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Anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: what did clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： Danko Jeremic Lydia Jiménez-Díaz Juan D.Navarro-López NeuroPhysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)may exist,both the original amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could be only partly true,and there is conflicting evidence about the role of both proteins in AD,being able to precede and influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand tau proteins may be independently involved in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evidence suggests that Aβand tau act synergistically,rather than additively in disease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer additive

Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng Rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Proteostasis failure:at the intersection between aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3221-3222页

作者： Natalia Poblete Claudio Hetz center for Geroscience Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile biomedical Neuroscience Institute Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCAUSA

Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of *** we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to *** is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloid β and hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.

关键词： Alzheimer amyloid stasis

Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface for terahertz wave radar cross section reduction

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第9期28卷 220-226页

作者： Shao-He Li Jiu-Sheng Li center for thz Research China Jiliang University

The digital coding metasurfaces need several kinds of meta-particle structures to obtain corresponding electromagnetic wave responses and require time-consuming *** this paper, we present train-symbol-shaped meta-particles with various orientations utilizing Pancharatnam-Berry(PB) phase to achieve 1-, 2-, and 3-bit digital coding *** wave scattering patterns of the coding metasurfaces with regular and random sequences are given and *** have strongly suppressed backward scattering with approximately-13.5 dB radar cross section(RCS) reduction in a wide band range from 0.85 thz to 1.6 *** proposed digital coding metasurfaces provide a simple way and new opportunities for manipulating terahertz wave scattering with polarization independence.

关键词： terahertz metasurface terahertz optics terahertz polarization

Switchable vortex beam polarization state terahertz multi-layer metasurface

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第11期31卷 309-315页

作者： Min Zhong Jiu-Sheng Li center for thz Research China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

We propose a switchable vortex beam polarization state terahertz multi-layer metasurface,which consists of threelayer elliptical metal crosses,four-layer dielectrics,and two-layer hollow metal circles,which are alternately *** the normal incidence of left-handed circularly polarized(LCP)wave and the right-handed circularly polarized(RCP)waves,the proposed structure realizes three independent control functions,i.e.,focused and vortex beam,vortex beam with different topological charges,and polarization states switching,and azimuth switching of two vortex beams with different polarization *** results show that the proposed metasurface provides a new idea for investigating the multifunctional terahertz wave modulation devices.

关键词： terahertz wave switchable vortex beam polarization states flexible manipulation

A novel multi-pin rectangular waveguide slow-wave structure based backward wave amplifier at 340 GHz

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第7期24卷 617-621页

作者：张开春漆中阔杨召龙 thz center School of Physical ElectronicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Cooperative Innovation center of thz Science University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

A backward wave amplifier（BWA） in a terahertz regime with a novel slow-wave structure（SWS） composed of multi parallel grating pins inside a rectangular waveguide is analyzed. The multi-pin rectangular waveguide SWS possesses good performance and is compatible with micro-fabrication technologies. The dispersion and interaction impedance of the multipin SWS are presented. The stopbands of the modes cling together in a Brillouim zone. The SWS has a high interaction impedance that is suitable for the interaction of multi cylindrical beams. The design, which is based on three parallel pins supporting the wave–beam interaction with four cylindrical beams, is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A BWA with the central frequency at 340 GHz is demonstrated, and the output power is more than 100 mW.A tuning frequency range of 15 GHz（333–348 GHz） is obtained with a gain of more than 20 dB.

关键词： backward wave amplifier(BWA) multi-pin structure slow-wave structure(SWS) terahertz

Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2373-2381页

作者： Lifang Zhao Mingkai Zhang Qimeng Li Xuemin Wang Jie Lu Ying Han Yanning Cai Department of Clinical Biobank Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Geriatric Medical Research center BeijingChina Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative diseases Ministry of EducationBeijingChina School of biomedical Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikouHainan ProvinceChina center of Alzheimer’s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina National Clinical Research center for Geriatric Diseases BeijingChina Institute of biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryGaoke Innovation CenterShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Several promising plasma biomarker proteins,such as amyloid-β(Aβ),tau,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein,are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative ***,little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at-80°*** aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large *** samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals,encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline,as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment,comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia,were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline *** samples were stored at-80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this *** results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42,Aβ40,neurofilament light chain,and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage ***,the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage ***,in individuals without cognitive impairment,plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181(p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage *** was not observed in individuals with cognitive ***,we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage ***,caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's ***,in cohort studies,it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β diagnostic ability glial fibrillary acidic protein neurodegeneration neurofilament light chain plasma biomarkers single molecule array storage time tau

Nanoparticles for the treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1665-1680页

作者： Qiwei Yang Di Lu Jiuping Wu Fuming Liang Huayi Wang Junjie Yang Ganggang Zhang Chen Wang Yanlian Yang Ling Zhu Xinzhi Sun Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.

关键词： antioxidants axon regeneration biocompatible materials drug carriers nanoparticles nerve regeneration neuroinflammatory diseases neuroprotection spinal cord injury stem cells

Realization of absolute negative refraction index by a photonic crystal using anisotropic dielectric material

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第1期6卷 57-60页

作者：方云团欧阳征标 Department of Physics Zhenjiang Watercraft College thz-Technology Research center of Shenzhen University

A method to realize absolute negative refraction index -1 with a two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal is presented by introducing dielectric anisotropy in the photonic crystal material. The band structures of E-polarization mode and H-polarization mode can be adjusted by changing the parameters of materials. Thus the two modes with different polarizations have the same negative refraction index -1 for the same frequency. The results are demonstrated by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method.

关键词： Realization of absolute negative refraction index by a photonic crystal using anisotropic dielectric material mode EFS