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Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment:Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第2期11卷 141-157页

作者： FANG Yi-Ping ZHU Ran ZHANG Chen-Jia Golam RASUL Nilhari NEUPANE Institute of mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China International Centre for Integrated mountain Development GPO Box3226KathmanduNepal center of Research for Environment Energy and WaterKathmandu44600Nepal

Rural communities in the Koshi River basin,a trans-boundary river basin in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas,have been experiencing unprecedented difficulties for adapting with the livelihood challenges arising from floods,droughts and other climatic,environmental and socio-economic stresses.The single purpose adaptation approach often fails to address the multiple challenges arises from cascading effects of climate change at different scales and stages.To fill this gap,we developed a multi-dimensional flexible adaptation framework looking at the four dimensions of adaptation,structure,issue,time,and space(SITS).The SITS framework provides a comprehensive approach for cascading adaptation at trans-boundary river basin level and it could effectively enhance the adaptive capacity and transform livelihood outcome if properly implemented.Following the SITS framework,we examined four cascading adaptation pathways for:i)reducing disaster stressors on livelihoods,ii)enhancing access to crucial livelihood capitals,iii)improving equal rights to livelihood,and iv)strengthening synergies and exploiting complementarities at trans-boundary river basin level.The findings revealed that in the context of changing climate,it is necessary to employ different livelihood adaptation strategies and multiple responses simultaneously or sequentially to successfully adapt to the cascading effects of changing climate.The cascading adaptation may provide a sound basis on which to cope with the climate uncertainty through realistic scenarios of structure,issue,time and space.Its implementation,however,has several obstacles,for example,differences in national system,investment capacity,complexity of trans-boundary basin,remained particularly in trans-boundary river basin where managing transnational trade-offs and harness spatial synergies are critically important.

关键词： Cascading adaptation Rural livelihood Trans-boundary river basin SITS framework

SBFT:A BFT Consensus Mechanism Based on DQN Algorithm for Industrial Internet of Thing

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中国通信:英文版 2023年第10期20卷 185-199页

作者： Ningjie Gao Ru Huo Shuo Wang Jiang Liu Tao Huang Yunjie Liu State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Future Network Research center Purple Mountain LaboratoriesNanjing 211111China

With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to the conflict between the operational performance and security of the blockchain system and the compatibility issues with a large number of IIoT devices running together,the mainstream blockchain system cannot be applied to IIoT scenarios.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes SBFT(Speculative Byzantine Consensus Protocol),a flexible and scalable blockchain consensus mechanism for the Industrial Internet of Things.SBFT has a consensus process based on speculation,improving the throughput and consensus speed of blockchain systems and reducing communication overhead.In order to improve the compatibility and scalability of the blockchain system,we select some nodes to participate in the consensus,and these nodes have better performance in the network.Since multiple properties determine node performance,we abstract the node selection problem as a joint optimization problem and use Dueling Deep Q Learning(DQL)to solve it.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the scheme through simulation,and the simulation results prove the superiority of our scheme.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things Byzantine fault tolerance speculative consensus mechanism Markov decision process deep reinforcement learning

Planar dual-polarized millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna with high band isolation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第10期23卷 1568-1578页

作者： Yuyan CAO Zijun GUO Zhangcheng HA State Key Lab of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Frontiers Science center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Purple mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111

A planar millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna is proposed and designed in this paper.By composing the substrate integrated waveguide(SIW)and the stripline,the K-band antenna is embedded inside the Ka-band antenna to achieve a smaller size and a low profile by sharing an aperture.The Ka-band antenna radiates through the parallel slot pairs on the surface of the SIW cavities with horizontal polar‐ization,while the K-band antenna radiates through the butterfly-shaped slots with vertical polarization,which are also designed on the surface.Then the two array antennas can radiate by sharing a common ap‐erture with high isolation.To verify this idea,a proto‐type of an 8×8 shared-aperture array antenna has been designed with center frequencies of 19 and 30 GHz and fabricated using multilayer printed circuit board(PCB)technology.

