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Artemisia argyi extract subfraction exerts an antifungal effect against dermatophytes by disrupting mitochondrial morphology and function

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第1期22卷 47-61页

作者： CHEN Le ZHU Yunyun GUO Chaowei GUO Yujie ZHAO Lu MIAO Yuhuan DU Hongzhi LIU Dahui College of Pharmacy Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China National Resource center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

Artemisia argyi(***),a plant with a longstanding history as a raw material for traditional medicine and functional diets in Asia,has been used traditionally to bathe and soak feet for its disinfectant and itch-relieving *** its widespread use,scientific evidence validating the antifungal efficacy of *** water extract(AAWE)against dermatophytes,particularly Trichophyton rubrum,Trichophyton mentagrophytes,and Microsporum gypseum,remains *** study aimed to substantiate the scientific basis of the folkloric use of *** by evaluating the antifungal effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of its active subfraction against *** results indicated that AAWE exhibited excellent antifungal effects against the three aforementioned dermatophyte *** subfraction AAWE6,isolated using D101 macroporous resin,emerged as the most potent *** minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of AAWE6 against ***,***,and *** were 312.5,312.5,and 625μg·mL−1,*** electron microscopy(TEM)results and assays of enzymes linked to cell wall integrity and cell membrane function indicated that AAWE6 could penetrate the external protective barrier of ***,creating breaches(“small holes”),and disrupt the internal mitochondrial structure(“granary”).Furthermore,transcriptome data,quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),and biochemical assays corroborated the severe disruption of mitochondrial function,evidenced by inhibited tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and energy ***,chemical characterization and molecular docking analyses identified flavonoids,primarily eupatilin(131.16±4.52 mg·g^(−1))and jaceosidin(4.17±0.18 mg·g^(−1)),as the active components of *** conclusion,the subfraction AAWE6 from *** exerts antifungal effects against dermatophytes by disrupting mitochondrial morphology and *** research validates the traditional use of *** and provides scient

关键词： Artemisia argyi Dermatophyte Antifungal activity Mitochondrial structure Mitochondrial function Transcriptome analysis

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The Power of Inbreeding： NGS-Based GWAS of Rice Reveals Convergent Evolution during Rice Domestication

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Molecular plant 2016年第7期9卷 975-985页

作者： Hongru Wang Xun Xu Filipe Garrett Vieira Yunhua Xiao Zhikang Li Jun Wang Rasmus Nielsen Chengcai Chu State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics and National center for plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100101 China Cotlege of life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen 518083 China Centre for GeoGenetics University of Copenhagen 1350 Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facilities for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 12 SouthZhong-Guan-Cun Street Beijing 100081 China Department of Integrative biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA These authors contributed equally to this article.

Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing is an effective strategy for genome-wide association studies in hu- mans, due to the availability of large reference panels for genotype imputation. However, it is unclear whether this strategy can be utilized in other species without reference panels. Using simulations, we show that this approach is even more relevant in inbred species such as rice （Oryza sativa L.）, which are effectively haploid, allowing easy haplotype construction and imputation-based genotype calling, even without the availability of large reference panels. We sequenced 203 rice varieties with well-characterized phenotypes from the United States Department of Agriculture Rice Mini-Core Collection at an average depth of 1.5~ and used the data for mapping three traits. For the first two traits, amylose content and seed length, our approach leads to direct identification of the previously identified causal SN Ps in the major-effect loci. For the third trait, pericarp color, an important trait underwent selection during domestication, we identified a new major-effect locus. Although known loci can explain color variation in the varieties of two main subspecies of Asian domesticated rice,japonica and indica, the new locus identified is unique to another domesticated rice subgroup, aus, and together with existing loci, can fully explain the major variation in pericarp color in aus. Our discovery of a unique genetic basis of white pericarp in aus provides an example of convergent evolution during rice domestication and suggests that aus may have a domestication history independent of japonica and indica.

关键词： inbreeding GWAS rice pericarp color

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Holistic Approach to Functional Constipation: Perspective of Traditional Persian Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第11期25卷 867-872页

作者： Majid Nimrouzi Mohammad M. Zarshenas Esse nee of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute Traditional Medici ne and Medicinal Plant IncubatorShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Research center for Traditional Medicine and history of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Department of Traditional Pharmacy School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran

Traditional Persian medicine(TPM) proposes a different viewpoint to the chronic diseases. Diagnosis and implemented treatment are based on individual differences among patients. Constipation or Ea’teghal-e-batn is a condition in which the patient develops difficult or painful defecation. Based on TPM concepts, the first digestion step starts from halq(oral cavity), and ends via defecation from the maq’ad(anus). Avicenna believed that four faculties, ha’zemeh(digestive), ja’zebeh(absorptive), ma’sekeh(retentive) and da’fe’eh(propulsive), are involved in the process of digestion and absorption of the ingested food and expelling the waste materials. The bowel movement and appearance of the stool is a measure for evaluating the gastrointestinal healthy function. Defecation should be with no pain and fecal material should have no burning and acuity. Low food intake or foods with dry temperament, dryness of gastrointestinal tract, diaphoresis and heavy exercise as well as intestine sensory loss were discussed as main causes of constipation. Management of constipation in TPM includes dietary schemes, oil massages and subsequently simple herbal medicines. According to TPM theories, the first step in treating a disease is the elimination of disease causes(asbabe-maraz) and also providing the causes of health(asbab-e-sehhat). Health care providers should know the proper condition which the herbal medicines should be administered in and be able to guide the patients about the benefits and hazards of herbal remedies, commonly used in their living origin.

