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Examining Inequality in the Public Health Workforce Distribution in the centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs) System in China, 2008–2017

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期33卷 374-383页

作者： LI Yuan Qiu CHEN Hao GUO Hao Yan Office of Policy Research Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective Allocation of human resources to address inequalities in the public health system has increasingly attracted societal and political *** the centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)system of China as an example,we evaluated inequality in the public health workforce distribution across different regions in China between 2008 and 2017,with the aim of providing information for policymakers to support resource allocation and address growing health *** We used three standard public health workforce inequality indices-Gini coefficient,Theil L,and Theil T-and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore spatial clusters of the workforce in different provinces,visualized with geographical *** The aggregate workforce-to-population ratio decreased from 1.47 to 1.42 per 10,000 population from 2008 to 2017,and was consistently lower than the National Health Commission’s(NHC)recommended critical shortage threshold of *** workforce distribution inequality indices varied by regional socioeconomic and health system *** clustering of CDCs workforce distribution was evident,with H–H and L–L clusters in western China and the Guangdong-Fujian region,*** Our study addressed key issues for government and policymakers in allocation of public health human *** is an urgent need for careful identification of analytic questions that will help carry out public health functions in the new era,alongside policy implications for an equitable distribution of the public health workforce focusing on the western region and low–low cluster areas.

关键词： Inequality Public health workforce CDCs Gini coefficient Geographical distribution

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Investigation and analysis of the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff involved in the detection of pathogens in seven provincial centers for disease control and prevention in China

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第4期3卷 224-229页

作者： Yan Liu Yuanyuan Guo Sisi Li Bo Liu Jing Wen Chihong Zhao Chinese Center for disease control and prevention Beijing 102206China National Institute of Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

This study aims to evaluate the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff working on pathogens detection in seven centers for disease control and prevention and support these staff's biosafety management and training.A total of 208 laboratory staff from seven provincial CDCs were chosen by stratified random sampling to undergo a self-administered questionnaire *** collected data were analyzed using SPSS *** overall average biosafety awareness of the CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection was 82.5 *** average biosafety awareness score was the highest in health monitoring(92.63 points)and the lowest in risk assessment and control(41.6 points).Among the seven provincial CDCs,the Guizhou Provincial Center for disease control and prevention laboratory staff showed the lowest average biosafety awareness score(74.3 points).The team who worked for 5–14 years were more likely to score above the passing score(≥88 points;corrected OR 0.400,95%CI:0.168–0.951)than the staff with less than five years of work *** addition,the mid-level and junior-level staff,as well as the lower position ones were more likely to score below the passing score(<88 points;junior level and lower:corrected OR 3.473,95%CI:1.028–11.737;mid-level:corrected OR 2.797,95%CI:1.027–7.618)compared with the senior-level *** the surveyed team,66.3%identified a lack of specific funds related to work,61.5%identified a lack of designated personnel for the laboratory biosafety *** biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection is low,especially regarding risk assessment and *** biosafety awareness in Guizhou and Guangxi Provincial CDC laboratory staff is also *** funding,job title,and years of experience in a laboratory influence biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory *** biosafety knowledge,education,and training of CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection need to improve by paying attention to t

关键词： Center for disease control and prevention Laboratory staff Biosafety awareness Biosafety knowledge

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Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第3期29卷 371-378页

作者： Emily J.Haas centers for disease control and prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining ***,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable *** a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology *** CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure *** study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM ***,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing ***,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management *** indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

关键词： Autonomous organization Continuous personal dust monitor Respirable coal mine dust Safety and health management system Self-determination theory

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Can an evidence-based fall prevention program be translated for use in culturally diverse communities?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第1期3卷 32-33,65页

作者： David A.Sleet Grant T.Baldwin centers for disease control and prevention

Older adult falls are a significant public health problem,but one that is amenable to preventive interventions.1,2 Despite the progress made in identifying risk factors,developing efficacious health-related interventions,and promoting evidencebased programs in the community,much work remains before these strategies are broadly available and effectively used to reduce fall-related injuries.3 As Newton and ScottFindlay4 have pointed out,the translation of basic scientific knowledge into clinical studies,and the transformation of clinical studies into improvements in health services and public health practices,remain major obstacles to widespread adoption.

关键词： Can an evidence-based fall prevention program be translated for use in culturally diverse communities

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of the Pertussis in Infants < 12 Months of Age in Tianjin, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期30卷 545-548页

作者： HUANG Hai Tao GAO Zhi Gang LIU Yong WANG Li Juan LIU Yan Ping ZHANG Ying Tianjin centers for disease control and prevention Tianjin 300011 China Hangu centers for disease control and prevention Tianjin 300480 China

The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence of infants was 104.66/100,000, which was 118 times higher than in other age groups （P 〈 0.001）. The primary type of pertussis simultaneously presented in households was adult-to-infant （70.51%）. The parents were identified as the source of infection in 80.18% of cases for infants. The positive rate of placental antibody transfer was 31.06% and 3.13% for 3-month-old infants. Infants presented the highest age-specific pertussis incidence. The most important reason was parents were the important sources of infection, and secondly the lower level of antibodies in neonates and the rapid waning of maternal antibody titer.

