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Spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic pulses from solid target irradiated with multi-hundred-terawatt laser pulse inside target chamber

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 62-69页

作者：何强友邓志刚张智猛夏亚东张博孟令彪贺书凯黄华杨雷刘红杰范伟林晨周维民李廷帅颜学庆 State Key Laboratory of nuclear physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of EducationCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People's Republic of China Science and Technology on Plasma physics Laboratory Research Center of Laser FusionChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900People's Republic of China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People's Republic of China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation center Beijing 101400People's Republic of China

Giant electromagnetic pulses(EMPs) induced by high-power laser irradiating solid targets interfere with various experimental diagnoses and even damage equipment,so unveiling the evolution of EMPs inside the laser chamber is crucial for designing effective EMP shielding.In this work,the transmission characteristics of EMPs as a function of distances from the target chamber center(TCC) are studied using B-dot probes.The mean EMP amplitude generated by picosecond laser-target interaction reaches 561 kV m^(-1),357 kV m^(-1),395 kV m^(-1),and 341 kV m^(-1)at 0.32 m,0.53 m,0.76 m,and 1 m from TCC,which decreases dramatically from 0.32 m to 0.53 m.However,it shows a fluctuation from 0.53 m to 1 m.The temporal features of EMPs indicate that time-domain EMP signals near the target chamber wall have a wider full width at half maximum compared to that close to TCC,mainly due to the echo oscillation of electromagnetic waves inside the target chamber based on simulation and experimentation.The conclusions of this study will provide a new approach to mitigate strong electromagnetic pulses by decreasing the echo oscillation of electromagnetic waves inside the target chamber during laser coupling with targets.

关键词： target electromagnetic pulses spatial distribution

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Evolution of N=20,28,50 shell closures in the 20≤Z≤30 region in deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum

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Chinese physics C 2024年第1期48卷 144-153页

作者：郑茹尤孙向向申国防耿立升 School of physics Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China School of nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institut für Kernphysik Institute for Advanced Simulation and Jülich Center for Hadron PhysicsForschungszentrum JülichD-52425 JülichGermany CAS Key Laboratory of theoretical physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Peng Huanwu Collaborative center for Research and Education Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced nuclear Materials and physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Southern center for nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China

Magicity,or shell closure,plays an important role in our understanding of complex nuclear phenomena.In this work,we employ one of the state-of-the-art density functional theories,the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)with the density functional PC-PK1,to investigate the evolution of the N=20,28,50 shell closures in the 20≤Z≤30 region.We show how these three conventional shell closures evolve from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line by studying the charge radii,two-neutron separation energies,two-neutron gaps,quadrupole deformations,and single-particle levels.In particular,we find that in the 21≤Z≤27 region,the N=50 shell closure disappears or becomes quenched,mainly due to the deformation effects.Similarly,both experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that the N=28 shell closure disappears in the Mn isotopic chain,mainly due to the deformation effects.The DRHBc theory predicts the existence of the N=20 shell closure in the Ca,Sc,and Ti isotopic chains,but the existing data for the Ti isotopes suggest the contrary,and therefore further research is needed.

关键词： shell evolution covariant density functional theories magic numbers

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Embedded Majorana islands

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Jin-Xing Hou Alex Weststr?m Rui Wang Wen-Li Yang Jian Li Institute of Modern physics Northwest University Department of physics School of Science Westlake University Shaanxi Key Laboratory for theoretical physics Frontiers Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of physics Nanjing University Collaborative Innovation center for Advanced Microstructures Peng Huanwu center for Fundamental Theory

Mesoscopic superconducting islands hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs), or Majorana islands in short, offer a prototype of topological qubits. In this work we investigate theoretically the model of a generic Majorana island tunneling-coupled to a singlepiece metallic substrate, hence an embedded Majorana island. We show the crucial consequences of an interplay between the topological ground states nonlocally addressed by the MZMs and the metallic bath with coherent electron propagation: on the one hand, the topological degeneracy on the Majorana island can be preserved, by virtue of the particle-hole symmetry, despite the apparent bath-induced coupling between MZMs; on the other hand, the electronic interference in the metallic bath may lead to profound alterations to the renormalization group behavior of the hybrid system towards low energy/temperature compared with conventional Kondo physics. This work serves to establish the model of embedded Majorana islands as an experimentally relevant and theoretically intriguing problem particularly in the direction of topological quantum computation.