关键词： constipation Ea'teghal-e-batn herbal medicine traditional Persian medicine

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Seasonal fires shape the germinable soil seed bank community in eastern Mediterranean woodlands

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Journal of plant Ecology 2022年第1期15卷 13-25页

作者： Neta Manela Hagai Shemesh Yagil Osem Yohay Carmel Chanoch Soref Anat Tsafrir Ofer Ovadia Department of life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael The National Herbarium National Natural History CollectionsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai CollegeQiryat ShemonaIsrael Department of Natural Resources Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterRishon LeTsiyonIsrael Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael Judean Mountains Forest Region KKL Givat YeshiayahIsrael

We explored if and how seasonal fires interact with microhabitat type(*** Pistacia shrub,under Cistus shrub or a canopy gap)to influence the composition of the germinable soil seed bank(GSSB)community in a typical eastern Mediterranean *** conducted a field experiment,involving prescribed spring and autumn burns,and thereafter quantified the seed germination patterns using soil samples collected from both burned and adjacent unburned control *** temperature was significantly higher during autumn burns,while being more variable during spring *** caused overall reductions in GSSB density,richness and *** reductions in GSSB richness and diversity were significantly stronger under Pistacia and Cistus shrubs located within plots subjected to autumn burns,and these patterns were mainly evident among *** density of dwarf shrubs was higher in samples collected from burned plots,and this pattern was more pronounced in samples collected under Pistacia and Cistus *** with the appearance of unique species,seasonal fires led to significant changes in the composition of the GSSB *** results illustrate that seasonal fires interact with spatial heterogeneity to influence the composition of the GSSB community mostly via differential effects on the germination densities of annuals and dwarf *** findings imply that the increase in the frequency of seasonal fires,which has occurred in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last few decades,may translate into a shift in eco-evolutionary selection pressures,operating on plants inhabiting this unique ecosystem.

关键词： fire season germination Mediterranean woodlands microhabitat soil seed bank

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Departure from naturalized to invasive stage:a disturbanceinduced mechanism and associated interacting factors

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Journal of plant Ecology 2010年第4期3卷 231-242页

作者： Amit Chakraborty Bai-Lian Li Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521-0124USA center for Conservation biology University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521-0334USA CAU-UCR International center for Ecology and Sustainability University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA

Aims Within a habitat of multiple plant species,increased resource availabilities and altered species abundances following disturbances create opportunities for exotic species to successfully establish and subsequently naturalize into its non-native *** post-disturbance changes in abiotic and biotic environments may also promote a naturalized exotic species(or invading species)to become invasive through rapid colonization of the habitat sites by reducing the extent and size of resident plant *** combining species life history traits with that of the disturbance-induced changes in habitat characteristics,we aimed to determine those interacting factors and associated mechanism allowing an exotic invasion to start *** We used a modified version of the classic competition–colonization(CC)model which was formulated first by Hastings(1980)and studied later by Tilman(1994)to explain spatial coexistence of multiple *** this model framework,recruitment-limited spatial competition has explicitly been linked with interspecific resource competition without altering the basic assumptions and structure of the original CC *** findings The model results showed that at a constant rate of resource supply,invading species can stably coexist with native species via trade-offs between species competitive ability and colonizing *** the other hand,the model predicted that with a fluctuating resource condition,invading species can successfully invade a habitat following continuous reductions in the size and extent of native *** or not invading species holds competitive superiority over the native species for limiting resource,we showed that there exists a range of variation in available resource that allows an exotic invasion to start off in post-disturbance *** associated disturbance-induced mechanism promoting invading species to become invasive has been *** states that occurrences of disturbances suc

关键词： invasion naturalized species spatial competition propagule supply resource variation

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Genomics Approaches to Domestication Studies of Horticultural Crops

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Horticultural plant Journal 2019年第6期5卷 240-246页

作者： Zhongmin Yang Guixiang Li Denise Tieman Guangtao Zhu Key Lab for Potato biology in Universities of Yunnan The CAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato SciencesYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Horticultural Sciences Department Plant Innovation CenterUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA

The majority of crops we eat today are derived from the domestication of their wild progenitors. Crop domestication satisfies the human need for food and nutrition. Characterization of the history and genetic basis of crop domestication is essential for us to conduct modern breeding practices. Genomics provide unprecedented opportunities for us to study domestication. In this review, the typical domestication syndromes of horticultural crops will be introduced. Using the tomato as a typical example, we will discuss how genetic and genomic data were used to decipher the origins, progenitors, and domestication processes of this crop. In the domestication exploration of the genetic basis especially,genome-scaled diversity scanning approaches have gained great popularity. Combining these approaches with QTL(Quantitative trait locus)-mapping, GWAS(Genome wide association study), metabolomics and homology-based searches as well as pan-genomics have demonstrated tremendous advantages and significantly contribute to our understanding of domestication. Genomics studies will accelerate domestication research and further breeding of crops.

