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Commentary on:“Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies”

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： Diane M.Snow Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research center(SCoBIRC) Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyThe University of Kentucky

Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.

关键词： data Commentary on Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies SCI

Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to and Axonal Projections from GABAergic Neurons in the Parafacial Zone

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第3期34卷 485-496页

作者： Yun-Ting Su Meng-Yang Gu Xi Chu Xiang Feng Yan-Qin Yu Department of neurobiology and Physiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine

The GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone（PZ） play an important role in sleep-wake regulation and have been identified as part of a sleep-promoting center in the brainstem, but the long-range connections mediating this function remain poorly characterized. Here, we performed whole-brain mapping of both the inputs and outputs of the GABAergic neurons in the PZ of the mouse brain. We used the modified rabies virus Env A-DG-Ds Red combined with a Cre/lox P gene-expression strategy to map the direct monosynaptic inputs to the GABAergic neurons in the PZ, and found that they receive inputs mainly from the hypothalamic area, zona incerta, and parasubthalamic nucleus in the hypothalamus; the substantia nigra, pars reticulata and deep mesencephalic nucleus in the midbrain;and the intermediate reticular nucleus and medial vestibular nucleus（parvocellular part） in the pons and *** also mapped the axonal projections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with adeno-associated virus, and defined the reciprocal connections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with their input and output nuclei. The newlyfound inputs and outputs of the PZ were also listed compared with the literature. This cell-type-specific neuronal whole-brain mapping of the PZ GABAergic neurons may reveal the circuits underlying various functions such as sleep-wake regulation.

关键词： Parafacial zone Parvocellular reticular formation GABAergic neurons Trans-synaptic tracing

INFLUENCE OF ANTIDROM IC ELECTRIC STIM ULATI ON ONPREPROTACHYKININ m RNA EXPRESSION IN ADJACENT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA OF RATS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 1999年第2期13卷 97-102页

作者： Li Xiuhua,Zhao Yan,Shi Wenchun,Li XinminFirst Affiliated Hospital,Wang Huisheng Research center of neurobiology, Xi′an Medical University, Xi′an 710061 Research center of neurobiology Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710061 China

By in situ hybridization histochemistry, the changes of preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA expression were examined in the neurons of adjacent thoracal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a strong electric stimulation to an intact dorsal cutaneous branch and the cut distal part of left T 9 thoracal spinal nerve of rat. There was a significant increase of the number of neurons expressing PPT mRNA in the ipsilateral T 8, T 9 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to intact spinal nerve branch 24 h after the electric stimulation. The same increase was found in the ipsilateral T 8 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to the distal part of spinal nerve branch. While no change was found in the DRG of the contralateral side of these animals. The present results showed that the antidromic electric stimulation strengthened the biosynthesis of PPT mRNA in adjacent DRG. These findings suggested that there was information transmission across segments between two sensory nerve endings and some bioactive substances such as SP might play important roles in the information transmission across segments of spinal cord.

关键词： preprotachykinin mRNA electric stimulation in situ hybridization histochemistry information transmission across segments dorsal root ganglion rat

Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays multiple roles in the executive function of patients with Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1759-1767页

作者： Zihang Zhou Yalong Yan Heng Gu Ruiao Sun Zihan Liao Ke Xue Chuanxi Tang Department of neurobiology Xuzhou Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive *** common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive *** functions help us plan,organize,and control our actions based on our *** brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal co *** acts as the command center for the brain,especially when it comes to regulating executive *** role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called ***,little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s *** this article,the authors review the latest research on this *** start by looking at how the dopaminergic syste m,is alte red in Parkinson’s disease with executive ***,they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure,electrical activity,and connection components of the prefrontal *** authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-related cognitive *** information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： dopamine dopamine receptor dopamine transporter executive dysfunction neural network neural oscillation prefrontal cortex synaptic plasticity

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

β-Arrestin-2 inhibits preference for alcohol in mice and suppresses Akt signaling in the dorsal striatum

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第5期29卷 531-540页

作者： Haohong Li Yezheng Tao Li Ma Xing Liu Lan Ma The State Key Laboratory of Medical neurobiology and the Pharmacology Research center Shanghai Medical Collegeand the Institute of Brain Science Fudan University

In this study,we investigated the role ofβ-arrestin-2in alcohol preference using the two-bottle choice and conditioned place preference procedures in wild-type（WT）andβ-arrestin-2 knockout（KO）*** and righting reflex tests were performed to test alcohol *** possible molecular signals regulated byβ-arrestin-2 were analyzed by Western *** found thatβ-arrestin-2 KO mice showed a marked increase in voluntary alcohol consumption without significant differences in preference for saccharin or aversion to *** animals also exhibited higher conditioned place preference scores for alcohol than WT ***,KO mice showed reduced sensitivity to alcohol and increased blood alcohol ***,after the free consumption of alcohol,the activities of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β（GSK3β）increased in the dorsal striatum of WT mice,but not in KO mice,which showed high basal activity of Akt in the dorsal *** results suggest thatβ-arrestin-2 negatively regulates alcohol preference and reward,likely through regulating the activation of signaling pathways including Akt/GSK3βin the dorsal striatum.