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Projected changes in Köppen-Trewartha climate zones under 1.5-4℃global warming targets over mid-high latitudes of Northern Asia using an ensemble of RegCM4 simulations

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 185-196页

作者： Jie WU Xue-Jie GAO Xian-Bing TANG Filippo GIORGI School of Geography and Environmental Engineering Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhou 341000China Climate Change Research center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The Abdus Salam International Centre for theoretical physics Trieste 34100Italy

Mid-high latitude Northern Asia is one of the most vulnerable and sensitive areas to global warming,but relatively less studied previously.We used an ensemble of a regional climate model(RegCM4)projections to assess future changes in surface air temperature,precipitation and Köppen-Trewartha(K-T)climate types in Northern Asia under the 1.5-4℃global warming targets.RegCM4 is driven by five CMIP5 global models over an East Asia domain at a grid spacing of 25 km.Validation of the present day(1986-2005)simulations shows that the ensembles of RegCM4(ensR)and driving GCMs(ensG)reproduce the major characters of the observed temperature,precipitation and K-T climate zones reasonably well.Greater and more realistic spatial detail is found in RegCM4 compared to the driving GCMs.A general warming and overall increases in precipitation are projected over the region,with these changes being more pronounced at higher warming levels.The projected warming by ensR shows different spatial patterns,and is in general lower,compared to ensG in most months of the year,while the percentage increases of precipitation are maximum during the cold months.The future changes in K-T climate zones are characterized by a substantial expansion of Dc(temperature oceanic)and retreat of Ec(sub-arctic continental)over the region,reaching∼20%under the 4℃warming level.The most notable change in climate types in ensR is found over Japan(∼60%),followed by Southern Siberia,Mongolia,and the Korean Peninsula(∼40%).The largest change in the K-T climate types is found when increasing from 2 to 3℃.The results will help to better assess the impacts of climate change and in implementation of appropriate adaptation measures over the region.

关键词： Mid-high latitudes of Northern Asia Köppen climate zones Global warming targets Regional climate model

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Beamline design for multipurpose muon beams at CSNS EMuS

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 1-12页

作者： Yang Hong Ying-Peng Song Lu-Ping Zhou Jing-Yu Tang Zhi-Hao Zhou Nikolaos Vassilopoulos Institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science center Dongguan 523803China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Radiotherapy physics and Technology center Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science center Xi’an 710049China Department of Radiation Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

A new muon beam facility,called the Experimental Muon Source(EMuS),was proposed for construction at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).The design of the complex muon beamlines for the EMuS baseline scheme,which is based on superconducting solenoids,superferric dipoles and room-temperature magnets,is presented herein.Various muon beams,including surface muons,decay muons and low energy muons,have been developed for multipurpose applications.The optics design and simulation results of the trunk beamline and branch beamlines are presented.With a proton beam power of 25 kW at a standalone target station that consists of a conical graphite target and high-field superconducting solenoids,the muon beam intensity in the trunk beamline varies from 10^(7)/s for surface muons to 10^(10)/s for high-momentum decay muons.And at the endstations,these values vary from 10^(5)/s for surface muons to 10^(8)/s for decay muons.

关键词： Surface muons Decay muons Muon beamline Superconducting solenoids Multi-channel electrostatic separator

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In situ generation of oxyanions-decorated cobalt(nickel)oxyhydroxide catalyst with high corrosion resistance for stable and efficient seawater oxidation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 508-516页

作者： Fengting Luo Pei Yu Jueting Xiang Junjie Jiang Shijian Chen Chongqing Key Laboratory of Interface physics in Energy Conversion College of PhysicsChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China center of Modern physics Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in LiyangLiyang 213300JiangsuChina

