The results presented in this paper suggest a tendency of the yields of maize and rice in NEC to increase （but with great uncertainty） against the background of global warming, which may offer some valuable guidance to government policymakers.

关键词： northeastern China statistical crop models climate models projection uncertainty

Heterogeneous Expansion of End-moraine Dammed Lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya Ranges of Pakistan during 2001-2013

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1113-1124页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Rozina NAZ Muhammad Bilal IQBAL climate change Alternate Energy and Water Resources Institute (CAEWRI) National Agricultural Research Center

Global climate change during the twentieth century had a significant impact on the glaciers that resulted in creation of new lakes and expansion of existing ones, and ultimately an increase in the number of glacial lake outburst floods(GLOFs) in the Himalayan region. This study reports variation of the end-moraine dammed lakes in the high altitude Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya(HKH) region of Pakistan to evaluate future floods hazard under changing climate in this region. An integrated temporal remote sensing and Geographic information system(GIS) based approach using satellite images of Landsat-7 and 8 was adopted to detect 482 endmoraine dammed lakes out of which 339 lakes(>0.02 km2) were selected for temporal change analysis during the 2001-2013 period. The findings of the study revealed a net expansion in the end-moraine dammed lakes area in the Karakoram(about 7.7%) and in the Himalayas(4.6%), while there was a net shrinkage of about 1.5% in the lakes area in the Hindukush range during this period. The percentage increase in the lakes' area was highest above 4500 m asl in the Hindukush, within 3500-4000 m asl in the Himalayas and below 3500 m asl in the Karakoram range. The overall positive change in the lakes' area appears to prevail in various altitudinal ranges of the region. The heterogeneous areal changes in the endmoraine dammed lakes might be attributed to different climate regimes and glacial hydrodynamics in the three HKH ranges. A periodic monitoring of the glacial lakes and their associated glaciers is essential for developing effective hazard assessment and risk reduction strategies for this high altitude Himalayan region.

关键词： End-moraine glacial lakes GLOF Karakoram Himalayan region

Effects of Zinc Oxide Particles with Different Sizes on Root Development in Oryza sativa

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 449-458,I0021页

作者： Monica RUFFINI CASTIGLIONE Stefania BOTTEGA Carlo SORCE Carmelina SPANÒ Department of Biology University of PisaVia Luca GhiniPisa 1356126Italy centre for climate change Impact University of PisaVia del BorghettoPisa 8056124Italy

Given the consistent release of zinc oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles into the environment,it is urgent to study their impact on plants in *** this study,grains of rice were treated with two different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles(NP-ZnO,10 and 100 mg/L),and their bulk counterpart(B-ZnO)were used to evaluate whether ZnO action could depend on particle *** test this hypothesis,root growth and development assessment,oxidative stress parameters,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)content and molecules/enzymes involved in IAA metabolism were *** situ localization of Zn in control and treated roots was also *** Zn was visible inside root cells only following nanoparticle treatment,both materials(NP-ZnO and B-ZnO)were able to affect seedling growth and root morphology,with alteration in the concentration/pattern of localization of oxidative stress markers and with a different action depending on particle *** addition,only ZnO supplied as bulk material induced a significant increase in both IAA concentration and lateral root density,supporting our hypothesis that bulk particles might enhance lateral root development through the rise of IAA ***,IAA concentration was influenced more by the activity of the catabolic peroxidases than by the protective action of phenols.

关键词： zinc oxide indole-3-acetic acid lateral root rice bulk particle nanoparticle

Arctic Sea Ice and Eurasian climate:A Review

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第1期32卷 92-114页

作者： GAO Yongqi SUN Jianqi LI Fei HE Shengping Stein SANDVEN YAN Qing ZHANG Zhongshi Katja LOHMANN Noel KEENLYSIDE Tore FUREVIK SUO Lingling Nansen-Zhu International Research centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center/Bjerknes Center for climate Research climate change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Uni Research/Bjerknes Center for climate Research Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Geophysical Institute University of Bergen/Bjerknes Center for Climate Research

The Arctic plays a fundamental role in the climate system and has shown significant climate change in recent decades,including the Arctic warming and decline of Arctic sea-ice extent and thickness. In contrast to the Arctic warming and reduction of Arctic sea ice, Europe, East Asia and North America have experienced anomalously cold conditions, with record snowfall during recent years. In this paper, we review current understanding of the sea-ice impacts on the Eurasian ***, observational and modelling studies are covered to summarize several major themes, including： the variability of Arctic sea ice and its controls; the likely causes and apparent impacts of the Arctic sea-ice decline during the satellite era,as well as past and projected future impacts and trends; the links and feedback mechanisms between the Arctic sea ice and the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation, the recent Eurasian cooling, winter atmospheric circulation, summer precipitation in East Asia, spring snowfall over Eurasia, East Asian winter monsoon, and midlatitude extreme weather; and the remote climate response（e.g., atmospheric circulation, air temperature） to changes in Arctic sea ice. We conclude with a brief summary and suggestions for future research.

