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Differentiations of geographic distribution and subsistence strategies between Tibetan and other major ethnic groups are determined by the physical environment in Hehuang Valley

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第2期62卷 412-422页

作者： Xin JIA Harry F.LEE Mengchun CUI Guoquan CHENG Yang ZHAO hong DING Ricci P.H.YUE Huayu LU School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University College of Earth and environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Needham Research Institute Department of Geography and Resource management The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Marxism Taiyuan University of Technology Department of Geography and International center for China Development Studies The University of Hong Kong

The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical *** ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationsh

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Ethnic group Ethnic geography Hehuang Valley Ando Tibetan region

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Spatial patterns, driving forces, and urbanization effects of China＇s internal migration： County-level analysis based on the 2000 and 2010 censuses

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第2期25卷 236-256页

作者： LIU Tao QI Yuanjing CAO Guangzhong LIU Hui Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong HK 999077 China School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China College of urban and environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Geography and Resource management The Chinese University of Hong Kong HK 999077China

China has witnessed unprecedented urbanization over the past decades. The rapid expansion of urban population has been dominantly contributed by the floating population from rural areas, of which the spatiotemporal patterns, driving forces, and multidimensional effects are scrutinized and evaluated in this study by using the latest national censuses conducted in 2000 and 2010. Analysis based on the county-level data comes to conclusions as follows. The spatial pattern of floating population has remained stable over the first decade of the new century. The top 1% cities with the largest floating population received 45.5% of all migrants in China. As the rapid development of mega-city regions, the coastal concentration areas of floating population tended to geographically united as a whole, whereas the spatial distribution of migrants within each region varied significantly. The migrant concentration area in the Yangtze River Delta was the largest and its expansion was also the most salient. However, the floating population has growingly moved into provincial capitals and other big cities in the inland regions and its gravity center has moved northward for around 110 km during the study period. The spatial pattern of floating population has been formed jointly by the state and market forces in transitional China and the impacts of state forces have been surpassed by those of market forces in the country as a whole. The attractiveness of coastal cities and counties to the floating population comes mainly from the nonagricultural employment opportunities and public services, reflecting that long-distance and long-term migrants have moved coastward not only to gain employment but also to enjoy city life. By contrast, in the central and western regions, places with a higher economic development level and at a higher administrative level are more attractive to floating populations, demonstrating that the state remains to play an important role in allocating economic resour

关键词： floating population migration urbanization urban system megacity region census China

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Investigation of PM_(2.5) pollution during COVID-19 pandemic in Guangzhou,China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 443-452页

作者： Luyao Wen Chun Yang Xiaoliang Liao Yanhao Zhang Xuyang Chai Wenjun Gao Shulin Guo Yinglei Bi Suk-Ying Tsang Zhi-Feng Chen Zenghua Qi Zongwei Cai Guangdong-hong kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyRm 510Engineering Facility Building No.3Guangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of environmental and Biological Analysis Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Guangzhou Meteorological Public Service center Guangzhou Meteorological ServiceGuangzhou 510006China School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about various environmental issues,includ-ing PM_(2.5) ***,PM_(2.5) pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown was traced and an-alyzed to clarify the sources and factors influencing PM_(2.5) in Guangzhou,with an emphasis on heavy *** lockdown led to large reductions in industrial and traffic emissions,which significantly reduced PM_(2.5) concentrations in ***,the trend of PM_(2.5) concentrations was not consistent with traffic and industrial emissions,as minimum concentrations were observed in the fourth period(3/01-3/31,22.45 μg/m^(3))of the ***,the concentrations of other gaseous pollutants,e.g.,SO_(2),NO_(2) and CO,were corre-lated with industrial and traffic emissions,and the lowest values were noticed in the sec-ond period(1/24-2/0_(3))of the *** correlation analysis revealed that the decreased PM_(2.5) concentrations during COVID-19 can be mainly attributed to decreased in-dustrial and traffic emissions rather than meteorological *** meteorological factors were included in the PM_(2.5) composition and backward trajectory analyses,we found that long-distance transportation and secondary pollution offset the reduction of primary emissions in the second and third stages of the ***,industrial PM_(2.5) emis-sions from western,southern and southeastern Guangzhou play an important role in the formation of heavy pollution *** results not only verify the importance of control-ling traffic and industrial emissions,but also provide targets for further improvements in PM_(2.5) pollution.

