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Integrating climate, biodiversity, and sustainable land-use strategies:innovations from China

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National science Review 2021年第7期8卷 13-17页

作者： Guido Schmidt-Traub Harvey Locke Jixi Gao Zhiyun Ouyang Justin Adams Lin Li Enric Sala M.Rebecca Shaw Sebastian Troёng Jing Xu Chunquan Zhu Changxin Zou Tianxiao Ma Fuwen Wei Sustainable Development Solutions Network Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative center for Satellite Applications on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment Research center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences tropical forest Alliance World Economic Forum Worldwide Fund for Nature National geographic Society Conservation International Chinese Research Academy of Environmental sciences Nature Initiatives and tropical forest Alliance World Economic Forum Nanjing Institute of Environmental sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

To reverse the accelerating degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services(‘nature’) and climate [1,2], the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will hold major meetings in 2021. We argue that, as a critical priority, countries need to design and implement integrated national strategies to achieve the goals of the three Rio Conventions (including the UN Convention to Combat Desertification—UNCCD) using spatially explicit analyses and policies. This integration can maximize co-benefits and help manage trade-offs to meet the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Nature-based solutions (NBS)provide an important framework for such integration.

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Genetic diversity and background pollen contamination in Norway spruce and Scots pine seed orchard crops

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forestry Research 2022年第1期2卷 67-78页

作者： Alisa Heuchel David Hall Wei Zhao Jie Gao Ulfstand Wennström Xiao-Ru Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental science UmeåPlant Science CenterUmeåUniversityUmeåSE-90187Sweden CAS Key Laboratory of tropical forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun 666303YunnanChina The forestry Research Institute of Sweden(Skogforsk) Sävar SE-91821Sweden

Seed orchards are the key link between tree breeding and production forest for conifer *** Sweden,Scots pine and Norway spruce seed orchards currently supply ca.85%of seedlings used in annual *** functionality of these seed orchards is thus crucial for supporting long-term production gain and sustainable *** conducted a large-scale genetic investigation of pine and spruce orchards across Sweden using *** genotyped 3,300 seedlings/trees from six orchards and 10 natural stands to gain an overview of mating structure and genetic diversity in orchard *** found clear differences in observed heterozygosity(HO)and background pollen contamination(BPC)rates between species,with pine orchard crops showing higher HO and BPC than *** in pine crops varied from 87%at young orchard age to 12%at mature age,wherease this rate ranged between 27%−4%in spruce *** variance in parental contribution was observed in all orchards with 30%−50%parents contibuting to 80%of the *** was low(2%−6%)in all seed *** to natural stands,orchard crops had slightly lower HO but no strong signal of *** results provide valuable references for orchard management.

关键词： crops breeding Norway

Two new species of Polyalthiopsis(Annonaceae) based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence,with a supplementary description of *** from China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 185-198页

作者： Bin Yang Jin-Yue Li Rui-Jie Yang Hong-Bo Ding Min Deng Chun-Fen Xiao Yun-Juan Zuo Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences&Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303YunnanChina The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered forest Plants of National forestry and Grassland Administration&The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and forest Resources Development of Yunnan Province Yunnan Academy of Forestry and GrasslandKunming 650201YunnanChina College of Life science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 101408China School of Ecology and Environmental science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina center for Gardening and Horticulture Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303YunnanChina

Two new species of Polyalthiopsis(Annonaceae),*** *** & Bin Yang from Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces and *** *** & Bin Yang from Yunnan Province,are described and *** is morphologically similar to *** in having narrowly elliptic-oblong,lemon to yellowish green petals,but differs by having obovoid monocarps,a higher number of leaf secondary veins,leaf blades usually widest above the middle,and a lower ratio of leaf blade length to *** is morphologically similar to *** in having axillary inflorescences,1-3(-4) flowers,elliptic leaves,and ellipticovate petals,but differs in the numbers of carpels per flower and ovules per *** molecular phylogenetic analysis using five plastid markers confirm that the two new species belong to the genus Polyalthiopsis and show clear interspecific divergences between *** and *** and between them and other species in the *** descriptions,colored photographs,and habitat and distribution data for the two new species are *** addition,the fruit morphology of *** is described for the first time,based on living *** distributions and a diagnostic key for all Polyalthiopsis species are also presented.

