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Evaluating Effect of Magnetic Field on Nusselt Number and Friction Factor of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 /Water Nanofluids in Heat-Sink Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 131-162页

作者： L. S. Sundar Sérgio M. O. Tavares António M. B. Pereira Antonio C. M. Sousa centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AveiroAveiro3810-131Portugal

The experimental analysis takes too much time-consuming process and requires considerable effort, while, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms are simple, affordable, and fast, and they allow us to make a relevant analysis in establishing an appropriate relationship between the input and output parameters. This paper deals with the use of back-propagation ANN algorithms for the experimental data of heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and friction factor of water-based Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 magnetic hybrid nanofluids in a mini heat sink under magnetic fields. The data considered for the ANN network is at different Reynolds numbers (239 to 1874), different volume concentrations (0% to 2.0%), and different magnetic fields (250 to 1000 G), respectively. Three types of ANN back-propagation algorithms Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno Quasi Newton (BFGS), and Variable Learning Rate Gradient Descent (VLGD) were used to train the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and friction factor data, respectively. The ANOVA t -test analysis was also performed to determine the relative accuracy of the three ANN algorithms. The Nusselt number of 2.0% vol. of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 hybrid nanofluid is enhanced by 38.16% without a magnetic field, and it is further enhanced by 88.93% with the magnetic field of 1000 Gauss at a Reynolds number of 1874, with respect to the base fluid. A total of 126 datasets of heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and friction factor were used as input and output data. The three ANN algorithms of LM, BFGS, and VLGD, have shown good acceptance with the experimental data with root-mean-square errors of 0.34883, 0.25341, and 1.0202 with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.99954, 0.9967, and 0.94501, respectively, for the Nusselt number data. Moreover, the three ANN algorithms predict root-mean-square errors of 0.001488, 0.005041, and 0.006924 with correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of 0.99982, 0.99976, and 0.99486, respect

关键词： Artificial neural network nusselt number friction factor heat sink correlations

Genomic insights into ecological adaptation of oaks revealed byphylogenomic analysis of multiple species

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 53-67页

作者： Tian-Rui Wang Xin Ning Si-Si Zheng Yu Li Zi-Jia Lu Hong-Hu Meng Bin-Jie Ge Gregor Kozlowski Meng-Xiao Yan Yi-Gang Song Eastern China Conservation centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Department of Biology and Botanic Garden University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland Natural History Museum Fribourg FribourgSwitzerland

Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate *** is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological *** we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous *** found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication *** addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak *** rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous *** study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.

关键词： Quercus Ecological adaptation Phylogenomics Transcriptomes Fagaceae

The First Non-Chordates QRFP-Like Peptide Receptor Gene in the Cephalopod Sepiella japonica:Identification,Characterization and Possible Role in Food Intake

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 195-208页

作者： LI Shuang HAO Qing QIU Jiayin ZHOU Xu CHI Changfeng ZHENG Libing National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization School of Marine Science and TechnologyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

The novel identified receptor,GPR103,now renamed QRFPR(also referred to as SP9155 or AQ27),is the endogenous receptor for the neuropeptide QRFP(also referred to as 26RFa).The distribution pattern,structure,and biological actions,such as feeding behavior,bone formation,and hormone secretion of QRFPR have been largely described in chordate species,while no research on QRFPR has been reported in non-chordate ***,the first non-chordates QRFP-like peptide receptor gene in the cephalopod Sepiella japonica(Sj_QRFPLR)was identified and *** from multiple alignments,phylogenetic analysis,and in vitro subcellular localization analysis indicated that Sj_QRFPLR is a class A GPCR and it belongs to the QRFPR ***,QRFPR is likely to be structurally conserved in cephalopod *** situ hybridization and RT-PCR data revealed a widespread distribution pattern of Sj_QRFPLR in multiple function lobes of the female brain and numerous peripheral tissues in both male and female ***,a food deprivation and refeeding experiment showed that Sj_QRFPLR is likely to stimulate food intake in ***,a possible link between Sj_QRFPLR and immune response was briefly detected in *** results will contribute to our understanding of QRFPR in the cephalopod as well as the peptidergic regulation of the QRFP/QRFPR system in non-chordates.

