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Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné Joseph Bahiebo laboratoire denergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire des Systmes denergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATlaB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

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Estimation of landfill Gas and Its Renewable Energy Potential from the Polesgo Controlled landfill Using First-Order decay (FOD) Models

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第10期15卷 975-993页

作者： Haro Kayaba Ouarma Issoufou Dabilgou Téré Compaore Abdoulaye Sanogo Oumar Bere Antoine Koulidiati Jean centre national de la recherche scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Laboratoire des Systèmes d’Energies Renouvelable et Environnement-Génie Mécanique et Industriel (CNRST/IRSAT/LASERE-GMI) Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de L’Environnement Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso centre Universitaire de Banfora Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Le Burkina Faso centre Universitaire de Ziniaré Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso

Methane generation in landfills and its inadequate management represent the major avoidable source of anthropogenic methane today. This paper models methane production and the potential resources expected (electrical energy production and potential carbon credits from avoided CH 4 emissions) from its proper management in a municipal solid waste landfill located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The modeling was carried out using two first-order decay (FOD) models (landGEM V3.02 and SWANA) using parameters evaluated on the basis of the characteristics of the waste admitted to the landfill and weather data for the site. At the same time, production data have been collected since 2016 in order to compare them with the model results. The results obtained from these models were compared to experimental one. For the simulation of methane production, the SWANA model showed better consistency with experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.59 compared with the landGEM model, which obtained a coefficient of 0.006. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the landGEM model. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of the experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the landGEM V3.02 model. It was noted that the poor consistency of the experimental data justifies these low coefficients, and that they can be improved in the future thanks to ongoing in situ measurements. According to the SWANA model prediction, in 27 years of operation a biogas plant with 33% electrical efficiency using biogas from the Polesgo landfill would avoid 1,340 GgCO 2 e. Also, the evaluation of revenues due to electricity and carbon credit gave a total revenue derived from methane production of US$27.38 million at a cost of US$10.5/tonne CO 2 e.

关键词： First-Order decay Methane Modeling landfill Renewable Energy

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Acute Toxicity and Anthelmintic Effects of Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) Extracts on Adult Worms and Eggs of Haemonchus contortus

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第5期15卷 207-221页

作者： Hippolyte Ouedraogo Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga Aristide Traore Gilchrist Abdoul laurent Boly Félicité Moyenga Gueswindé Geoffroy Ouedraogo Sylvain Ilboudo lazare Belemnaba Sylvin Ouedraogo laboratoire de recherche-Dé veloppement de Phytom&#233dicaments et M&#233dicaments (LR-D/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant&#233 (IRSS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Dé veloppement du M&#233dicament (LADME) Centre de Formation deRecherche et d&#8217Expertises en Sciences du M&#233dicament (CEA-CFOREM) &#201cole Doctorale Sciences de la Sant&#233 (ED2S) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso International Research laboratory-Environnement Sant&#233 Soci&#233t&#233s (IRL 3189 ESS) CNRS/CNRST/UCAD/UGB/USTTB Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the plant extracts phytochemical potential and study the activities of the aqueous decoction (GS_AD), aqueous macerate (GS_AM), and hydroalcoholic macerate (GS_HEM) of Gomphrena serrata extracts on two developmental stages (eggs and adult worms) of Haemonchus contortus. Phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD) test guideline 423. The Haemonchus contortus eggs hatching inhibition test was performed left to incubate for 48 hours in the presence of the different plant extracts at increasing concentrations of 0.125;0.25;0.5;0.625;1;2;3 mg/mL. For the motility inhibition test on adult worms, the worms were contacted with the extracts at concentrations of 0.75;1;1.25;1.5;2;3;4 mg/mL and left to incubate for 24 hours. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standard. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenes, and flavonoids. An acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of G. serrata was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. All extracts showed an effect on both stages of parasite development. The hatching inhibition rate was 100% from 3 mg/mL for all three extracts. The rate of inhibition of motility was 100% from 4 mg/mL for each extract. HEM is more efficient on eggs and Haemonchus contortus adult worms than other extracts with IC50 of 0.457 mg/mL and LC50 of 1.329 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata, a plant used by farmers, has anthelmintic properties.