关键词： β-arrestin alcohol preference Akt

EFFECT OF MELATONIN AGAINST GLUTAMATE-INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY ON CULTURED CEREBRAL CORTICAL NEURONS

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Academic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2000年第2期12卷 101-103页

作者：杨翠赵晏王会生史文春 neurobiology center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China

Objective: To research the effect of melatonin against glutamate excitotoxicity. Methods: The model of glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage was built up in rat cerebral cortical cell culture. The effect of melatonin against excitotoxic injury was observed by determining the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) from neurons. Results: The leakage rate of LDH wasn't decreased markedly when cultures were exposed to melatonin before, during or 6 h after glutamate treatment. The leakage rate of LDH was decreased significantly when melatonin was administered 0 h, 2 h or 4 h after the cultures were exposed to glutamate. The inhibitory function of melatonin on LDH leakage was most effective at 2 h and 4 h. Conclusion: Melatonin has protective effects on neurons damaged by glutamate in a certain time limit.

关键词： LDH MT EFFECT OF MELATONIN AGAINST GLUTAMATE-INDUCED EXCITOTOXICITY ON CULTURED CEREBRAL CORTICAL NEURONS

Mind-body control:a new perspective on motor neuron function

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第9期9卷 3557-3559页

作者： Maria-Luise Petrovic-Erfurth Albena Jordanova molecular Neurogenomics Group VIB Center for Molecular NeurologyVIB2610 AntwerpBelgium molecular Neurogenomics Group Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp2610 AntwerpBelgium molecular Medicine center Department of Medical Chemistry and BiochemistryMedical University-Sofia1431 SofiaBulgaria

A recent study published in Nature1 used an optogeneticallyactivated behavioral paradigm in fruit flies to demonstrate that individual motor neurons command their target muscles in a biased manner to execute body movements,based on the mechanosensory feedback preceding the *** finding contradicts the current postulate that activation of a specific motor neuron would always result in a pre-determined fixed muscle response,adding important new perspectives in the fields of neurobiology,biomechanics,and *** a dancing ballerina executes her turns,she typically controls her head position and fixes her gaze on a single orientation *** spotting technique helps her to maintain balance and to prevent dizziness during her complex *** how is this mind-body control achieved from a neurobiological point of view?

关键词： execute individual maintain

Expression of Phospho-MeCP2s in the Developing Rat Brain and Function of Postnatal MeCP2 in Cerebellar Neural Cell Development

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第1期33卷 1-16页

作者： Fang Liu Jing-Jing Ni Feng-Yan Sun Department of neurobiology Institute of Biomedical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Research center on Aging and Medicine Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Abnormal expression and dysfunction of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 （MeCP2） cause Rett syndrome （RTT）. The diverse phosphorylation modifications modulate MeCP2 function in neural cells. Using western blot and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression patterns of MeCP2 and three phospho-MeCP2s （pMeCP2s） in the developing rat brain. The expression of MeCP2 and phospho-S80 （pS80） MeCP2 increased while pS421 MeCP2 and pS292 MeCP2 decreased with brain maturation. In contrast to the nuclear localization of MeCP2 and pS80 MeCP2, pS421 MeCP2 and pS292 MeCP2 were mainly expressed in the cytoplasmic com- partment. Apart from their distribution in neurons, they were also detected at a low level in astrocytes. Postnatallyinitiated MeCP2 deficiency affected cerebellar neural cell development, as determined by the abnormal expression of GFAP, DCX, Tuj 1, MAP-2, and calbindin-D28k. Together, these results demonstrate that MeCP2 and diverse pMeCP2s have distinct features of spatio-temporal expression in the rat brain, and that the precise levels of MeCP2 in the postnatal period are vital to cerebellar neural cell development.

关键词： MeCP2 Phospho-MeCP2 Braindevelopment Cytoplasm Astrocyte Cerebellum