关键词： neuropeptide 26RFa/QRFP QRFP-like peptide receptor cuttlefish Sepiella japonica

New insights on the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural stem cell–mediated repair in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1699-1700页

作者： Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Spinal Cord Research CentreRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center WinnipegMBCanada Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba WinnipegMBCanada

Extensive neurodegeneration is a hallmark of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that underlies permanent sensorimotor and autonomic impairments (Alizadeh et al.,2019).Following the primary impact,the spinal cord undergoes a cascade of secondary injury mechanisms that are driven by disruption of the blood-spinal cord ba rrier,vascula r inju ry,glial reactivity,neu roinfla mmation,oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation,and glutamate excitotoxicity that culminate in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death,demyelination,and axonal damage(Alizadeh et al.,2019).To achieve a meaningful functional recovery after SCI,regeneration of new neurons and oligodendrocytes and their successful growth and integration within the neural network are critical steps for reconstructing the damaged spinal cord tissue (Fischer et al.,2020).

关键词： peroxidation Fischer injury

Bisulfite-mediated base-free decarboxylative carbonylsulfination of alkenes:access toβ-keto sultines

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 622-630页

作者： Yongxin Zhang Pan Zhou Xinyue Ma Xiaoxiao Yang Xing Fang Yuxi Wang Chao Shu State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon ReductionCCNU-uOttawa Joint Research CentreCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal University(CCNU)Wuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of EducationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000China

A straightforward three-component decarboxylative cross-coupling ofα-keto acids,alkenes and sodium bisulfite is established for the construction of otherwise challenging-to-accessβ-keto sultine *** reaction involves the photoinduced carbonylsulfination of alkenes and utilizes sodium bisulfite as both a sulfur dioxide surrogate and buffer agent for deprotonation ofα-keto carboxylic *** note,the practical procedure featured broad substrate scope and group tolerance for diverse biologically important molecules under mild and operationally simple conditions,using an organic *** studies indicated that the transformation proceeds an apparent two-pronged radical addition/radical-polar crossover/SO_(2) insertion/ionic cyclization relay process,distinct from traditional alkenes bifunctionalization.

关键词： photoredox catalysis β-keto sultines carbonylsulfination sodium bisulfite radical

Recent developments in MQL machining of aeronautical materials:A comparative review

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 43-69页

作者： Syed Hammad ALI Yu YAO Bangfu WU Biao ZHAO Wenfeng DING Muhammad JAMIL Ahmar KHAN Asra BAIG Qi LIU Dongdong XU National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Mechanical Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi 75270Pakistan centre for Precision Manufacturing University of StrathclydeGlasgow G11XQUK School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),as a new sustainable and eco-friendly alternative cooling/lubrication technology that addresses the limitations of dry and wet machining,utilizes a small amount of lubricant or coolant to reduce friction,tool wear,and heat during cutting *** technique has witnessed significant developments in recent years,such as combining MQL with other sustainable techniques to achieve optimum results,using biodegradable lubricants,and innovations in nozzle designs and delivery *** review presents an in-depth analysis of machining characteristics(e.g.,cutting forces,temperature,tool wear,chip morphology and surface integrity,etc.)and sustainability characteristics(e.g.,energy consumption,carbon emissions,processing time,machining cost,etc.)of conventional MQL and hybrid MQL techniques like cryogenic MQL,Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube MQL,nanofluids MQL,hybrid nanofluid MQL and ultrasonic vibration assisted MQL in machining of aeronautical ***,the latest research and developments are analyzed and summarized in the field of MQL,and provide a detailed comparison between each technique,considering advantages,challenges,and limitations in practical *** addition,this review serves as a valuable source for researchers and engineers to optimize machining processes while minimizing environmental impact and operational ***,the potential future aspects of MQL for research and industrial execution are discussed.