The development of efficient and robust anode materials for stable alkaline seawater electrolysis is severely limited by chlorine evolution reaction and chloride corrosion.Here,the sulfur-doped cobalt-nickel bimetallic phosphides(CoNiPS)are specifically designed as a pre-catalyst for navigating a surface reconstruction to fabricate the anions(PO^(3-)_(4)and SO^(2-)_(4))-decorated Co(Ni)OOH catalyst(R-CoNiPS)with exceptional durability and high activity for stable alkaline seawater oxidation(AsO).Various experiment techniques together with theoretical simulations both demonstrate that the in situ-generated PO^(3-)_(4)and SO^(2-)_(4)anions on catalyst surface can improve the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,regulating and stabilizing the catalytic active species Co(Ni)OOH,as well as make a critical role in inhibiting the adsorp-tion of chloride ions and extending the service life of electrode.Therefore,this R-CoNipS electrode exhi-bits superb OER activity toward AsO and stands out among the non-precious AsO electrocatalysts reported recently,requiring low overpotentials of 420 and 440 mV to attain large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm^(-2)in an alkaline natural seawater electrolyte,respectively.Particularly,the catalyst displays a negligible chloride corrosion at room temperature during Aso operation(>200 h)at 500 mA cm^(-2).This work opens up a new viewpoint for designing high-activity and durable electrocata-lystsforseawaterelectrolysis.

关键词： Seawater electrolysis Anions Oxygen evolution reaction Chloride corrosion

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The energy response of LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals for GECAM

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 110-122页

作者： Pei-Yi Feng Xi-Lei Sun Zheng-Hua An Yong Deng Cheng-Er Wang Huang Jiang Jun-Jie Li Da-Li Zhang Xin-Qiao Li Shao-Lin Xiong Chao Zheng Ke Gong Sheng Yang Xiao-Jing Liu Min Gao Xiang-Yang Wen Ya-Qing liu Yan-Bing Xu Xiao-Yun Zhao Jia-Cong Liu Fan Zhang Hong Lu Particle and Astrophysics center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Experimental physics center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China National Engineering Research center for Rare Earth Grirem Advanced Materials Co.Ltd.and General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

The GECAM series of satellites utilizes LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals as sensitive materials for gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).To investigate the nonlinearity in the detection of low-energy gamma rays and address the errors in the calibration of the E-C relationship,comprehensive tests and comparative studies of the three aforementioned crystals were conducted using Compton electrons,radioactive sources,and mono-energetic X-rays.The nonlinearity test results of the Compton electrons and X-rays demonstrated substantial differences,with all three crystals presenting a higher nonlinearity for X/-rays than for Compton electrons.Despite the LaBr_(3)(Ce)and LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)crystals having higher absolute light yields,they exhibited a noticeable nonlinear decrease in the light yield,especially at energies below 400 keV.The NaI(Tl)crystal demonstrated an"excess"light output in the 6-200 keV range,reaching a maximum"excess"of 9.2%at 30 keV in the X-ray testing and up to 15.5%at 14 keV during Compton electron testing,indicating a significant advantage in the detection of low-energy gamma rays.Furthermore,we explored the underlying causes of the observed nonlinearity in these crystals.This study not only elucidates the detector responses of GECAM,but also initiates a comprehensive investigation of the nonlinearity of domestically produced lanthanum bromide and sodium iodide crystals.

关键词： LaBr_(3)(Ce)detector LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)detector NaI(Tl)detector GECAM Energy response Light yield nonlinearity

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Polariton lasing in Mie-resonant perovskite nanocavity

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第4期7卷 27-42页

作者： Mikhail A.Masharin Daria Khmelevskaia Valeriy I.Kondratiev Daria I.Markina Anton D.Utyushev Dmitriy M.Dolgintsev Alexey D.Dmitriev Vanik A.Shahnazaryan Anatoly P.Pushkarev Furkan Isik Ivan V.Iorsh Ivan A.Shelykh Hilmi V.Demir Anton K.Samusev Sergey V.Makarov UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology National Nanotechnology Research CenterDepartment of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringDepartment of PhysicsBilkent UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey ITMO University School of Physics and EngineeringSt.Petersburg 197101Russia Abrikosov center for theoretical physics MIPTDolgoprudnyiMoscow Region 141701Russia LUMINOUS!center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Science Institute University of IcelandDunhagi 3IS-107ReykjavikIceland Experimentelle Physik 2 Technische Universität DortmundDortmund 44227Germany Qingdao Innovation and Development center Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao 266000China