关键词： PM_(2.5)pollution COVID-19 pandemic PM_(2.5)composition Meteorological analysis Source appointment

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Carbonaceous aerosols in PM_(10) and pollution gases in winter in Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2007年第5期19卷 564-571页

作者： ZHANG Ren-Jian CAO Jun-ji LEE Shun-cheng SHEN Zhen-xing HO Kin-Fai Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences START Regional Center for Temperate East Asia Beijing 100029 China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXi＇an 710075China Research center for urban environmental Technology and management Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of environmental Science and Technology Xi＇an Jiao Tong University Xi＇an 710049 China

An intensive observation of organic carbon （OC） and element carbon （EC） in PM10 and gaseous materials （SO2, CO, and O3,） was conducted continuously to assess the characteristics of wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in an urban area of Beijing, China. Results showed that the averaged total carbon （TC） and PM10 concentrations in observation period are 30.2±120.4 and 172.6±198.3 μ/m^3 respectively. Average OC concentration in nighttime （24.9±19.6 μ/m^3 was 40% higher than that in daytime （17.7±10.9 μ/m^3. Average EC concentrations in daytime （8.8±15.2 μ/m^3 was close to that in nighttime （8.9±15.1 μ/m^3. The OC/EC ratios in nighttime ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 are higher than that in daytime ranging from 1.9 to 2.0. The concentrations of OC, EC, PM10 were low with strong winds and high with weak winds. The OC and EC were well correlated with PM10, CO and SO2, which implies they have similar sources. OC and EC were not well correlated with O3. By considering variation of OC/EC ratios in daytime and night time, correlations between OC and O3, and meteorological condition, we speculated that OC and EC in Beijing PM10 were emitted as the primary particulate form. Emission of motor vehicle with low OC/EC ratio and coal combustion sources with high OC/EC ratio are probably the dominant sources for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter. A simple method was used to estimate the relative contribution of sources to carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10. Motor vehicle source accounts for 80% and 68%, while coal combustion accounts for 20% and 32% in daytime and nighttime, respectively in Beijing. Averagely, the motor vehicle and coal combustion accounted for 74% and 26%, respectively, for carbonaceous aerosols during the observation period. It points to the motor vehicle is dominant emission for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10 in winter period, which should be paid attention to control high level of PM10 in Beijing effectively.

关键词： organic carbon elemental carbon diurnal variation PM10

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Roadmap to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment under the One Health framework

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mLife 2023年第3期2卷 224-228页

作者： Liguan Li Tong Zhang environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory Center for Environmental Engineering ResearchDepartment of Civil EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Antibiotic resistance has been recognized as a major challenge worldwide for humans.“One Health”has been recognized as a key concept for containment of antibiotic *** the framework,the role of the environment in the development of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)has become increasingly *** numerous efforts,response to antibiotic re-sistance is considered to be inadequate,which is probably due to the lack of a clear ***,we propose a“One Health”roadmap to combat antibiotic resistance in the environment through(1)understanding environmental *** environmental gene pool has long been recognized as the single largest reservoir of both known and novel ARGs.(2)Standardizing ARG *** joint efforts based on standardized quantification are urgently needed to un-derstand the true tempospatial profiles of the environmental resistome.(3)Identifying mechanisms of resistome *** gene transfer and co-selection have been recognized as the two main mechanisms contributing to the environmental resistome.(4)Establishing a risk-assessment *** first critical step for large-scale cost-effective targeted ARG management in the environment is the risk assessment to identify the priority ARGs for control.(5)Formulating regulatory *** correlating the environmental ARG profile with public health,we may identify the indicator ARGs that can be integrated into current environmental quality standards.(6)Developing control *** analysis of available control technologies is required to identify the most feasible ones to curtail the spread of ARGs in the *** proposed roadmap under the“One Health”framework provides a guide to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment.

关键词： antibiotic resistance environment One Health roadmap

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Sustainable Application of a Novel Water Cycle Using Seawater for Toilet Flushing

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Engineering 2016年第4期2卷 460-469页

作者： Xiaoming Liu Ji Dai Di Wu Feng Jiang Guanghao Chen Ho-Kwong Chui Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht Department of Civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Water Technology center The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Chinese National Engineering Research center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (hong kong Branch) The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology l-long Kong China School of Chemistry and Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Delft2629 HZ the Netherlands

Global water security is a severe issue that threatens human health and well-being. Finding sustainable alternative water resources has become a matter of great urgency. For coastal urban areas, desalinated seawater could serve as a freshwater supply. However, since 20%-30% of the water supply is used for flushing waste from the city, seawater with simple treatment could also partly replace the use of freshwater. In this work, the freshwater saving potential and environmental impacts of the urban water system （water-wastewater closed loop） adopting seawater desalination, seawater for toilet flushing （SWTF）, or reclaimed water for toilet flushing （RWTF） are compared with those of a conventional freshwater system, through a life-cycle assessment and sensitivity analysis. The potential applications of these processes are also assessed. The results support the environmental sustainability of the SWTF approach, but its potential application depends on the coastal distance and effective population density of a city. Developed coastal cities with an effective population density exceeding 3000 ***-2 and located less than 30 km from the seashore （for the main pipe supplying seawater to the city） would benefit from applying SWTF, regardless of other impact parameters. By further applying the sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, and nitrification integrated （SANI） process for wastewater treatment, the maximum distance from the seashore can be extended to 60 km. Considering that most modern urbanized cities fulfill these criteria, the next generation of water supply systems could consist of a freshwater supply coupled with a seawater supply for sustainable urban development.

