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Potential dependence in electrocatalysis: a theoretical perspective

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 21-25页

作者： Leyu Liu Zhaoming Xia Zeyu Wang Yinjuan Chen Hai Xiao Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Fundamental Science center of rare earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic materials and Technology Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University

Electrocatalysis is a key technology for the new energy era and sustainable development, serving as the interface for interconversion of electrical and chemical energies, which spans a wide spectrum of applications in sustainable energy and environmental engineering. Electrocatalytic reactions including electrochemical CO2reduction reaction （eCO2RR）, hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）, and oxygen evolution/reduction reactions （OER/ORR）, hold essential promise for renewable energy technologies as well as complement the biogeochemical carbon and oxygen cycles.

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Synthesis of palladium-rare earth alloy as a high-performance bifunctional catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells

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Nano Research 2024年第11期17卷 9525-9531页

作者： Qingqing Li Chang Sun Xiaolei Sun Zijun Yin Yaping Du Jin-Cheng Liu Feng Luo Tianjin Key Laboratory of rare earth materials and Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University Beijing 100032 China

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have drawn attention for their simplicity, rapid start-up, high power density and environmental friendliness. Despite these advantages, the widespread application of DEFCs faces challenges, primarily due to the inadequate performance of anode and cathode catalysts. Pd-based materials have shown exceptional catalytic activity for both the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Alloying noble metals with rare earth elements has emerged as an effective strategy to further enhance the catalytic activity by modulating the electronic structure. In this study, we synthesized a series of palladium-rare earth (Pd3RE) alloys supported on carbon to serve as bifunctional catalysts that efficiently promote both ORR and EOR. Compared to Pd/C, the Pd3Tb/C catalyst exhibits 3.1-fold and 1.8-fold enhancement in activity for ORR and EOR, respectively. The charge transfer in the Pd3Tb/C results in an electron-rich Pd component, thereby weakening the binding energy with oxygen species and facilitating the two reactions.

关键词： rare earth alloy oxygen reduction reaction ethanol oxidation reaction direct ethanol fuel cells bifunctional electrocatalyst charge transfer

Applications of X-ray fluorescence analysis of rare earths in China

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Journal of rare earths 2010年第S1期28卷 30-36页

作者：吴文琪许涛郝茜王强张淑杰赵长玉 National Engineering Research center of rare earth Metallurgy and functional materials Baotou Research Institute of rare earths Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel rare earth Magnetic materials CO. LTD.

A review was presented on the applications of X-ray fluorescence(XRF) analysis in Chinese rare earth industry during the last 20 *** application consisted of the analysis of rare earth elements in ores and soil,concentrates,compounds,metals,alloys,functional materials,fast and online analysis in separation process,and so *** analytical method was described on pressed powders,fused beads,liquid thin films and solid *** detections of rare earth elements and compounds were concerned in iron and steel,nonferrous metals,petrochemical,geology,biology,electronic materials and other fields.

关键词： review XRFA rare earths

CeO_(2)with diverse morphologies-supported IrOx nanocatalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction—Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician Guangxian Xu

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Journal of rare earths 2021年第4期39卷 357-363页

作者： Qingqing Li Zhichao Zeng Xiaolei Sun Feng Luo Yaping Du Tianjin Key Lab for rare earth materials and Applications Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China IMDEA Nanoscience Faraday 9Ciudad Universitaria de CantoblancoMadrid28049Spain

IrOx-based catalysts are considered the most promising candidates for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)due to their high ***,improving their intrinsic catalytic activity is essential for practical *** this work,CeO_(2)with three different morphologies(rod,cube,octahedron)and supported IrOx nanoparticles were fabricated,and they display morphology-dependent OER *** IrOx/CeO_(2)-rod shows the highest activity;the catalysts have a catalytic activity sequence of rod>cube>octahedron.A plausible mechanism was proposed:the CeO_(2)support with different morphologies modulates the electronic structure of IrOx by the synergistic interaction promoted by oxygen vacancies between the active component and the support,thereby altering the catalytic activity of the IrOx/CeO_(2)catalyst.

关键词： IrOx/CeO_(2)catalyst Oxygen evolution reaction Morphology effect Oxygen vacancy rare earths

rare-earth-incorporated low-dimensional chalcogenides: Dry-method syntheses and applications

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InfoMat 2020年第3期2卷 466-482页

作者： Zheshan Zhang Hongyang Zhao Chao Zhang Feng Luo Yaping Du Tianjin Key Lab for rare earth materials and Applications Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjinChina IMDEA Nanoscience MadridSpain

Chalcogenide thin films incorporating rare-earth (RE) elements with applicationsin optics, electronics, and magnetics have received considerable *** at growing pure chalcogenides, dry-method syntheses have beendeveloped. In this review, we summarize the progress thus far on lowdimensionalRE-based chalcogenides (RECs), covering fabrication methods,structures, and applications. This review also provides the summary and perspectivesof the challenges of fabrication and opportunities on the applicationof RECs in the future.