关键词： of is In for were Months of Age in Tianjin China Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of the Pertussis in Infants

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Preparation and Initial Application of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for a Newly Discovered Conserved Linear Epitope of Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期25卷 98-103页

作者： LV Xin Jun MA Xue Jun WANG Li Hua LI Hao SHEN Xin Xin YU Peng Cheng TANG Qing LIANG Guo Dong State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control Department of Viral Encephalitis Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering Department of Core Facility Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Objective To prepare monoclonal antibodies against a newly discovered and conserved linear epitope of Rabies virus nucleoprotein and to use them in a rabies diagnostic test. Methods Synthetic peptide containing the epitope was used as immunogen to prepare hybridoma cell lines by classical hybridoma technology. Anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies produced in ascites of inoculated Balb/c mice were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） after purification and used in fluorescent antibody test （FAT）. Results Two positive hybridoma cell lines, RVNP-mAbl-CL and RVNP-mAb2-CL, were obtained. RVNP- mAbl-CL produced a higher concentration of monoclonal antibody RVNP-mAbl in Balb/c ascites. FITC-labeled RVNP-mAbl showed correct results on certain Rabies virus-positive canine brain tissue samples and cells of a small subclone of baby hamster kidney 21 cell line （BSR）. Conclusion FITC-labeled RVNP-mAbl has potential application for laboratory diagnosis of rabies

关键词： Rabies virus Nucleoprotein Epitope Peptide Monoclonal antibody

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Application of Seasonal Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average Model in Forecasting the Incidence of Hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuhan,China

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2017年第6期37卷 842-848页

作者：彭颖余滨汪鹏孔德广陈邦华杨小兵 Wuhan centers for disease prevention and control Wuhan 430015China

Outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） have occurred many times and caused serious health burden in China since 2008. Application of modern information technology to prediction and early response can be helpful for efficient HFMD prevention and control. A seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model for time series analysis was designed in this study. Eighty-four-month（from January 2009 to December 2015） retrospective data obtained from the Chinese Information System for disease prevention and control were subjected to ARIMA modeling. The coefficient of determination（R^2）, normalized Bayesian Information Criterion（BIC） and Q-test P value were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of constructed models. Subsequently, the best-fitted ARIMA model was applied to predict the expected incidence of HFMD from January 2016 to December 2016. The best-fitted seasonal ARIMA model was identified as（1,0,1）（0,1,1）12, with the largest coefficient of determination（R^2=0.743） and lowest normalized BIC（BIC=3.645） value. The residuals of the model also showed non-significant autocorrelations（P_（Box-Ljung（Q））=0.299）. The predictions by the optimum ARIMA model adequately captured the pattern in the data and exhibited two peaks of activity over the forecast interval, including a major peak during April to June, and again a light peak for September to November. The ARIMA model proposed in this study can forecast HFMD incidence trend effectively, which could provide useful support for future HFMD prevention and control in the study area. Besides, further observations should be added continually into the modeling data set, and parameters of the models should be adjusted accordingly.

关键词： hand-foot-mouth disease forecast surveillance modeling auto-regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)

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An imported Genotype D Coxsackievirus B4 Strain Identified in Tianjin,China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期35卷 239-247页

作者： TAN Zhao Lin LYU Li Kun XIE Tong LI Li LI Xiao Yan Tianjin centers for disease control and prevention Tianjin 300011China

Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is an infectious disease caused by various enterovirus(EV)serotypes and occurs in infants and children across the *** mild symptoms of HFMD include fever and a maculopapular rash on th... 详细信息

关键词： fever enterovirus patients

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Recent Trends and Challenges with COVID-19—Africa,April 4,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第21期2卷 365-369页

作者： Xiaochun Wang Shuo Chen Feng Tan George F.Gao Chinese Center for disease control and prevention BeijingChina Africa centers for disease control and prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported,the current epidemic in Africa has rapidly *** is added by this report?As of April 4,2020,a total of 7,405 confirmed cases and 305 deaths had been reported from 51 countries across *** cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases varied among the five regions of Africa,of which northern Africa reported the largest number of confirmed *** five countries with the highest number of cases are South Africa,Algeria,Egypt,Morocco,and *** are the implications for public health practice?

关键词： fir Africa COV

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Findings from 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Implementation of MPOWER Policy in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 422-429页

作者： GONG-HUAN YANG QIANG LI CONG-XIAO WANG JASON HSIA YAN YANG LIN XIAO JIE YANG Lu-HUA ZHAO JIAN ZHANG LI XIE Chinese Center Of disease control and prevention Beo'ing 100050 China Office On Smoking and Health Us Centers Of Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

Objective To assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies in China： protection from second-hand smoke （SHS）; offering help to quit; health warnings regarding tobacco use; the enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and increasing tobacco taxes and prices. Methods Using 2010 Global Adults Tobacco Survey in China （GATS-China）, 10 indicators are used to assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies of MPOWER in China. Results Overall, 63.3% and 72.7% of adultsnoticed people smoking indoor workplaces and public places, respectively. Approximately 60% of smokers were not asked about their smoking habits and approximately 67% were not advised to quit on their visit to a health worker. Sixty percent of adults noticed health warning messages on cigarette packaging and in the media in the last 30 days, 63.6% stated that they would not consider quitting. Twenty percent of respondents noticed tobacco advertising, promotion, and/or sponsorship activities in the 30 days prior to the survey. Among them, 76.3% noticed the direct advertising and 50% noticed from TV programs. Although purchasing price of one pack of cigarettes ranged from 1 to 200 RMB, 50% of current smokers （about 150 million） spent 5 RMB or less on one pack of cigarette. The expenditure on 100 packets of cigarettes represents 2% of 2009 GDP per capita. Conclusion The average score for the implementation of the 5 policies of MPOWER in China is 37.3 points, indicating tobacco control policies in China is poor and there is a large gaps from the FCTC requirements.

关键词： Tobacco control Implementation of FCTC MPOWER policies China

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