关键词： Alternative water resources Seawater toilet flushing SANIurban water system Life-cycle assessment

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RELATIVE LEVELS OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR PARTICLE NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN XI'AN

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China Particuology 2006年第6期4卷 342-345页

作者： Yanming Kang Ke Zhong Shun-Cheng Lee School of environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Research center of urban environmental Technology and management Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China

The time series of indoor and outdoor particle number concentrations in a naturally ventilated residential building in Xi＇an were tested simultaneously for 7 days in summer. The relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations were examined and discussed, and linear regression analysis was employed to correlate the indoor and outdoor concentrations. The diurnal cycles of indoor and outdoor particle concentrations of different particle size ranges all showed positive correlations between indoor and outdoor number concentrations, The I/O ratios of number concentrations varied with the increase of particle size in the range of 0.89 （±0.19） to 0.99 （±0.15）.

关键词： indoor and outdoor particle number concentration I/O ratio linear regression analysis

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Integration of principal components analysis and cellular automata for spatial decisionmaking and urban simulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第6期45卷 521-529页

作者：黎夏叶嘉安 Guangzhou Institute of Geography Guangzhou 510070 China Centre of urban planning and environmental management The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

This paper discusses the issues about the correlation of spatial variables during spatial decisionmaking using multicriteria evaluation (MCE) and cellular automata (CA). The correlation of spatial variables can cause the malfunction of MCE. In urban simulation, spatial factors often exhibit a high degree of correlation which is considered as an undesirable property for MCE. This study uses principal components analysis (PCA) to remove data redundancy among a large set of spatial variables and determine 'ideal points' for land development. PCA is integrated with cellular automata and geographical information systems (GIS) for the simulation of idealized urban forms for planning purposes.

关键词： principal components analysis, cellular automata, geographical information systems, urban simulation.

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Network analysis of eight industrial symbiosis systems

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第2期10卷 352-365页

作者： Yan ZHANG hongmei ZHENG Han SHI Xiangyi YU Gengyuan LIU Meirong SU Yating LI Yingying CHAI State Key Joint Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Public Policy City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Solid Waste and Chemical management center of MEP Beijing 100029 China Chinese Research Academy of environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Industrial symbiosis is the quintessential characteristic of an eco-industrial park. To divide parks into different types, previous studies mostly focused on qualitative judgments, and failed to use metrics to conduct quantitative research on the intemal structural or functional characteristics of a park. To analyze a park＇s structural attributes, a range of metrics from network analysis have been applied, but few researchers have compared two or more symbioses using multiple metrics. In this study, we used two metrics （density and network degree centraliza- tion） to compare the degrees of completeness and dependence of eight diverse but representative industrial symbiosis networks. Through the combination of the two metrics, we divided the networks into three types： weak completeness, and two forms of strong completeness, namely ＂anchor tenant＂ mutualism and ＂equality-oriented＂ mutualism. The results showed that the networks with a weak degree of completeness were sparse and had few connections among nodes; for ＂anchor tenant＂ mutualism, the degree of completeness was relatively high, but the affiliated members were too dependent on core members; and the members in ＂equality-oriented＂ mutualism had equal roles, with diverse and flexible symbiotic paths. These results revealed some of the systems＇ internal structure and how different structures influenced the exchanges of materials, energy, and knowledge among members of a system, thereby providing insights into threats that may destabilize the network. Based on this analysis, we provide examples of the advantages and effectiveness of recent improvement projects in a typical Chinese eco-industrial park （Shandong Lubei）.

关键词： industrial ecology network analysis density,network degree centralization eco-industrial park

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Low-frequency blue energy harvesting for sustainable and active anticorrosion

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Nano Research 2023年第9期16卷 11871-11877页

作者： Miaomiao Cui Yawei Feng Hao Wu Yuankai Jin Wanbo Li Zuankai Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Interdisciplinary Research center for Engineering Science School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Engineering materials serving in marine surroundings are inevitably *** corrosive marine conditions can also be utilized to harvest kinetic ocean wave energy to solve this *** water–solid triboelectrification to harvest lowfrequency wave energy for active anticorrosion is *** techniques are efficient in harnessing environmental energy with frequencies higher than 3 Hz,whereas the dominated ocean waves with optimal wave spectral density fluctuate from 0.45 to 1.5 ***,we proposed a highly efficient and sustainable blue energy-powered cathodic protection(BECP)strategy by fusing water–solid triboelectric nanogenerators and cathodic protection *** the highly efficient triboelectrification between the moving water and hydrophobic fluorinated ethylene propylene tube,we developed the built-in power module,enabling the harvest of ocean wave energy lower than 1.5 *** generated volumetric current density is 28.9 mA·m^(-3),5–20 times higher than the values of the reported ***,the proposed BECP performs comparably to conventional cathodic protection in corrosion ***,the proposed approach can be easily applied to ships,buoys,and other offshore platforms to simultaneously realize blue energy harvesting and engineering material protection,providing an alternative to traditional active protection technology.

关键词： corrosion inhibition blue energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator cathodic protection

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