关键词： chalcogenide dry-method synthesis rare earth elements

Leaching ion adsorption rare earth by aluminum sulfate for increasing efficiency and lowering the environmental impact

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Journal of rare earths 2019年第4期37卷 429-436页

作者： Lifen Yang Cuicui Li Dashan Wang Fengyang Li Yanzhu Liu Xuezhen Zhou Mingbiao Liu Xiufeng Wang Yongxiu Li Research center for rare earths & Nano/Micro functional materials Nanchang University Qiandong rare earth Croup Co. Ltd.

The leaching efficiency(LE) of ion adsorption rare earth(IARE) by the sulfate and chloride of ammonium,magnesium and aluminum were comparatively determined using column leaching method. It is found that at equal equivalent concentration of cation, the LE of IARE by aluminum sulfate is the highest, and the zeta potential of clay mineral particles in the tailing is near to zero, which means a lower risk of landslide and pollutant emission. Furthermore, the optimum concentration of aluminum sulfate is determined to be0.02 mol/L, which is much lower than that of ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. To reduce the production cost and environmental impact, we proposed a multi-stage leaching process, which was firstly leaching with ammonium sulfate and then with aluminum sulfate, following by water washing and lime neutralizing. With the ratio of ammonium sulfate to aluminum sulfate varying from 1:0 to 0.5:0.5, the residual ammonium in tailing decreases from 11.2% to 0.6%, however, the LE of RE shows an optimum value at 0.8:0.2. By neutralizing the pH of tailing with lime water to over 6, the ion concentration in water rinsing solution can meet the requirement for water discharge. At the same time, the zeta potential of clay particles is found to be around-5 mV, means a relatively lower risk of landslide. These facts indicate that the LE of IARE can be increased and the danger caused by tailings landslides and pollutant emissions can be reduced by replacing ammonium sulfate with aluminum sulfate as leaching reagent.

关键词： Ion adsorption rare earth Aluminium sulfate Leaching efficiency Environmental protection

Defect and interface engineering for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 448-468页

作者： Dongxue Guo Shuo Wang Jun Xu Wenjun Zheng Danhong Wang TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry School of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China center for rare earth and inorganic functional materials Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and ApplicationsNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(e-NRR)under ambient conditions is an emerging strategy to tackle the hydrogen-and energy-intensive operations for traditional Haber-Bosch process in industrial ammonia(NH_(3))***,the e-NRR performance is currently impeded by the inherent inertness of N_(2) molecules,the extremely slow kinetics and the overwhelming competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),all of which cause unsatisfied yield and ammonia selectivity(Faradaic efficiency,FE).Defect and interface engineering are capable of achieving novel physical and chemical properties as well as superior synergistic effects for various *** this review,we first provide a general introduction to the NRR *** then focus on the recent progress in defect and interface engineering and summarize how defect and interface can be rationally designed and functioned in NRR ***,the origin of superior NRR catalytic activity by applying these approaches was discussed from both theoretical and experimental ***,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this emerging area are *** is expected that this review will shed some light on designing NRR electrocatalysts with excellent activity,selectivity and stability.

关键词： Nitrogen reduction Electrocatalysis Defect engineering Interface engineering Ambient conditions

Pitch-derived 3D amorphous carbon encapsulated sulfur-rich cathode for aqueous Zn-S batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第9期66卷 2711-2718页

作者： Kangning Wang Jianwei Wang Ziqi Zhang Wenlin Zhang Feng Fu Yaping Du School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Yan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China Tianjin Key Lab for rare earth materials and Applications Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional MaterialsHaihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsSmart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science CenterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries have attracted much attention due to their high security, plentiful zinc resources, and environmental friendliness. However, it can only offer limited specific capacity and energy density based on ion insertion chemistry cathode. Herein, we design a low-cost and high-energy density aqueous Zn-S battery where the conversion cathode was fabricated by pitch-derived three-dimensional(3D) amorphous carbon encapsulated industrial-grade sulfur powder. The cost of the chemical substances for this aqueous Zn-S battery might be reduced to $9.38 per kW h based on the affordable cost of the raw ingredients. It is found that the PAC/S-60.33% cathode reveals excellent electrochemical performance, including a high reversible capacity(633.5 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)), high energy density(297.5 Wh kg^(-1)), an excellent rate capability(204.5 mAh g^(-1) at 5.5 A g^(-1)), as well as good cycling stability(180 mAh g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 5.0 A g^(-1)). Besides, the reaction mechanism of the cathode was investigated using ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and transmission electron microscope(TEM). It was demonstrated that the cathode undergoes a conversion reaction between S and Zn S. Furthermore, the discoveries also offer prospective possibilities to fabricate more secure and inexpensive battery systems.

关键词： pitch 3D amorphous carbon sulfur-rich aqueous Zn-S batteries

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Formation cause,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of rare earth solid wastes

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Journal of rare earths 2009年第6期27卷 1096-1102页

作者：许涛彭会清 Resource & Environment College Wuhan University of Technology National Engineering Research center of rare earth Metallurgy & functional materials Baotou Research Institute of rare earths

Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were *** cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...

关键词： rare earths solid wastes comprehensive utilization