关键词： antenna millimeter polarization

Full-spectrum cell-free RAN for 6G systems: system design and experimental results

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 80-93页

作者： Dongming WANG Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Wei XU Jiamin LI Pengcheng ZHU Yanxiang JIANG Yang CAO Xinjiang XIA Ziyang ZHANG Qingji JIANG Pan WANG Dongjie LIU Kang ZHENG Mengting LOU Jing JIN Qixing WANG Jiangzhou WANG National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple mountain Laboratories China Mobile Research Institute School of Engineering University of Kent

With distributed transceivers and scalable cooperative transmission, cell-free massive multipleinput multiple-output(CF-m MIMO) technology eliminates the “cells” of traditional mobile communications,thereby significantly improving the performance of wireless networks. CF-m MIMO is considered as a major technical tool for achieving the key performance indicators of sixth generation(6G) mobile communication systems. In this paper, a scalable implementation architecture for CF-m MIMO is proposed, based on which potential key technologies such as channel information acquisition, transceiver design, dynamic user and access point association, and novel duplexing are introduced. Finally, based on low-cost commercial access points, a CF-m MIMO testbed with 64 transmit and receive antennas is developed, and the performance of the distributed receiver design is evaluated.

关键词： 6G scalable cell-free massive MIMO cell-free radio access network prototype system

Biodiversity conservation in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan mountain region of northern Pakistan:Overview of big mammal protection

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1360-1373页

作者： KHAN Humaira BAIG Siddique Ullah High mountain Research center Department of Development StudiesCOMSATS University Islamabad(Abbottabad Campus)Abbottabad 22010Pakistan

The high mountains of northern Pakistan comprise the western section of the Hindu KushKarakoram-Himalayas(HKH)region of South and Central Asia.They are home to some rare and endangered species of fauna and flora which form an important link in the biodiversity of the region as a whole.Increasing population and changing life styles in recent decades have brought unprecedented pressures on the biodiversity of this region.Along with the government,the non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and communities have a crucial role to play in conserving biodiversity.In this regard,a number of undertakings to protect depleting species have been initiated by governmental and nongovernmental entities.These efforts are commendable and some have produced positive results,but many exist on a small scale and,with a few exceptions,are not self-sustaining.This paper reports on some of these initiatives of conserving big mammal species like the Astor markhor,Blue sheep,Himalayan brown bear,Himalayan ibex and Snow leopard,with the aim of collating and highlighting them,identifying gaps in conservation and suggesting a way forward so as to promote conservation projects on a larger and more sustainable basis.

关键词： Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan Biodiversity Conservation Big mammals Trophy hunting

Rainfall Threshold Calculation Method for Debris Flow Pre-Warning in Data-Poor Areas

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 854-862页

作者：潘华利黄江成汪稔欧国强 Key Laboratory of mountain Hazards and Surface Progress Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Asian International Rivers center Yunnan University State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Debris flows are the one type of natural disaster that is most closely associated with hu- man activities. Debris flows are characterized as being widely distributed and frequently activated. Rainfall is an important component of debris flows and is the most active factor when debris flows oc- cur. Rainfall also determines the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the hazards. A reasonable rainfall threshold target is essential to ensuring the accuracy of debris flow pre-warning. Such a threshold is important for the study of the mechanisms of debris flow formation, predicting the characteristics of future activities and the design of prevention and engineering control measures. Most mountainous areas have little data regarding rainfall and hazards, especially in debris flow forming re- gions. Therefore, both the traditional demonstration method and frequency calculated method cannot satisfy the debris flow pre-warning requirements. This study presents the characteristics of pre-warning regions, included the rainfall, hydrologic and topographic conditions. An analogous area with abundant data and the same conditions as the pre-warning region was selected, and the rainfall threshold was calculated by proxy. This method resolved the problem of debris flow pre-warning in ar- eas lacking data and provided a new approach for debris flow pre-warning in mountainous areas.

关键词： rainfall threshold debris flow pre-warning calculation method data lack area.

