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health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

Interaction Between Ustilaginoidea virens and Rice and Its Sustainable Control

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Rice science 2024年第3期31卷 269-284页

作者： ZHANG Fengmin CAO Zhenzhen ZHENG Xin HE Yuntao CHEN Mingxue LIN Xiaoyan Rice Product Quality Inspection&Supervision Testing center of Ministry of Agriculture and rural Affairs China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

Ustilaginoidea virens is a common rice pathogen that can easily lead to a decline in rice quality and the production of toxins pose potential risks to human *** this review,we present a comprehensive literature review of research since the discovery of rice false *** provide a comprehensive and,at times,critical overview of the main results and findings from related research,and propose future research ***,we delve into the interaction between *** and rice,including the regulation of transcription factors,the process of *** infecting rice panicles,and the plant immune response caused by rice *** that,we discuss the identification and characterization of mycotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus,as well as strategies for disease *** emphasize the importance of comprehensive agricultural prevention and control methods for the sustainable management of *** knowledge will update our understanding of the interaction between *** and rice plants,offering a valuable perspective for those interested in ***.

关键词： rice false smut flower-specific infection mycotoxin food safety plant disease

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of“5E”Comprehensive Injury Prevention Strategy for Fall Prevention Among the rural Elderly—Six Pilot Villages,Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality,China,2018–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第14期6卷 277-281页

作者： Fujin Sun Rong Luo Hui Han National center for Women and Children’s health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?The mortality rate and disease burden associated with falls among the elderly in China are on the *** can play a crucial role in preventing and managing *** is added by this report?The application of the“5E”injury prevention strategy led to a decrease in both the occurrence of falls and the likelihood of subsequent *** physical activity and maintaining a positive outlook were identified as protective measures against falls,while sleep issues and hearing impairment were found to increase the risk of *** are the implications for public health practice?The group-based comprehensive intervention strategy is crucial as it offers an innovative intervention model and empirical evidence for decreasing fall rates among elderly individuals living in rural areas.

关键词： Chongqing rural prevention

Problem identification and revitalization strategies for the recovery and reconstruction of traditional villages in the Ms 6.8 Luding Earthquake

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 361-379页

作者： HUANG Chao QIU Jian LIU Chun JIANG Rui ZHAO Chuanrong ZHANG Yi School of Architecture and Research center of Space Planning and Engineering Design Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Sichuan Provincial rural Construction and Development center Chengdu 610041China Sichuan Institute of Urban and rural Construction Chengdu 610043China China Association for Promoting Democracy(CAPD)Sichuan Provincial Committee Chengdu 610016China Sichuan Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute(SADI) Chengdu 610095China

Post-disaster reconstruction is a topic of global concern,and traditional villages have special heritage attributes and need to face more requirements and obstacles in post-disaster *** paper summarizes four concepts based on the research on post-disaster reconstruction both domestically and internationally,as well as the recovery and reconstruction of cultural *** a field survey of traditional villages in the Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake-stricken area,it is found that there are problems such as insufficient awareness of heritage value,misalignment of scientific reconstruction technology,and insufficient protection of reconstruction elements during the reconstruction *** villages face the risk of declining or even loss of heritage *** order to effectively protect traditional villages and inherit the carrier of regional culture,four targeted reconstruction response strategies are proposed,i.e.,to"establish special planning for traditional village preservation","emphasize recovery of the authenticity of village heritage","ensure elements for village heritage recovery"and"promote the activation and utilization of village heritage",based on the problems discovered during the survey and the four concepts summarized in the research on post-disaster reconstruction of traditional *** research results hope to provide useful reference for ancient cultural areas affected by earthquakes on how to protect cultural heritage during the post-disaster reconstruction process.