关键词： Arctic sea ice Eurasian climate Arctic Oscillation review

Model Projections of Precipitation Minus Evaporation in China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第3期26卷 376-388页

作者：张颖孙建奇 Nansen-Zhu International Research centre (NZC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences climate change Research Center (CCRC) Chinese Academy of Sciences

changes in precipitation minus evaporation （P-E） are analyzed to investigate the possible impacts of climate change on water resource conditions in China. Simulations of SRES A1B and 20C3M scenarios from the WCRP CMIP3 GCMs are employed in the study. Time slice analysis shows that there would be more annual mean P-E across China in 2040-2055 and 2080-2099, compared to 1980-1999, with the largest percentage change over Northwest China and the Bohai Rim area. Precipitation and evaporation would also increase over entire China during these two periods. Annual mean P-E, precipitation, and evaporation averaged over the whole China and its eight sub-areas all yield generally upward trends during the 21st century. This indicates that on annual mean scale, the global warming related precipitation dominates the hydroclimate conditions in China. On seasonal mean scale, although precipitation is projected to increase over China, P-E exhibits both decreasing and increasing trends over certain regions of China. This suggests that the variation of global warming related evaporation dominates hydroclimate conditions over some parts of China, especially in northern China. Therefore, in hydroclimate condition projections, considering both evaporation and precipitation changes should be more reasonable than considering only precipitation.

关键词： precipitation evaporation projection climate model CMIP3

Disaster Risk Reduction Including climate change Adaptation Over South Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 14-27页

作者： Rajesh K.Mall Ravindra K.Srivastava Tirthankar Banerjee Om Prakash Mishra Diva Bhatt Geetika Sonkar Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu University DST-Mahamana centre of Excellence in climate change Research Banaras Hindu University Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Earth Sciences

South Asia is vulnerable to a variety of hydrometeorological hazards, which are often crossboundary in nature. climate change is expected to influence many of these hazards. Thus, climate-related risks over South Asia make disaster risk reduction(DRR) and climate change adaptation(CCA) key policy *** there is an increasing consensus that DRR including CCA should be embedded in development planning. Disaster risk reduction including CCA has progressively gained importance in global governance. Across South Asia, however, such integration is only in a preliminary stage. This review was to assess the existing status and scope of DRR including CCA in development projects across South Asia, so that an effective and achievable deliberation may be made to regional policymakers. A total of 371 projects relevant to CCA and DRR were *** project inventory was diverse in nature with respect to location, scale, sectoral focus, and strategic ***, India, and Bhutan were observed to be proactive in implementing DRR-and CCA-related ***-analysis of the project inventory suggests an urgent need for an individual and collaborative convergence of processes for DRR and CCA through policies,plans, strategies, and programs.

关键词： climate change climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction SAARC South Asia

Towards a universal optimization of the performance of sand storage dams in arid and semi-arid areas by systematically minimizing vulnerability to siltation:A case study in Makueni,Kenya

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 221-233页

作者： Josep de Trincheria Walter Filho Leal Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology Research and Transfer centre "Sustainable Development and climate change Management" Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

Sand storage dams are hydraulic retention structures that increase the volume of coarse sediments in seasonal sandy streams by exclusively blocking the bedload transport during runoff events. However,siltation of fine grain particles, which are transported as part of the suspended load, is a major factor causing sand storage dams to perform poorly. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hydrological performance and cost-efficiency of 30 sand storage dams. This study also aimed to increase the understanding of critical factors which may affect the performance and lead to siltation of sand storage reservoirs. The analysis was based on a physical survey of 30 sand storage dams that were built in onestage in southeastern Kenya. Most of the study sites had the capacity to produce sand. However, the reservoirs suffered from severe siltation, which caused generalized low annual yields, reduced supply capacities, and low cost-efficiency. It is argued that the main factors for the poor performance were the high inter-and intra-annual variability of bedload transport, which coupled with the construction of onestage spillways, led to siltation of the reservoirs. Thus, large volumes of fine grain particles accumulated in the reservoirs during runoff events with bedload layer heights lower than the height of the one-stage spillways. To systematically maximize the robustness to the inherent variability of bedload transport, and ensure optimal performance levels by systematically minimizing siltation, spillways should be built in stages of reduced height. Thus, the lower the stage height, the higher the probability of maximizing the accumulation of coarse sediment. It is estimated that a multi-stage construction process with stage heights of 20 cm would have produced a performance 26 times higher. This implies that the 30 reservoirs would have had the capacity to supply 8516 people as compared to the current supply capacity of 330 people. Improvements in the performance of sa

关键词： Bedload transport variability Spillway Multi-stage construction

Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon evolution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第35期57卷 4617-4626页

作者： ZHANG Ran 1,JIANG DaBang 1,2,3,LIU XiaoDong 4 & TIAN ZhiPing 2,5 1 climate change Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 Nansen-Zhu International Research centre,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 3 Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 4 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China 5 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China climate change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nansen-Zhu International Research centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese

Considering the different uplifting time of different subregions of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau(TP),a series of numerical simulations have been conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM4) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research to explore the effects of the phased tectonic uplift of the Himalaya-TP on the evolution of Asian summer *** results show that the uplifts of the Himalaya and northern TP significantly affect the evolutions of South Asian summer monsoon and northern East Asian summer monsoon *** is,the tectonic uplift of the Himalaya intensifies the South Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in South Asia,whereas the uplift of the northern TP intensifies the northern East Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in northern East *** with previous simulations,current comparative analyses of modeling results for different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-TP help deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of Asian monsoons.

关键词：青藏高原隆升喜马拉雅亚洲季风高原气候夏季季风次区域隆起演化建模