Deeply subwavelength lasers(or nanolasers)are highly demanded for compact on-chip bioimaging and sensing at the nanoscale.One of the main obstacles for the development of single-particle nanolasers with all three dimensions shorter than the emitting wavelength in the visible range is the high lasing thresholds and the resulting overheating.Here we ex-ploit exciton-polariton condensation and mirror-image Mie modes in a cuboid CsPbBr3 nanoparticle to achieve coherent emission at the visible wavelength of around 0.53μm from its ultra-small(≈0.007μm3 or≈λ3/20)semiconductor nanocav-ity.The polaritonic nature of the emission from the nanocavity localized in all three dimensions is proven by direct com-parison with corresponding one-dimensional and two-dimensional waveguiding systems with similar material parameters.Such a deeply subwavelength nanolaser is enabled not only by the high values for exciton binding energy(≈35 meV),re-fractive index(>2.5 at low temperature),and luminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3,but also by the optimization of po-laritons condensation on the Mie resonances with quality factors improved by the metallic substrate.Moreover,the key parameters for optimal lasing conditions are intermode free spectral range and phonons spectrum in CsPbBr3,which govern polaritons condensation path.Such chemically synthesized colloidal CsPbBr3 nanolasers can be potentially de-posited on arbitrary surfaces,which makes them a versatile tool for integration with various on-chip systems.

关键词： nanolaser perovskite polariton Mie resonance exciton-polariton

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Planar matrices and arrays of Feynman diagrams

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Communications in theoretical physics 2024年第3期76卷 15-32页

作者： Freddy Cachazo Alfredo Guevara Bruno Umbert Yong Zhang Perimeter Institute for theoretical physics WaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Department of physics and Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada CECs Valdivia y Departamento de Física Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature Society of Fellows and Black Hole InitiativeHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States of America Department of Applied Mathematics Western UniversityLondonON N6A 5B7Canada CAS Key Laboratory of theoretical physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China

Recently,planar collections of Feynman diagrams were proposed by Borges and one of the authors as the natural generalization of Feynman diagrams for the computation of k=3 biadjoint amplitudes.Planar collections are one-dimensional arrays of metric trees satisfying an induced planarity and compatibility condition.In this work,we introduce planar matrices of Feynman diagrams as the objects that compute k=4 biadjoint amplitudes.These are symmetric matrices of metric trees satisfying compatibility conditions.We introduce two notions of combinatorial bootstrap techniques for finding collections from Feynman diagrams and matrices from collections.As applications of the first,we find all 693,13612 and 346710 collections for(k,n)=(3,7),(3,8)and(3,9),respectively.As applications of the second kind,we find all90608 and 30659424 planar matrices that compute(k,n)=(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint amplitudes,respectively.As an example of the evaluation of matrices of Feynman diagrams,we present the complete form of the(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint amplitudes.We also start a study of higher-dimensional arrays of Feynman diagrams,including the combinatorial version of the duality between(k,n)and(n-k,n)objects.

关键词： Feynman diagrams biadjoint amplitudes tropical Grassmannian

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On-chip ultrafast stackable dielectric laser positron accelerator

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Chinese physics B 2024年第3期33卷 350-354页

作者：孙斌何阳帆潘晨浩樊思劼王度王少义赵宗清 Department of Plasma physics and Fusion Engineering School of Nuclear Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Key Laboratory of Plasma physics Research Center of Laser FusionChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser physics and Chinese Academy of Sciences center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Engineering physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

We present a first on-chip positron accelerator based on dielectric laser acceleration.This innovative approach significantly reduces the physical dimensions of the positron acceleration apparatus,enhancing its feasibility for diverse applications.By utilizing a stacked acceleration structure and far-infrared laser technology,we are able to achieve a seven-stage acceleration structure that surpasses the distance and energy gain of using the previous dielectric laser acceleration methods.Additionally,we are able to compress the positron beam to an ultrafast sub-femtosecond scale during the acceleration process,compared with the traditional methods,the positron beam is compressed to a greater extent.We also demonstrate the robustness of the stacked acceleration structure through the successful acceleration of the positron beam.

关键词： dielectric laser accelerator positron accelerator high gradient accelerator inverse Cherenkov effect

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