关键词： Gomphrena serrata Haemonchus contortus Anthelmintic In Vitro

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Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Bioclimatic Building Prototype in a Sahelian Zone

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第8期15卷 187-199页

作者： Arouna Kaboré Boukaré Ouédraogo Sayouba Sandwidi Vincent Zoma Hermann Kaboré Kalifa Palm laboratoire des Energies Thermiques et Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de lEnvironnement Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire des Systmes denergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Buildings constructed with modern materials (cement blocks, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, etc.) in the Sahelian zone often generate excessive electricity consumption and consequently very high electricity bills. This study is a contribution to the development of new building types based on the principle of bioclimatic construction. The aim is to find materials suited to the Sahelian climate and improve thermal comfort. To this end, an experimental study of the hygrothermal behavior of a bioclimatic building prototype with a domed roof is being carried out. Site meteorological data, air temperature and relative humidity of the building’s internal environment were measured for three climatic seasons in Burkina Faso. The data acquisition system consists of thermocouples, solarimeters and humidity meters, and the data are processed using Excel and Origin Pro software. The results show that, despite the high temperature values (between 36˚C and 39˚C) of the internal environment measured in the hot season, good thermal performance is achieved, in particular an average phase shift of 7.17 h and an average damping of 10.81˚C. The dome-roofed building could therefore contribute to limiting heat transmission to the building interior, improving thermal comfort all year round. Analysis of humidity profiles shows that indoor humidity varies between 66% and 80% for the September period, and between 44% and 69% for the January period. The high values of internal ambient humidity could be reduced by very good ventilation of the building. This study shows that the proposed bioclimatic building prototype with domed roof could be integrated into the Sahelian habitat.

关键词： Thermal Comfort Hygrothermal Behavior Bioclimatic Building Thermal Inertia Domed Roof

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Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation and health status of adult Onychostoma macrolepis

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第5期9卷 795-803页

作者： Jishu Zhou Peng Feng Yang Li Hong Ji Enric Gisbert College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentaries(IRTA)Aquaculture Program Centre de Sant Carles de la RapitaCrta.de Poble Nou km 5.5P.O.Box 200Sant Carles de la RapitaTarragona43540Spain

The effects of different dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation,inflammatory response,serum bio-chemical index and histological features of intestine and hepatopancreas of *** was experimentally evaluated in an eight-weeks ***(initial weight 50.11±2.86 g)were fed with five iso-nitrogenous diets(around 390 g/kg protein)varying with lipid level(5%,7%,9%,11%,13%,being LL5,LL7,LL9,LL11,and LL13 respectively)in *** showed that the content of crude lipid in carcass and hepatopancreas were not affected by dietary lipid levels(P>0.05).Serum ALT,TP,HDL-c and MDA,etc.,were not significantly affected by diets(P>0.05),while serum total antioxidant capacity in LL9 and LL11 groups were significantly higher than the other groups(P0.05),while the height of intestine villus showed the higher trend in LL9 compared with other *** relative expression of lipid metabolism related genes(pparα,cpt-1α,fas,and hsl)and immune response related genes(tlr 22,nrf 2,tnfα,and il-γ)in the hepatopancreas of fish fed diets differing in their crude lipid levels were not significantly different(P>0.05).The results suggested that a proper dietary lipid level of 9%-11%could maintain higher antioxidant and health status of adult ***.

关键词： Aquaculture Dietary lipid levels Lipid metabolism O.macrolepis

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Variation of Transition Characteristics in a Wall Jet

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第2期12卷 167-170页

作者： Marie-Francoise Scibilia centre national de la recherche scientifique ParisFrance

The characteristics of a laminar wall jet submitted to different configurations have been experimentally explored in order to obtain a better knowledge of transition modifications,In fact different parameters can accelerate or delay the transition using a smooth or rough surface,heated or not,submitted to vibrations or not .In this study,significant effects can be *** has been possible to measure the beginning of growth rates of disturbance amplitude using a wind tunnel and comparing the results with the linear stability theory.

关键词： wall jet transition acoustic vibration heat transfer turbulence roughness.

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Engineering of efficient visible light photocatalysts:Ti_(1-x+y)Cu_(x)la_(y)O_(2)(x=0.03;y=0,0.005,0.01) compositions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 497-505,I0003页

作者： S.M.Yakout A.M.Youssef Inorganic Chemistry department National Research Centre(NRC)El Buhouth StDokkiCairo12622Egypt

