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Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization

Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第5期7卷 38-48页

作者： Siran Chen Yingli Ha Fei Zhang Mingbo Pu Hanlin Bao Mingfeng Xu Yinghui Guo Yue Shen Xiaoliang Ma Xiong Li Xiangang Luo National Key Laboratory of optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research center on Vector optical Fields Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)

Catenary optics enables metasurfaces with higher efficiency and wider bandwidth,and is highly anticipated in the imaging system,super-resolution lithography,and broadband absorbers.However,the periodic boundary approximation without considering aperiodic electromagnetic crosstalk poses challenges for catenary optical devices to reach their performance limits.Here,perfect control of both local geometric and propagation phases is realized through field-driven optimization,in which the field distribution is calculated under real boundary conditions.Different from other optimization methods requiring a mass of iterations,the proposed design method requires less than ten iterations to get the efficiency close to the optimal value.Based on the library of shape-optimized catenary structures,centimeter-scale devices can be designed in ten seconds,with the performance improved by ～15%.Furthermore,this method has the ability to extend catenary-like continuous structures to arbitrary polarization,including both linear and elliptical polarizations,which is difficult to achieve with traditional design methods.It provides a way for the development of catenary optics and serves as a potent tool for constructing high-performance optical devices.

关键词： catenary optics catenary structures field-driven optimization

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3D nano-printed geometric phase metasurfaces for generating accelerating beams with complex amplitude manipulation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 86-95页

作者： Tianchen Tang Saima Kanwal Yongzheng Lu Yuelong Li Shuangbao Wu Lei Chen Ziheng Qian Zhouyu Xie Jing Wen Dawei Zhang Research center of optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical SystemUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Metasurface,a forefront in emerging optical devices,has demonstrated remarkable potential for complex amplitude manipulation of light beams.However,prevailing approaches face challenges in spatial resolution and complexities associated with integrating dynamic phases,impeding the simplified design and reproducible fabrication of metasurfaces.Here,we introduce an innovative approach for complex amplitude modulation within 3D nano-printed geometric phase metasurfaces.Our approach enables the generation of self-accelerating beams by encoding amplitude through phase-only manipulation,achieving high spatial resolution.Notably,this method circumvents the conventional need to adjust the geometric parameters of metasurface unit structures for amplitude manipulation,offering a streamlined and efficient route for design and fabrication complexity.This novel methodology holds promise for expedited and low-cost manufacturing of complex amplitude manipulation metasurfaces.

关键词： metasurface complex amplitude manipulation geometric phase 3D nano-printing Airy beam accelerating parabolic beam

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Inversely engineered metasurfaces for independent manipulation of transmitted and reflected light fields

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 97-106页

作者： Yongjian Liu Yu Luo Fei Zhang Mingbo Pu Hanlin Bao Mingfeng Xu Yinghui Guo Lanting Li Xiong Li Xiaoliang Ma Xiangang Luo National Key Laboratory of optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China State Key Laboratory of optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research center on Vector optical Fields Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory Chengdu 610299China

Independent manipulation of transmitted and reflected light fields is a key technology for the realization of multifunctional optical applications,which can be implemented based on multilayered plasmonic or supercell subwavelength structures.However,the former is not suitable for the optical bands,while the latter is insufficient in generating large phase gradients.Here,an adjoint-optimization-based inverse design methodology is proposed,which utilizes the polarization-selective local interference between individual meta-atoms and enables monolayer dielectric metasurfaces to decouple the wavefront of transmitted and reflected optical fields.Moreover,this methodology serves to mitigate the aperiodic electromagnetic crosstalk inherent between adjacent meta-atoms,consequently leading to a significant enhancement in the performance of meta-devices.We analyzed the physical mechanism of adjoint optimization and proposed the concept of phase factors,highlighting their importance in the rapid inverse design of meta-devices—an aspect often overlooked in previous research.To demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of our method,we optimize monolayer metasurfaces with different initial structures.These devices efficiently focus and deflect x-linearly and y-linearly polarized incident light in transmission and reflection spaces,respectively.Overall,this methodology holds immense potential for designing multifunctional,high-performing metasurfaces that meet multiple constraints,opening up broad prospects for applications.

关键词： full-space metasurfaces adjoint optimization inverse design

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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 682-695页

作者： Sartanee Suebka Euan McLeod Judith Su Wyant College of optical sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence,capable of detecting single molecules.The main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical fiber.This hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile,suffers from mechanical vibration,and requires precise positioning.Here,we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light.A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device(DMD)was used for light injection,scattered light collection,and imaging.We obtain Q-factors as high as 1:6´108 with this approach.Electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free space.This enables improved sensing sensitivity.The large effective coupling area(~10μm in diameter for numerical aperture=0.14)removes the need for precise positioning.Sensing performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator(FLOWER)approach to perform temperature sensing experiments.A thermal nonlinear optical effect was examined by tracking the resonance through FLOWER while adjusting the input power.We believe that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGM microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.

