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Darwinian rebel:The legacy of Loh-Seng Tsai-Chinese animal psychologist

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Protein & Cell 2022年第10期13卷 701-706页

作者： Yong Wang Wei Chen Shiying Li Bin Yin center for Brain Mindand EducationShaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China School of Psychology Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Loh-Seng Tsai(蔡乐生,1901–1992)(Fig.1),the worldrenowned Chinese animal psychologist and psychopharmacologist,was born to a merchant family in Chaoan County,Guangdong Province on February 6th,*** was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951 and *** Nixon praised his“exemplary academic achievements”in ***’s research in experimental psychology can be divided into two *** the first stage(1919–1949),Tsai embarked on the path of psychology as a student under the guidance of Clarence Herbert ***,Tsai expanded and popularized the experimental research conducted by comparative psychologist Zing-Yang Kuo(郭任远,1898–1970)and Harvey Carr,both of whom were Tsai’s supervisors at different times.

关键词： logist Peace expanded

Role of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in children in Germany

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第4期18卷 283-284页

作者： Stefan Bittmann Department of Pediatrics Medical and Finance Center EpePed Mind Institute(PMI)Hindenburgring 448599 GronauGermany

A new variant of SARS-CoV-2,B.1.1.529 was first reported by the South African Department of Health on Nov 24,*** new variant was named as B.1.1.529 Omicron and was classified as a variant of concern(VOC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on Nov 26,2021[1-13],Phylogenetic studies showed that Omicron arose independently of the currently dominant delta *** has an unusually high number of approximately 30 changes of amino acids in the spike protein compared with the original SARS-CoV-2,including those with known phenotypic impact(increase in transmission,immune evasion,and transmissibility),but significances of many mutations are still unclear[4-7].

关键词： Omi Phylogenetic children

Discussion about the Triple Foundational Relationship between Intellect,Emotion,and Willing from the Perspective of the Phenomenology of Consciousness

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2020年第3期15卷 493-508页

作者： NI Liangkang Department of Philosophy and of the Research center for Phenomenology and Thoughts of mind-Nature Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

There are at least three foundational relationships between the three conscious acts of intellect,emotion,and *** 2 covers the structural foundational relationship(Brentano and Husserl in his early period):all conscious acts are intentional and can be divided into objectifying(intuition and representation)and non・objectifying acts(emotion and willing).Because a non-objectifying act cannot constitute an object,things must be based on objectifying acts and the object constituted by the latter;in this sense,a non-objectifying act is rooted in an objectifying *** 3 explains the genetic foundational issue with consciousness(Husserl in his later period,Scheier,and Heidegger):the stream of consciousness has its earliest origins and follows a process where it gradually *** earliest origin is the intentional willing,followed by nonintentional feelings,and,finally,the representation and thinking of *** activity taking place afterward must be based on the conscious activity that has come *** 4 points out that,apart from the two aforementioned kinds of foundational relationships(*** and genetic),a third foundational relationship(***)can also be found between the conscious acts of intellect,emotion,and willing in the Consciousness-only school(a Buddhist tradition in the East).In a continuous activity,the foundational relationship between the three aspects of intellect,emotion,and willing always remains encased in dynamic changes,and the change of primary and secondary roles(i.e.a change in the foundational relationship)could happen at any *** this perspective,one can explain and resolve the confrontation and conflicts between the two former foundational relationships.

关键词： "intellect,emotion,and willing "structural foundational relationship genetic foundational relationship dynamic foundational relationship

Cutting the Gordian knot： Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 237-252页

作者： Moira J. VAN STAADEN Adam R. SMITH Department of Biological Sciences and JP Scott center for Neuroscience Mind & Behavior Bowling Green State University OH 43403 USA Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. Research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of Malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resuited in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in Malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally .

关键词： Cichlid Motivation Intraspecific variability Mate preference Multimodal

Binocular fusion in Panum's limiting case of stereopsis obeys the uniqueness constraint

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2001年第1期44卷 40-48页

作者：王志宏吴新年倪睿汪云九 1. Laboratory of Visual Information Processing Institute of Biophysics 100101 Beijing China 2. center for Brain and mind Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

In the information processing procedure of stereo vision, theuniqueness constraint has been used as one of the constraints to solve the "correspondence problem". While the uniqueness constraint is valid in most cases, whether it is still valid in some particular stimulus configuration (such as Panum's limiting case) has been a problem of widespread debate for a long time. To investigate the problem, we adopted the Panum's limiting case as its basic stimulus configuration, and delved into the phenomenon of binocular fusion from two distinct aspects: visual direction and orientation disparity. The results show that in Panum's limiting case binocular fusion does not comply with the rules governing regular binocular fusion as far as visual direction and orientation disparity are concerned. This indicates that double fusion does not happen in Panum's limiting case and that the uniqueness constraint is still valid.

关键词： uniqueness constraint, Panum's limiting case, visual direction, orientation disparity, correspondence problem, psychophysics.