关键词： Annonaceae Morphology Polyalthia Polyalthiopsis Southeast Yunnan

Simple Protocol for the Micropropagation of Teak(Tectona grandis Linn.)in Semi-Solid and Liquid Media in RITA^(█) Bioreactors and ex Vitro Rooting

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2019年第7期10卷 1121-1141页

作者： María Elena Aguilar Karla Garita Yong Wook Kim Ji-Ah Kim Heung Kyu Moon Biotechnology Laboratory Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center(CATIE)TurrialbaCosta Rica Division of forest Biotechnology National Institute of Forest Science(NIFoS)SuwonRepublic of Korea

In Latin America the forestry of exotic species such as teak has been increasing in recent decades, due to their advantages in wood quality, rapid growth;and the relative ease of producing clones and their multiplication with respect to native species. Therefore, there is great interest in developing larger-scale propagation strategies that reduce costs and intensive manual labor. Culture in liquid media with temporary immersion and the semi-automation of the system has raised expectations for large-scale micropropagation. We report a protocol for teak, which reuses the primary explants in several culture cycles in semi-solid medium to produce nodal explants for the multiplication phase in temporary immersion bioreactors (RITA®). The control of factors such as cytokinin concentration, explants density, immersion frequencies and culture duration was analyzed. The number of shoots increased with 0.5 mg·l-1 of BA (6-Benzyladenine), alone or in combination with 0.5 mg·l-1 of Kinetin, with 2 daily immersions of 1 minute each;however, these shoots showed a high degree of hyperhydricity. When 0.05 mg·l-1 of BA was used with 1 immersion of 1 minute every 2 days, the hyperhydricity decreased. Although the number of shoots was lower, they showed good length to be used during multiplication and rooting ex vitro. Our results suggest that teak micropropagation can be simplified in two phases in vitro, the establishment and multiplication;followed by rooting ex vitro and acclimatization. This would imply a reduction in production costs, since most of the multiplication would take place in RITA®containers.

关键词： Micropropagation Teak Tectona grandis RITA^(█) Bioreactors Temporary Immersion Ex Vitro Rooting

Validation and Application of Skeletochronology for Age Determination of the Ryukyu Ground Gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae(Squamata: Eublepharidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第4期4卷 233-241页

作者： Takaki KURITA Mamoru TODA Graduate School of Engineering and science University of the Ryukyus tropical Biosphere Research center University of the Ryukyus

Skeletochronology is a method commonly used for estimating the age of amphibians and reptiles in the wild. However, the number of lines of arrested growth （LAGs） does not necessarily reflect age in some species. We validated the applicability of this method to an endangered eublepharid gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae, then inferred its longevity and age structures in wild populations. We classified young geckos into three groups using previously published data for early growth： Group 1 contained hatchlings before the first winter, Group 2 contained hatchlings after the first win- ter, and Group 3 included yearlings after the second winter. LAG numbers in these groups were then compared. All individuals in Group 1 possessed a single LAG, which was considered as a hatching line. Most individuals in Groups 2 and 3 possessed one and two additional LAGs, respectively （LAG1 and LAG2）, corroborating the notion that LAGs are formed annually. A few geckos exhibited fewer LAGs than expected. Analysis of variations in LAG and marrow cavity diameter demonstrated that in animals with fewer LAGs, endosteal resorption or fusion of hatching line and LAG1 had occurred. LAG2 was never lost by endosteal resorption and was identifiable by its diameter. Thus, the age of adult geckos could be determined by counting LAGs outward from LAG2. Application of this method to wild populations re- vealed that the longevity of this species is not less than 83 months, but that almost all individuals in fragmented habitats die before 50 months, suggesting lower population sustainability in such habitats.

关键词： age structure endosteal resorption hatching line longevity rapprochement Ryukyu Archipelago

Contributions to the flora of Myanmar from 2000 to 2019

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 292-301页

作者： Bin Yang Min Deng Ming-Xia Zhang Aung Zaw Moe Hong-Bo Ding Mya Bhone Maw Pyae Pyae Win Richard TCorlett Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China School of Ecology and Environmental science Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan650091PR China forest Research Institute Forest DepartmentMinistry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Myanmar is botanically rich and floristically diverse:one of the world's biodiversity ***,Myanmar is still very unevenly explored,and until a plant checklist was published in 2003,relatively little work was done on its *** checklist included 11,800 species of spermatophytes in 273 *** this checklist was published,the botanical exploration of Myanmar has accelerated and there have been many additional *** therefore surveyed the literature of taxonomic contributions to Myanmar’s vascular flora over the last 20 years(2000e2019)and compiled a list of new and newly described *** list includes 13 genera,193 species,7 subspecies,19 varieties,and 2 forms new to science;and 3 families,34 genera,347 species,4 subspecies,7 varieties,and 1 form newly recorded in ***,they represent 91 families and 320 *** of the new discoveries belong to 15 families,with more than 25%(146 taxa)belonging to *** new discoveries are unevenly distributed in the country,with about 41%of the newly discovered species described from Kachin State in northeast *** reflects the incompleteness of our current knowledge of the flora of Myanmar and the urgent need for a greatly expanded *** completion of the flora of Myanmar requires more fieldwork from north to south,taxonomic studies on new and existing collections,and some mechanism that both coordinates the efforts of various international institutions and initiatives and encourages continued international *** addition,producing modern taxonomic treatments of the flora of Myanmar requires the participation of experts on all vascular plant families and *** is also an urgent need to attract young scientists to plant taxonomy,to work on inventories,identification,nomenclature,herbarium work,and comparative studies.

