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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Non-Hermitian Ising model at finite temperature

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第4期75卷 123-130页

作者： Qian Du Kui Cao Su-Peng Kou center for Advanced quantum studies Department of PhysicsBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

As a very simple model,the Ising model plays an important role in statistical *** the paper,with the help of quantum Liouvillian statistical theory,we study the one-dimensional nonHermitian Ising model at finite temperature and give its analytical *** find that the nonHermitian Ising model shows quite different properties from those of its Hermitian *** example,the‘pseudo-phase transition’is explored between the‘topological’phase and the‘nontopological’phase,at which the Liouvillian energy gap is closed rather than the usual energy *** particular,we point out that the one-dimensional non-Hermitian Ising model at finite temperature can be equivalent to an effective anisotropic XY model in the transverse *** work will help people understand quantum statistical properties of non-Hermitian systems at finite temperatures.

关键词： non-Hermitian quantum system Ising model quantum statistical mechanics thermodynamics

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Landau quantization of Dirac fermions in graphene and its multilayers

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第4期12卷 85-121页

作者： Long-Jing Yin Ke-Ke Bai Wen-Xiao Wang Si-Yu Li Yu Zhang Lin He The center for Advanced quantum studies Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

When electrons are confined in a two-dimensional （2D） system, typical quantum-mechanical phenonl- ena such as Landau quantization can be detected. Graphene systems, including the single atomic layer and few-layer stacked crystals, are ideal 2D materials for studying a variety of quantum-mechanical problems. In this article, we review the experimental progress in the unusual Landau quantized behav- iors of Dirac fernlions in monolayer and multilayer graphene by using scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and scanning tulmeling spectroscopy （STS）. Through STS measurement of the strong mag- netic fields, distinct Landau-level spectra and rich level-splitting phenomena are observed in different graphene layers. These unique properties provide an effective method for identifying the number of layers, as well as the stacking orders, and investigating the fllndamentally physical phenomena of graphene. Moreover, in the presence of a strain and charged defects, the Landau quantization of graphene can be significantly modified, leading to unusual spectroscopic and electronic properties.

关键词： Landau quantization graphene STM/STS stacking order strain and defect

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Number-resolved master equation approach to quantum measurement and quantum transport

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第4期11卷 29-55页

作者： Xin-Qi Li center for Advanced quantum studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

In addition to the well-known Landauer-Bfittiker scattering theory and the nonequilibrium Green＇s function technique for mesoscopic transports, an alternative （and very useful） scheme is quantum master equation approach. In this article, we review the particle-number （n）-resolved master equation （n-ME） approach and its systematic applications in quantum measurement and quantum transport problems. The n-ME contains rich dynamical information, allowing efficient study of topics such as shot noise and flfll counting statistics analysis. Moreover, we also review a newly developed master equation approach （and its n-resolved version） under self-consistent Born approximation. The application potential of this new approach is critically examined via its ability to recover the exact results for noninteracting systems under arbitrary voltage and in presence of strong quantum interference, and the challenging non-equilibrium Kondo effect.

关键词： quantum transport quantum measurement master equation approach

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Cachazo-Svrcek-Witten rules for tree-level gluonic amplitudes revisited

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第4期65卷 20-31页

作者： Wen-Jie Zhang Jun-Bao Wu Chuan-Jie Zhu center for joint quantum studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Peng Huanwu center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China College of Mathematics and Physics Science Hunan University of Arts and ScienceChangde 415000China

We provide a new proof of Cachazo-Svrcek-Witten rules for tree-level gluonic *** a key step,we explicitly demonstrate the cancellation of spurious poles originating from the maximally helicity violating vertices in these *** achieve this,we introduce specially-defined two-off-shell-line sub-amplitudes and examine their residues at spurious poles.