关键词： Aerospace materials Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL) Cryogenic Nanofluid Grinding Milling Sustainability

Restless head syndrome:A retrospective study

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 51-59页

作者： Sanjay Prakash Varoon Vadodaria Niraj Chawda Chetsi S Shah Anurag Prakash Department of Neurology Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research CentreSumandeep VidyapeethVadodara 391760GujarātIndia Department of Medicine Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research CentreSumandeep VidyapeethVadodara 391760GujarātIndia Department of Medicine Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research CentreParul University WaghodiaVadodara 391760India

BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower *** typically affects the ***,it can also affect several other body regions,such as the arms,abdomen,face,neck,head,and genital *** are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the *** To assess the epidemiological,clinical,and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the *** We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients(>18 years)who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptoms in the *** The median age at which symptoms appeared was 41.6 *** and females were equally affected(1.1:1).All 17 patients had uncomfortable sensations in the lower *** or disturbed sleep was the most common comorbidity(n=16,88.2%).However,headache was the most common presenting or primary symptom(n=10,70.5%).Dizziness or an abnormal sensation in the head was the second most common presenting symptom(5 patients,29.4%).Other presenting features were leg pain,backache,and generalized body *** patients responded favorably to dopaminergic *** If RLS-related unpleasant sensations and pain are felt in the head,they may be misinterpreted as headache,dizziness,or psychosomatic *** and headaches in a subset of patients may be two phenotypic manifestations of the same disorder.

关键词： Restless legs syndrome Restless head syndrome Dopamine Headache Migraine Tension-type headache

Unexpected Diagnosis of an Intraoperative Riedel’s Thyroiditis and Analysis of Current Data

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2025年第1期14卷 68-75页

作者： Abdallah Witti Adou Kamil Ahmed Kamil Filsan Absieh Bouh Nour Houmed Mohamed Daoud Ali Mohamed Mahyoub Abdallah Mahyoub Awaleh Ahmed Awaleh centre Mdico-Chirurgical de La Police Djibouti Djibouti Hpital Cheikho de Balbala Djibouti Djibouti

Background: Riedel’s thyroiditis is a rare form of chronic inflammatory disease affecting the thyroid gland. It is characterised by the replacement of the thyroid parenchyma by fibrous tissue. It also affects the adjacent vital structures. Due to its characteristic presentations, Riedel’s thyroiditis may not be immediately diagnosed. Objectives: Through this clinical case, we aimed to describe the pathology and clinical characteristics of Riedel’s thyroiditis and the diagnostic, therapeutic, and progressive modalities. Methods: A 62-year-old woman with no particular pathological history is consulted at the outpatient clinic for anterior cervical swelling that has been present for more than 5 years and is associated with respiratory discomfort and dysphagia to solids. Clinical examination, ultrasound, lab tests and injected cervical computed tomography (CT) were performed. These tests were completed with pathological examination. Results: General conditions were normal. Anterior cervical swelling, marked on the right, of hard consistency, causing cervical shielding with healthy surrounding skin, was observed at the examination. A compressive goitre was first suspected. Thyroid tests showed hypothyroidism. The CT revealed a hypodense goitre with micro-calcifications developed at the expense of the right lobe and exerting a mass effect on the trachea and oesophagus. Aspiration thyroid was not conclusive given the suspicion of the malignant nature of the goitre, and the decision to perform a right loboisthmectomy was taken. Pathological examination of the biopsy showed atrophy of the thyroid parenchyma with dense septal fibrosis punctuated by lymphocytes and extending throughout the tissue associated with inflammation—an appearance in favour of Riedel’s thyroiditis. The patient was treated with Levothyroxine and corticoids. Conclusions: This case points out the challenges in diagnosing Riedel’s Thyroiditis and the complexity of the pathology that requires a rigorous dia

关键词： Riedel’s Thyroiditis Diagnostic Challenges Hypothyroidism Compressive Symptoms Anapathology Djibouti

Thermospheric neutral wind studies over the equatorial region:A review

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 81-100页

作者： Siti Syazwani Nasuha Idahwati Sarudin Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid Ahmad Fairuz Omar School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Space Science centre(ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangesUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia

Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several ***,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still *** ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric ***,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain *** address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different *** low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip *** neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the ***,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be *** review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.

关键词： thermospheric neutral wind thermosphere-ionosphere system dip equator equatorial region