Numerical investigation of pile responses induced by adjacent tunnel excavation in spatially variable clays

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Underground Space 2022年第5期7卷 911-927页

作者： Xin Gu Fuyong Chen Wengang Zhang Qi Wang Hanlong Liu School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in mountain Area Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina National Joint Engineering Research center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

The pile responses induced by adjacent tunnel excavation have been a hot research topic in geotechnical engineering.Tunnel excavation may exert disturbance to the surrounding soil mass and then influence the adjacent pile foundations.In this paper,the random finite difference analysis considering the spatial variations of soil properties is conducted to explore the effect of tunnel excavation on the adjacent pile response by varying the distance of pile away from the tunnel centerline(D),the pile length(L),the pile diameter(d_(p)),the tunnel depth(h),and the anisotropic ratio between the horizontal and the vertical scales of fluctuation(δ_(x)/δ_(y)).A set of pile response curves are developed to assess the influence of tunnel excavation on the adjacent passive pile foundations in spatially variable clays and provide guidelines for the tunnel excavation in the complex constructed environment.

关键词： Pile response Tunnel excavation Random field Spatially variable clays Random finite difference analysis

Estimates on age,growth,and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the Anning River,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 736-744页

作者： MA Baoshan NIE Yuanyuan WEI Kaijin XU Bin ZHU Xiangyun XU Jin Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan 430223 China Development center for Animal Husbandry in mountain Area in Miao Autonomous County of Songtao Tongren 554100 China

The age, growth, and mortality of Gymnocypris firmispinatus were studied by 582 individuals that collected between July 2015 and June 2016 from the tributaries of the Anning River, China. The total length (TL) ranged from 27 mm to 242 mm, total weight (W) ranged from 0.2 g to 148.2 g. The relationship of total length and weight was expressed as W =7.754×10^-6 TL^ 3.304 for the total samples. The age classes of males were 1–9 a, and that of females were 1–13 a. The von Bertalanff y functions based on otolith readings and observed length data were L t ♂=198.6(1–e^-0.094 ( t +3.497)), and L t ♀=289.3(1–e^-0.089 ( t +1.109)). The total mortality ( Z ) of male and female G . firmispinatus was estimated as 0.73/a and 0.40/a, respectively. The natural mortality ( M ) was evaluated as 0.25/a for males and 0.20/a for females, fishing mortality ( F ) was 0.35/a for males and 0.16/a for females. The exploitation ratio of the population was 0.66/a for males and 0.50/a for females. It was concluded that the growth of the fish is relatively slower than other congeneric fishes. The population of G . firmispinatus in the tributaries of the Anning River might be in over-exploitation under the current fishing intensity.

关键词： otolith growth von Bertalanff y model mortality Gymnocypris firmispinatus

Dynamic Effect of Landslides Triggered by Earthquake:A Case Study in Moxi Town of Luding County,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 221-234页

作者： Hongfu Zhou Fei Ye Wenxi Fu Bin Liu Tian Fang Rui Li Chengdu center China Geological SurveyChengdu 610081China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain Rivers Protection Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Sichuan Geological Survey Chengdu610081China Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590China

The dynamic effect is a very important issue widely debated by scholars when studying the genetic and disaster-causing mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides.First,the dynamic effect mechanism and phenomena of earthquake-triggered landslides were summarized in this paper.Then,the primary types of dynamic effects were further used to interpret the Mogangling landslide in Moxi Town of Luding County,China.A field investigation,remote sensing,numerical calculation and theoretical analysis were carried out to illustrate the failure mechanism of slope rock masses affected by earthquakes.The interaction between seismic waves and slope rock masses and the induced dynamic effect of slope rock masses were primarily accounted for in the analysis.The slope topography,rock mass weathering and unloading characteristics,river erosion,regional seismogenic structure,and rock mass structure characteristics were also discussed.The results showed that the formation of the Mogangling landslide was mainly related to the high amplification effect of seismic acceleration and back slope effects,interface dynamic stress effects,and double-sided slope effects of seismic waves caused by the catastrophic Ms 7.75 Moxi Earthquake in 1786.The principles for the site and route selection of large-scale infrastructure in the planning stage and the scientific prevention of seismic geological disasters were proposed on the basis of the dynamic effect of earthquake-induced landslides.

关键词： dynamic effect coupling of endogenic and exogenic processes landslides earthquakes disaster prevention