Strategies for translating proteomics discoveries into drug discovery for dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 132-139页

作者： Aditi Halder Eleanor Drummond School of Medical Sciences and Brain&mind center University of SydneyNSWSydneyAustralia Department of Aged Care Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia

Tauopathies,diseases characterized by neuropathological aggregates of tau including Alzheimer's disease and subtypes of fro ntotemporal dementia,make up the vast majority of dementia *** there have been recent developments in tauopathy biomarkers and disease-modifying treatments,ongoing progress is required to ensure these are effective,economical,and accessible for the globally ageing *** such,continued identification of new potential drug targets and biomarkers is critical."Big data"studies,such as proteomics,can generate information on thousands of possible new targets for dementia diagnostics and therapeutics,but currently remain underutilized due to the lack of a clear process by which targets are selected for future drug *** this review,we discuss current tauopathy biomarkers and therapeutics,and highlight areas in need of improvement,particularly when addressing the needs of frail,comorbid and cognitively impaired *** highlight biomarkers which have been developed from proteomic data,and outline possible future directions in this *** propose new criteria by which potential targets in proteomics studies can be objectively ranked as favorable for drug development,and demonstrate its application to our group's recent tau interactome dataset as an example.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease biomarkers drug development drug discovery druggability frontotemporal dementia interactome proteomics tau tauopathies therapeutics

Looking at nerves,seeing the mind:Yu-Chuan Tsang as a modern Chinese physiological psychologist

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Protein & Cell 2021年第11期12卷 825-831页

作者： SHIYING LI WEI CHEN SHENGJUN WEN center for Brain Mindand EducationShaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Department of Cognitive Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076 TübingenGermany

Yu-Chuan Tsang(臧玉洤,1901-1964),styled Botan(伯潭),was an outstanding Chinese physiological psychologist,a comparative neuroscientist,and a neuroanatomist(Fig.1).He was a member of the First Council of the Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences,an executive member of the sec-ond,third,fourth and fifth councils,and the Chairman of the Third *** was one of the founders of neuroanatomy in modem China and the Beijing Medical College(now the Department of Medicine at Peking University).Neu-roanatomy is a discipline that consists of making observa-tions and making ***,there are different interdisciplinary subjects based on neuroscience,including cognitive science,neurobehavioral science,neuroengineer-ing,and ***'s academic career followed an opposite direction,starting from psychology and turning to neuroanatomy,where he made remarkable achievements.

关键词： anatomy turning Chuan

Experimental evolution, behavior and genetics： Associative learning as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 226-241页

作者： Elisabetta VERSACE center for mind/Brain Sciences University of Trento Piazza della Manifattura 1 Rovereto Italy

The evolutionary dynamics of behavioral traits reflect phenotypic and genetic changes. Methodological difficulties in analyzing the genetic dynamics of complex traits have left open questions on the mechanisms that have shaped complex beha- viors and cognitive abilities. A strategy to investigate the change of behavior across generations is to assume that genetic con- straints have a negligible role in evolution （the phenotypic gambit） and focus on the phenotype as a proxy for genetic evolution. Empirical evidence and technologic advances in genomics question the choice of neglecting the genetic underlying the dynamics of behavioral evolution. I first discuss the relevance of genetic factors - e.g. genetic variability, genetic linkage, gene interactions - in shaping evolution, showing the importance of taking genetic factors into account when dealing with evolutionary dynamics. I subsequently describe the recent advancements in genetics and genomics that make the investigation of the ongoing evolutionary process of behavioral traits finally attainable. In particular, by applying genomic resequencing to experimental evolution - a me- thod called Evolve ＆ Resequence - it is possible to monitor at the same time phenotypic and genomie changes in populations exposed to controlled selective pressures. Experimental evolution of associative learning, a well-known trait that promptly re- sponds to selection, is a convenient model to illustrate this approach applied to behavior and cognition. Taking into account the recent achievements of the field, I discuss how to design and conduct an effective Evolve ＆ Resequence study on associative learning in Drosophila. By integrating phenotypic and genomic data in the investigation of evolutionary dynamics, new insights can be gained on longstanding questions such as the modularity of mind and its evolution .

关键词： Experimental evolution Behavior Genomics Evolve and Resequence Learning Drosophila.

Application of virtual reality technology improves the functionality of brain networks in individuals experiencing pain

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 66-68页

作者： Takahiko Nagamine Department of Psychiatric Internal Medicine Sunlight Brain Research CenterHofu 7470066YamaguchiJapan

Medical procedures are inherently invasive and carry the risk of inducing pain to the mind and ***,efforts have been made to alleviate the discomfort associated with invasive medical procedures through the use of virtual reality(VR)*** has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for pain associated with medical procedures,as well as for chronic pain conditions for which no effective treatment has been *** precise mechanism by which the diversion from reality facilitated by VR contributes to the diminution of pain and anxiety has yet to be ***,the provision of positive images through VR-based visual stimulation may enhance the functionality of brain *** salience network is diminished,while the default mode network is ***,the medial prefrontal cortex may establish a stronger connection with the default mode network,which could result in a reduction of pain and *** research into the potential of VR technology to alleviate pain could lead to a reduction in the number of individuals who overdose on painkillers and contribute to positive change in the medical field.

关键词： Virtual reality Pain Anxiety Salience network Default mode network