关键词： Flora New species Taxonomy Plant diversity Specimens

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-Ran Li Zheng-Wei Wang Richard T.Corlett Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants&center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laboratory of tropical forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene ***,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different *** synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing ***,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect *** provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population *** analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and *** inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee *** evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial *** finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome *** conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mitogenome structure Gene rearrangement Inverted repeats

Transformation of Coal Gangue to Sodalite and Faujasite Using Alkali-hydrothermal Method

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2023年第6期38卷 1391-1396页

作者： WANG Cheng FENG Kai WANG Lipeng YU Qianru DU Fuling LI Yan YU Kaining Hebei center for Ecological and Environmental geology Research Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China School of Material science and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China School of Gemmology and Materials science Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang050031China

The coal gangue as the only source of silicon and aluminum was employed to synthesize sodalite and faujasite using hydrothermal method,which directly treated the mixture of pre-treated coal gangue and NaOH solution under hydrothermal environment.X-ray powder diffraction analysis(XRD),thermogravimetry analysis(TG)and differential thermogravimetry analysis(DTG),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),N_(2)adsorption-desorption technique,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),*** used to characterize the ***^(2+) ion was used to evaluate the heavy metal ions removal performance of the *** experimental results show that the coal gangue,which consists of quartz,calcium feldspar,potassium feldspar and kaolinite,can transform to sodalite and faujasite under alkali-hydrothermal condition at 150 and 180℃,*** as-prepared sodalite and faujasite can effectively remove the simulated Cd2+ion wastewater and actual industrial wastewater containing As^(3+),Cd^(2+),and Cr^(3+)ions,and the good heavy metal ion removal performance of the zeolites is mainly attributed to their low Si/Al ratio and high Na+*** alkali-hydrothermal method appears to be a simple and efficient method for transformation of coal gangue to high purity zeolites.

关键词： coal gangue alkali-hydrothermal method sodalite faujasite

High resolution aerosol optical thickness retrieval over the Pearl River Delta region with improved aerosol modelling

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science China Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1641-1649页

作者： WONG ManSing NICHOL Janet LEE Kwon Ho Department of Land Surveying and geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Earth System science Interdisciplinary center University of Maryland (UMD)

Aerosol retrieval algorithms for the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been developed to estimate aerosol and microphysical properties of the atmosphere, which help to address aerosol climatic issues at global scale. However, higher spatial resolution aerosol products for urban areas have not been well researched mainly due to the difficulty of differentiating aerosols from bright surfaces in urban areas. Here, a new aerosol retrieval algorithm using the MODIS 500 m resolution images is described, to retrieve aerosol properties over Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. The rationale of our technique is to first estimate the aerosol reflectance by decomposing the top-of-atmosphere reflectance from surface reflectance and Rayleigh path reflectance. For the determination of surface reflectance, a modified Minimum Reflectance Technique (MRT) is used, and MRT images are computed for different seasons. A strong correlation is shown between the surface reflectance of MRT images and MODIS land surface reflectance products (MOD09), with a value of 0.9. For conversion of aerosol reflectance to Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), comprehensive Look Up Tables (LUT) are constructed, in which aerosol properties and sun-viewing geometry in the radiative transfer calculations are taken into account. Four aerosol types, namely mixed urban, polluted urban, dust, and heavy pollution, were derived using cluster analysis on three years of AERONET measurements in Hong Kong. Their aerosol properties were input for LUT calculation. The resulting 500 m AOT images are highly correlated (r = 0.89) with AERONET sunphotometer observations in Hong Kong. This study demonstrates the applicability of aerosol retrieval at fine resolution scale in urban areas, which can assist the study of aerosol loading distribution and the impact of localized and transient pollution on urban air quality. In addition, the MODIS 500 m AOT images can be used to study cross-boundary aeroso

关键词： aerosol retrieval aerosol optical thickness AERONET MODIS satellite image