In dye-photocatalysis, widening the wavelengths absorption range of catalysts as well as aborting the recombination of the photoexcited charge carriers(electrons-holes pairs) are of paramount *** the current study, we report the photocatalytic characteristics of four compositions composed of TiO_(2),Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)powders for two harmful dyes(Congo red and methylene blue). The X-ray diffraction technique verified the configuration of mixed anatase and rutile phases in pure TiO_(2)and Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2)powders while Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)powders possess anatase phase only. The changes of the band gap structure and dimensions of the unit cell volume of TiO_(2)confirm the substitution of Ti^(4+)sites by Cu^(2+)and la^(3+)ions. Remarkable widening of wavelengths absorption with formation of long absorption tails were found in TiO_(2)(3.13 e V) through insertion of la^(3+)plus Cu^(2+)ions. Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)samples exhibit a visible light band gap of 2.3 and 2.7 e V, respectively. Based on SEM images, incorporation of Cu^(2+)and la^(3+)ions influences the surface morphology of TiO_(2). The resulting Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)powders present enhanced photocatalytic activity towards Congo red dye degradation compared to pure one under natural solar spectrum. The best Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic activity of 96% for 10 ppm CR dye in 20 min as well as above average photocatalytic efficiency of 63% for 30 ppm CR dye in 120 min. As well, it showed acceptable photodegradation activity of 52% for 30 ppm MB solution in 140 min of sunlight irradiation. The heightened photodegradation efficiency of Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)la_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst can be clarified in terms of higher ch

关键词： Semiconductor TiO_(2) Rare earths Congo red Methylene blue Solar spectrum Photodegradation

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Interest of thoracic ultrasound after cardiac surgery or interventional cardiology

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第3期16卷 118-125页

作者： Martin Boussuges Philippe Blanc Fabienne Bregeon Alain Boussuges Service de Pneumologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud ReunionSaint Pierre 97410Ile de la ReunionFrance department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Ste Clotilde&YlangYlang Rehabilitation CenterSainte Clotilde 97491Ile de la ReunionFrance Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires Centre Hospitalier Universitaire NordAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseille 13015France Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseille 13005France Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Aix Marseille UniversitéInstitut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleInstitut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculturel’Alimentation et l’EnvironnementMarseille 13005France

Thoracic ultrasound has attracted much interest in detecting pleural effusion or pulmonary consolidation after cardiac *** 2016,Trovato reported,in the World Journal of Cardiology,the interest of using,in addition to echocardiography,thoracic *** this editorial,we highlight the value of assessing diaphragm function after cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology *** factors are able to impair diaphragm function after such *** motion may be decreased by chest pain secondary to sternotomy,pleural effusion or impaired muscle *** paralysis may be secondary to phrenic nerve damage complicating cardiac surgery or atrial fibrillation *** may be ***,respi-ratory troubles induced by diaphragm dysfunction are frequently attributed to pre-existing heart disease or pulmonary complications secondary to *** addition,elevated hemidiaphragm secondary to diaphragm dysfunction is sometimes not observed on chest X-ray performed in supine position in the intensive care *** of diaphragm function by ultrasound during the recovery period appears *** hemidiaphragms can be studied by two complementary ultrasound *** mobility of each hemidiaphragms is measured by M-mode *** addition,recording the percentage of inspiratory thickening provides important information about the quality of muscle *** two approaches make it possible to detect hemidiaphragm paralysis or *** a diagnosis is important because persistent diaphragm dysfunction after cardiac surgery has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory *** respiratory physio-therapy is able to improve respiratory function through strengthening of the inspiratory muscles *** and accessory inspiratory muscles.

关键词： Ultrasonography Diaphragm Phrenic nerve Hemidiaphragm Thickening fraction Physiotherapy

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developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： William J.DAVIES lancaster Environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

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Purity-dependent Lorenz number,electron hydrodynamics and electron-phonon coupling in WTe_(2)

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 153-158页

作者： Wei Xie Feng Yang Liangcai Xu Xiaokang Li Zengwei Zhu Kamran Behnia Wuhan national High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux(ESPCI-cnrs-Sorbonne Université)PSL University Paris 75005France

We present a study of electrical and thermal transport in Weyl semimetal WTe_(2)down to 0.3 *** Wiedemann-Franz law holds below 2 K and a downward deviation starts *** deviation is more pronounced in cleaner samples,as expected in the hydrodynamic picture of electronic transport,where a fraction of electron-electron collisions conserve *** are the dominant heat carriers and their mean-free-path does not display a Knudsen *** is presumably a consequence of weak anharmonicity,as indicated by the temperature dependence of the specific *** momentum exchange between phonons and electrons leads to quantum oscillations of the phononic thermal ***-Grüneisen picture of electron-phonon scattering breaks down at low temperature when Umklapp ph-ph collisions cease to be a sink for electronic flow of *** with semi-metallic Sb shows that normal ph-ph collisions are amplified by *** both semimetals,at cryogenic temperature,e-ph collisions degrade the phononic flow of energy but not the electronic flow of momentum.

关键词： thermal conductivity Wiedemann-Franz law electron hydrodynamics electron-phonon coupling

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