关键词： domestication syndrome crop origin genomic scanning domestication genes genetic analysis

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Rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET gene family: Evolution,expression profiling, and sugar transport

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2014年第6期56卷 559-570页

作者： Meng Yuan Junwei Zhao Renyan Huang Xianghua Li Jinghua Xiao Shiping Wang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University

The rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET gene family consists of 21 paralogs. However, their functions in physiological processes are largely unknown, although at least three of the 21 paralogs are used by pathogenic bacteria to infect rice. Here, we report the evolutionary features, transcriptional characteristics, and putative functions in sugar transport of this gene family. The wild rice accessions in this study included those with AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, and GG genomes, which appeared approximately 0.58-14.6 million years ago. The structures, chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, and homologous distribution among the accessions suggest that the number of rice MtN3/saliva/SWEET paralogs gradual y increased as the Oryza genus evolved, and one third of the paralogs may have originated recently. These paralogs are differentially expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues, in the leaf senescence process, and in signaling dependent on gibberel ic acid, cytokinin, or 1-naphthalene acetic acid （an analog of auxin）, suggesting that they may be associated with multiple physiological processes. Four paralogs could transport galactose in yeast, which suggests that they may have a similar function in rice. These results will help to elucidate their roles and biochemical functions in rice development, adaptation to environment, host-pathogen interaction, and so forth.

关键词： Evolution MtN3/saliva domain Oryza sotivo transporter

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DNA cytosine methylation dynamics and functional roles in horticultural crops

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 273-283页

作者： Peipei Liu Ruie Liu Yaping Xu Caixi Zhang Qingfeng Niu Zhaobo Lang National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China School of Agriculture and biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai center for plant Stress biology National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCenter for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China Institute of Advanced Biotechnology School of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Methylation of cytosine is a conserved epigenetic modification that maintains the dynamic balance of methylation in plants under the regulation of methyltransferases and *** recent years,the study of DNA methylation in regulating the growth and development of plants and animals has become a key area of *** review describes the regulatory mechanisms of DNA cytosine methylation in *** summarizes studies on epigenetic modifications of DNA methylation in fruit ripening,development,senescence,plant height,organ size,and under biotic and abiotic stresses in horticultural *** review provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms of DNA methylation and their relevance to breeding,genetic improvement,research,innovation,and exploitation of new cultivars of horticultural crops.

关键词： crops maintain breeding

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Impacts of climate warming on hybrid zone movement： Geographically diffuse and biologically porous ＂species borders＂

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 121-159页

作者： J. Mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. This review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？（ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？（iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？（iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization lead to divergence an

关键词： cryptic species divergence hitchhiking ecologiealspeciation host associateddivergence mosaic genomes range limits recombinant hybrid species phylogeography,polyspecialists species boundaries

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RLS3, a protein with AAA+ domain localized in chloroplast, sustains leaf longevity in rice

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2016年第12期58卷 971-982页

作者： Yanhui Lin Lubin Tan Lei Zhao Xianyou Sun Chuanqing Sun State Key Laboratory of plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University

Leaf senescence plays an important role in crop developmental processes that dramatically affect crop yield and grain quality. The genetic regulation of leaf senescence is complex, involving many metabolic and signaling pathways. Here, we identified a rapid leaf senescence 3 （rls3） mutant that displayed accelerated leaf senescence, shorter plant height and panicle length, and lower seed set rate than the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that RLS3 encodes a protein with AAA＋ domain, localizing it to chloroplasts. Sequence analysis found that the rls3 8ene had a single-nucleotide substitution （G--~A） at the splice site of the Ioth intron/11th exon, resulting in the cleavage of the first nucleotide in 11th exon and premature termination of P, LS3 protein translation. Using transmission electron microscope, the chloroplasts of the rls3 mutant were observed to degrade much faster than those of the wild type. The investigation of the leaf senescence process under dark incubation conditions further revealed that the rls3 mutant displayed rapid leaf senescence. Thus, the RLS3 gene plays key roles in sustaining the normal growth of rice, while loss of function in RLS3 leads to rapid leaf senescence. The identification of RLS3 will be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms involved in leaf senescence in rice.

关键词： AAA+ domain rapid leaf senescence rice RLS3

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