关键词： Seismic hazard Decision making Traditional village Cultural heritage protection Post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction Revitalization strategy

Improving access to urban parks through public transit optimization

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第3期13卷 575-592页

作者： Ning Xu Kaidan Guan Pu Wang School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Jiangsu Provincial Urban and rural Digital Technology Engineering center Nanjing 210096China

This study establishes an evaluation and optimization framework for the public transit network based on social network analysis and a greedy algorithm,aiming to explore a quantitative approach to improving access to urban parks through public transit *** network analysis and the ArcGIS platform are used to build a public transit network model within Nanjing Old City and analyze its overall network structure *** study also focuses on a method to improve the convenience of reaching regional and citylevel parks by public transit by increasing access and connecting points accordingly.A greedy algorithm is introduced to generate an optimized solution for improving public transit accessibility to regional and city-level parks,consequently enhancing their *** major findings include:(1)The greedy algorithm effectively enhances the performance of the public transit network,but its benefits gradually diminish as more stations are added.(2)Strategically adding stations enhances the performance of most public transit access points,creating efficient pathways for other stations to directly reach these access points and enter regional and city-level parks.(3)The optimized public transit network model offers guidance for the planning and layout of regional and city-level *** site selection for new parks should prioritize establishing connections with the“hubs”in the public transit *** proposed optimization of the public transit network in this study is specific to a single type of urban park,but subsequent research could be conducted to extend the optimization of public transit accessibility around more urban public resources.

关键词： Urban parks Social network analysis Accessibility optimization Public transit network Greedy algorithm

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years—Western and Central rural Areas,China,2012–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第3期6卷 51-55页

作者： Peipei Xu Juan Xu Wei Cao Titi Yang Qian Gan Hongliang Wang Ruihe Luo Hui Pan Qian Zhang National Institute for Nutrition and health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Vitamin A deficiency(VAD)is a leading global nutritional concern,ranking among the top four major nutritional deficiencies *** prevalence of VAD is unevenly distributed across various regions,both within China and *** is added by this report?The report adds valuable insights into the vitamin A nutritional status of rural students aged 6–17 years who participated in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES).Over the decade from 2012 to 2021,there was a modest improvement in vitamin A *** prevalence of VAD and sub-clinical VAD(SVAD)declined as the students *** the majority of the survey years,the incidence of VAD was higher among males and western regions compared to females and central regions,*** are the implications for public health practice?A comprehensive approach,incorporating dietary diversification,nutrition education,and food fortification,should be implemented to prevent VAD and SVAD especially in males,younger children and children in western areas.

关键词： vitamin rural younger

Modifications in aroma characteristics of'Merlot'dry red wines aged in American,French and Slovakian oak barrels with different toasting degrees

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 381-391页

作者： Haocheng Lu Binhao Cheng Yibin Lan Changqing Duan Fei He center for Viticulture and Enology College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China

Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to *** the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak *** fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel *** concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak *** concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting *** compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could *** fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.

关键词： Wine Aroma Oak Barrel Oak species Toasting degrees Geographic origin Aging

Development of a Proof-of-Concept Multi-Method Computer Simulation to Support rural healthcare Disaster Preparedness Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.Berg Kristina W.Kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly Scott A.Lawson Carole R.Myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public health and healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a lack of resources, rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as well as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow of affected people into and through the *** combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

A vision system based on CNN-LSTM for robotic citrus sorting Author links open overlay panel

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 14-25页

作者： Yonghua Yu Xiaosong An Jiahao Lin Shanjun Li Yaohui Chen College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China National R&D center for Citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China Citrus Mechanization Research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Compared with manual sorting of citrus fruit,vision-based sorting solutions can help achieve higher accuracy and *** this study,we present a vision system based on CNN-LSTM,which can cooperate with robotic grippers for real-time sorting and is readily applicable to various citrus processing plants.A CNN-based detector was adopted to detect the defective oranges in view and temporarily classify them into corresponding types,and an LSTM-based predictor was used to predict the position of the oranges in a future frame based on image sequential *** fusion of CNN and LSTM networks enabled the system to track defective ones during rotation and identify their true types,and their future path was also predicted which is vital for predictive control of visually guided robotic *** detection accuracy of 94.1%was obtained based on experimental results,and the error for path prediction was within 4.33 pixels 40 frames *** average time to process a frame was between 28 and 62 frames per second,which also satisfied real-time *** results proved the potential of the proposed system for automated citrus sorting with good precision and efficiency,and it can be readily extended to other fruit crops featuring high versatility.

关键词： Deep learning Long short-term memory Vision system Online citrus sorting Path prediction