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Tectonic modes of mantle convection and their implications for Earth's tectonic evolution based on three-dimensional numerical simulations

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 270-296页

作者： Song XIANG Jinshui HUANG Bingcheng WU School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China CAS center of excellence in Comparative Planetary Studies Hefei230026China

Five tectonic modes of mantle convection are obtained and analyzed with three-dimensional numerical models in a spherical shell *** five tectonic convective modes are non-plate mobile-lid,plate-like mobile-lid,episodic plate-like mobile-lid,episodic stagnant-lid,and stagnant-lid convective modes,*** typical characteristics of these five tectonic modes and their numerical classification criteria based on plateness,mobility,and their standard deviations are presented and *** results show that the yield stress of the lithosphere has profound effects on the tectonic convective *** the gradual increase of yield stress,the tectonic mode of mantle convection changes from one to another sequentially through the aforementioned five ***,as the Rayleigh number increases,the range of yield stress for the platelike mobile-lid convective mode decreases,and the dimensionless transition stress between different tectonic modes ***,the dimensional transition stress between the non-plate mobile-lid convective mode and plate-like mobile-lid convective mode increases with the increase of Rayleigh number,but decreases between other tectonic ***,we find that the transition stress between different tectonic modes is inversely proportional to the internal heating rate,with the transition stress decreasing as the internal heating rate *** fitting analysis of the transition stress between tectonic modes shows that Earth's current plate tectonics correspond to a lithospheric yield stress of 150–250 MPa,which aligns with the strength of serpentinized mantle rock determined by experimental *** the Archean mantle was 300℃warmer than it is today,then the Earth was in an episodic stagnant-lid convective *** tectonic evolution of the Earth's surface is closely related to the lithospheric strength and the process of thermal *** the lithospheric strength was only 150 MPa,plate tecton

关键词： Tectonic mode of mantle convection Plate-like mobile-lid convection Episodic plate-like mobile-lid convection Episodic stagnant-lid convection Plate tectonics and tectonic evolution of the Earth

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Energy Meteorology for the Evaluation of Solar Farm Thermal Impacts on Desert Habitats

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 313-326页

作者： Carlos F.M.COIMBRA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jacobs School of EngineeringCenter of Excellence in Renewable Resource Integration and Center for Energy ResearchUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

This work addresses challenges and opportunities in the evaluation of solar power plant impacts,with a particular focus on thermal effects of solar plants on the environment and ***-scale solar power plants are often sited in arid or desert habitats,which tend to include fauna and flora that are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and *** understanding of both shortwave(solar)and longwave(terrestrial)radiation processes in solar power plants is complete enough to render the modeling of radiation fluxes with high confidence for most *** contrast to radiation,the convective environment in large-scale solar power plants is much more difficult to *** direction,wind speed,turbulence intensity,dust concentration,ground condition,panel configuration density,orientation and distribution throughout the solar field,all affect the local environment,the balance between radiation and convection,and in turn,the performance and thermal impact of solar power *** the temperatures of the two sides of photovoltaic(PV)panels depend on detailed convection-radiation balances,the uncertainty associated with convection affects the heat and mass transfer balances as *** balances are critically important in estimating the thermal impact of large-scale solar farms on local *** we discuss outstanding issues related with these transfer processes for utility-scale solar generation and highlight potential pathways to gain useful knowledge about the convective environment directly from solar farms under operating conditions.

关键词： environmental impact solar farms thermal balances shortwave and longwave radiation convection

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Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 873-886页

作者： Ying Wang Xiang Zhang Henrik Biverstål Nicolas GBazan Shuai Tan Nailin Li Makiko Ohshima Marianne Schultzberg Xiaofei Li Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences&SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden Neuroscience center of excellence Louisiana State UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Medicine SolnaClinical Pharmacology GroupKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β maresin microglia monocyte neuroinflammation resolution RNA-sequencing specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator

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Host cytoskeleton and membrane network remodeling in the regulation of viral replication

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Biophysics Reports 2025年第01期11卷 34-45页

作者： Xuedi Gao Xinming Chen Letian Yu Shuangshuang Zhao Yaming Jiu Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction The Center for Microbes Development and Health Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology Shanghai Institute of Immunity and InfectionChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of virology and Biosafety Chinese Academy of Sciences

Viral epidemics pose major threats to global health and economies. A hallmark of viral infection is the reshaping of host cell membranes and cytoskeletons to form organelle-like structures, known as viral factories, which support viral genome replication. Viral infection in many cases induces the cytoskeletal network to form cage-like structures around viral factories, including actin rings, microtubule cages,and intermediate filament cages. Viruses hijack various organelles to create these replication factories,such as viroplasms, spherules, double-membrane vesicles, tubes, and nuclear viral factories. This review specifically examines the roles of cytoskeletal elements and the endomembrane system in material transport, structural support, and biochemical regulation during viral factory formation. Furthermore, we discuss the broader implications of these interactions for viral replication and highlight potential future research directions.

关键词： Viral replication factory Cytoskeleton Actin filaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments Rearrangement of cellular membranes

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A Fully‑Printed Wearable Bandage‑Based Electrochemical Sensor with pH Correction for Wound Infection Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 355-375页

作者： Kanyawee Kaewpradub Kornautchaya Veenuttranon Husanai Jantapaso Pimonsri Mittraparp‑arthorn Itthipon Jeerapan center of excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor Prince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand Division of Physical Science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand center of excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand The ijE Electrochemistry for All Laboratory Prince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand Division of Biological Science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat Yai 90110SongkhlaThailand

Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human *** diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt *** devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing ***,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is *** article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH *** demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor *** screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical *** analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are *** least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex *** sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.