关键词： coupling scattered precise

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Ultra-high extinction ratio optical pulse generation with a thin film lithium niobate modulator for distributed acoustic sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 40-50页

作者： YUAN SHEN XIAOQIAN SHU LINGMEI MA SHAOLIANG YU GENGXIN CHEN LIU LIU RENYOU GE BIGENG CHEN YUNJIANG RAO Research center for optical Fiber Sensing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Research center for Intelligent Optoelectronic Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China International Research center for Advanced Photonics College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Fiber Optics Research center(FORC) Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

We experimentally demonstrate ultra-high extinction ratio(ER)optical pulse modulation with an electro-optical modulator(EOM)on thin film lithium niobate(TFLN)and its application for fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing(DAS).An interface carrier effect leading to a relaxation-tail response of TFLN EOM is discovered,which can be well addressed by a small compensation component following the main driving signal.An ultrahigh ER>50 dB is achieved by canceling out the tailed response during pulse modulation using the EOM based on a cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)structure.The modulated optical_(√)pulses are then utilized as a probe light for a DAS system,showing a sensitivity up to-62.9 dB·rad∕Hz~2(7 pε/Hz)for 2-km single-mode sensing fiber.Spatial crosstalk suppression of 24.9 dB along the fiber is also obtained when the ER is improved from 20 dB to 50 dB,clearly revealing its importance to the sensing performance.

关键词： modulator pulse interferometer

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Cavity optomechanics with directionally squeezed light

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 181-182页

作者： Pierre Meystre Department of Physics and College of optical sciences University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA

It is well understood that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle imposes a fundamental limit on the precision of quantum measurements.One way to get around this difficulty is to exploit quantum states that minimize the uncertainty on the observable of interest,increasing in the process the uncertainty on the conjugate observable.Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field.

关键词： field observable quantum

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Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang'E-7 mission

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 285-300页

作者： Chi Wang Yingzhuo Jia Changbin Xue Yangting Lin Jianzhong Liu Xiaohui Fu Lin Xu Yun Huang Yufen Zhao Yigang Xu Rui Gao Yong Wei Yuhua Tang Dengyun Yu Yongliao Zou China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science center Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Physics Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering center

As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'E-7(CE-7) was officially approved, and implementation started in 2022, including a main probe and a communication relay satellite. The main probe, consisting of an orbiter, a lander, a rover and a mini-flying probe, is scheduled to be launched in 2026. The lander will land on Shackleton crater's illuminated rim near the lunar south pole, along with the rover and mini-flying probe. The relay satellite(named Queqiao-2) will be launched in February 2024 as an independent mission to support relay communication during scientific exploration undertaken by Chang'E-4, the upcoming Chang'E-6 in 2024 and subsequent lunar missions.The CE-7 mission is mainly aimed at scientific and resource exploration of the lunar south pole. We present CE-7's scientific objectives, the scientific payloads configuration and the main functions for each scientific payload with its key technical specifications.

关键词： Chang’ E-7 scientific objectives scientific payloads

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On-Chip Sub-Picometer Continuous Wavelength Fiber-Bragg-Grating Interrogator

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 73-84页

作者： Yuan ZHUANG Jun ZOU Jiqiang ZHANG Lu ZHANG Jiahe ZHANG Leixin MENG Qing YANG Research center for Humanoid Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation center Hangzhou 310014China State Key Laboratory of Modern optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating(FBG)interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important,e.g.,airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring.An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)on a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1544 nm to 1568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm[the root-mean-square error(RMSE)is 0.73 pm]over the whole wavelength range.The chip loss is less than 5 dB.The 1×16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel,and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG.The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity(CoG)algorithm.The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

关键词： Fiber optic sensing on-chip interrogator arrayed waveguide grating center of gravity

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Silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength bands

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1016-1023页

作者： LONG ZHANG XIAOLIN YI DAJIAN LIU SHIHAN HONG DGAOPENG WANG HENGZHEN CAO YAOCHENG SHI DAOXIN DAI State Key Laboratory for Modern optical Instrumentation Center for Optical&Electromagnetic ResearchCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityZjingang CampusHangzhou 310058China Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research center Jiaxing Research InstituteZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314000China Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100China

A silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength bands is developed by introducing multiple channels of wideband optical filters based on multimode waveguide gratings(MWGs)for pre-filtering and the corresponding thermally tunable narrowband filter for high resolution.For these multiple customized wavelength bands,the central wavelengths,bandwidths,and resolutions are designed flexibly as desired,so that the system is simplified and the footprint is minimized for several practical applications(e.g.,gas sensing).A customized silicon photonic spectrometer is designed and demonstrated experimentally with four wavelength bands centered around1310 nm,1560 nm,1570 nm,and 1930 nm,which is,to the best of our knowledge,the first on-chip spectrometer available for sensing multiple gas components like HF,CO,H_(2)S,and CO_(2).The spectral resolutions of the four wavelength bands are 0.11 nm,0.08 nm,0.08 nm,and 0.37 nm,respectively.Such a customized silicon photonic spectrometer shows great potential for various applications,including gas monitors,wearable biosensors,and portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

关键词： waveguide bands multiple

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Leaching kinetics of fluorine during the aluminum removal from spent Li-ion battery cathode materials

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 312-325页

作者： Shengjie Li Jianxin Zhu Research center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent Li-ion battery cathode materials.In this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery process.The mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this study.The leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/mol.While,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of LiPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami model.The interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some degree.It is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent LIBs.

关键词： Al removal F leaching Cathode powder Heating alkali leaching Leaching kinetics

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