关键词： Pyocyanin Bandages Wound monitoring Biosensor Wearable device

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Spectroscopic Features of Quantum Many-Body Scar States

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Chinese Physics Letters 2025年第2期42卷 26-30页

作者： Wenjie Wei Long Zhang Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS center for excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

We studied the dynamic correlations of non-integrable systems with quantum many-body scar(QMBS)states generated by a ladder *** ladder operator's spectral function has an exact δ-function peak induced by the QMBS *** a concrete example,we show that in the one-dimensional(1D)spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model,the spectral function of two-magnon excitations exhibits a characteristic bowtie shape composed of aδ-function resonance peak at momentum k=π and a continuum spectrum *** two-magnon excitations can be observed via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy on quasi-1D nickelates and other spin-1 antiferromagnetic ***,the findings of this study pave the way for detecting(approximate)QMBS states in realistic materials.

关键词： materials. excitation ladder

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Lens coloboma with bilateral ectopia lentis in Marfan syndrome:a case report

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第2期18卷 358-361页

作者： Zhen-Bo Zhao Kai-Li Tang Yu-Xi Ding Ji-Kun Yang Huan-Ping Wang Li-Wei Ma Aier Eye Medical center of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230031Anhui ProvinceChina Aier excellence Eye Hospital Shenyang 110000Liaoning ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,We report a rare case of lens coloboma and several notches with bilateral ectopia lentis in Marfan *** case was approved by the Ethics Committee of Aier excellence Eye Hospital(2023KJB0004).Written informed consent was obtained from the *** coloboma and Marfan syndrome are of low incidence and seldom observed in the clinic.

关键词： Marfan bilateral rare

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Research landmarks on the 60th anniversary of Epstein-Barr virus

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 354-380页

作者： Lan-Yi Zhong Chu Xie Le-Le Zhang Yan-Lin Yang Yuan-Tao Liu Ge-Xin Zhao Guo-Long Bu Xian-Shu Tian Zi-Ying Jiang Bo-Yu Yuan Peng-Lin Li Pei-Huang Wu Wei-Hua Jia Christian Münz Benjamin E.Gewurz Qian Zhong Cong Sun Mu-Sheng Zeng State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapyGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China Viral Immunobiology Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston MA 02115USA Department of Microbiology Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02115USA Harvard Program in virology Boston MA 02115USA Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA 02142USA

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),the first human oncovirus discovered in 1964,has become a focal point in virology,immunology,and oncology because of its unique biological characteristics and significant role in human *** we commemorate the 60th anniversary of EBV's discovery,it is an opportune moment to reflect on the major advancements in our understanding of this complex *** this review,we highlight key milestones in EBV research,including its virion structure and life cycle,interactions with the host immune system,association with EBV-associated diseases,and targeted intervention strategies.

关键词： Epstein-Barr virus oncovirus immune response epidemiology vaccines antibodies

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N^(6)-methyladenosine on the natural antisense transcript of NIA1 stabilizes its mRNA to boost NO biosynthesis and modulate stomatal movement

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 151-165页

作者： Jie Li Wen Tian Ting Chen Qing-Yan Liu Hua-Wei Wu Chuan-Hui Liu Yuan-Yuan Fang Hui-Shan Guo Jian-Hua Zhao State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS center for excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Nitric oxide(NO)is a crucial signaling molecule that regulates a wide range of metabolic pathways in different strata of *** plants,nitrate reductase(NR)is a key enzyme for NO *** are two NR-encoding genes in Arabidopsis genome,NIA1 and NIA2,which are precisely regulated and expressed in a tissue-specific *** this study,we found that the natural antisense transcript as-NIA1,transcribed from the 30 UTR of NIA1,stabilizes NIA1 mRNA to maintain its circadian oscillation in plants grown under the light/dark ***,as-NIA1-dependent NIA1 mRNA stability is indispensable for NIA1-mediated NO biosynthesis in guard cells and natural stomatal ***,we revealed that polypyrimidine tract-binding 3(PTB3)regulates the stabilization of NIA1 mRNA by directly binding to UC-rich elements of *** further found that MTA deposits N^(6)-methyladenosine(m6 A)on as-NIA1,facilitating the as-NIA1-PTB3 interaction in vivo,in agreement with RNA structure prediction in that m6 Amediated structural alterations expose the UC-rich elements to enhance the accessibility of *** together,these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which plants precisely manipulate NO biosynthesis to modulate light/dark-regulated stomatal movement,highlighting the coupling of RNA epigenetic modifications and structures shaping RNA-protein interactions in the regulation of hormone biosynthesis.

关键词： natural antisense transcript,NO biosynthesis,N^(6)-methyladenosine,NIA1,stomatal movement

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1.56 kV/30 A vertical β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes with composite edge terminations

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 389-390页

作者： Yitao FENG Hong ZHOU Sami ALGHAMDI Hao FANG Xiaorong ZHANG Yanbo CHEN Guotao TIAN Saud WASLY Yue HAO Jincheng ZHANG Key Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices School of MicroelectronicsXidian University center of excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES) King Abdulaziz University China Resources Microelectronics Limited

In recent years, large-area wide-bandgap（WBG） semiconductor materials have achieved numerous notable breakthroughs [1,2]. The ultra-WBG semiconductor β-Ga2O3,with its excellent material properties, is ideally suited for the fabrication of power devices. Moreover, it offers easily obtainable large-area substrates, with reported sizes up to 6 inches, produced through melt-grown crystal growth methods. These characteristics make β-Ga2O3highly attractive for future low-cost commercialization. Despite these advances, most research has focused on low-current and small-size diodes, with few studies addressing high-current and large-size diodes.

关键词： Schottky barrier diodes

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