关键词： general properties of perturbation theory perturbative calculations dualities in gauge field theories

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Superfluidity of Bose Einstein condensates in ultracold atomic gases

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第5期24卷 56-70页

作者：朱起忠吴飙 International center for quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Collaborative Innovation center of quantum Matter Peking University Wilczek quantum center Zhejiang University of Technology

Liquid helium 4 had been the only bosonic superfluid available in experiments for a long time. This situation was changed in 1995, when a new superfluid was born with the realization of the Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold atomic gases. The liquid helium 4 is strongly interacting and has no spin; there is almost no way to change its parameters, such as interaction strength and density. The new superfluid, Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC）, offers various advantages over liquid helium. On the one hand, BEC is weakly interacting and has spin degrees of freedom. On the other hand, it is convenient to tune almost all the parameters of a BEC, for example, the kinetic energy by spin--orbit coupling, the density by the external potential, and the interaction by Feshbach resonance. Great efforts have been devoted to studying these new aspects, and the results have greatly enriched our understanding of superfluidity. Here we review these developments by focusing on the stability and critical velocity of various superfluids. The BEC systems considered include a uniform superfluid in free space, a superfluid with its density periodically modulated, a superfluid with artificially engineered spinorbit coupling, and a superfluid of pure spin current. Due to the weak interaction, these BEC systems can be well described by the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii theory and their superfluidity, in particular critical velocities, can be examined with the aid of Bogoliubov excitations. Experimental proposals to observe these new aspects of superfluidity are discussed.

关键词： superfluidity Bose-Einstein condensation ultracold atomic gases Gross-Pitaevskii theory

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Direct evidence of high temperature superconductivity in one-unit-cell FeSe films on SrTiO_3 substrate by transport and magnetization measurements

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第11期24卷 15-22页

作者：邢颖王健 International center for quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Collaborative Innovation center of quantum Matter

Zero resistance and Meissner effect are two crucial experimental evidences of superconductivity in determining a new kind of superconductor, which can be detected by transport and diamagnetic measurements. In this paper, we briefly review the main transport and magnetization results on the one unit cell （1-UC） FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 （STO） substrates from our team in recent years, which identify the high temperature superconductivity in 1-UC FeSe films.

关键词： two-dimensional superconductivity one-unit-cell FeSe transport measurement diamagnetic prop-erty

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Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and fluctuation relations for small systems

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第7期23卷 30-40页

作者：曹亮柯谱乔丽颜郑志刚 Department of Physics and the Beijing–Hong Kong–Singapore joint center for Nonlinear and Complex studies Beijing Normal University

In this review, we give a retrospect of the recent progress in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics in small dynamical systems. For systems with only a few number of particles, fluctuations and nonlinearity become sig- nificant and contribute to the nonequilibrium behaviors of the systems, hence the statistical properties and thermodynamics should be carefully studied. We review recent developments of this topic by starting from the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem, and then to the Evans-Searles transient fluctuation theorem, Jarzynski free-energy equality, and the Crooks fluc- tuation relation. We also investigate the nonequilibrium free energy theorem for trajectories involving changes of the heat bath temperature and propose a generalized free-energy relation. It should be noticed that the non-Markovian property of the heat bath may lead to the violation of the free-energy relation.

关键词： free-energy equality fluctuation theorem Markov process detailed balance

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Band structures of strained kagome lattices

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 456-463页

作者：徐露婷杨帆 center for joint quantum studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology Department of PhysicsTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China

Materials with kagome lattices have attracted significant research attention due to their nontrivial features in energy *** theoretically investigate the evolution of electronic band structures of kagome lattices in response to uniaxial strain using both a tight-binding model and an antidot model based on a periodic muffin-tin *** is found that the Dirac points move with applied ***,the flat band of unstrained kagome lattices is found to develop into a highly anisotropic shape under a stretching strain along y direction,forming a partially flat band with a region dispersionless along ky direction while dispersive along kx *** results shed light on the possibility of engineering the electronic band structures of kagome materials by mechanical strain.

关键词： kagome lattice strain band structure engineering

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Narrow Waveguide Based on Ferroelectric Domain Wall

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第8期38卷 121-125页

作者： Gongzheng Chen Jin Lan Tai Min Jiang Xiao Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute for Nanoelectronics Devices and quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China center for joint quantum studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China center for Spintronics and quantum System State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Shanghai Research center for quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China

Ferroelectric materials are spontaneous symmetry breaking systems that are characterized by ordered electric *** to its ferromagnetic counterpart,a ferroelectric domain wall can be regarded as a soft interface separating two different ferroelectric *** we show that two bound state excitations of electric polarization(polar wave),or the vibration and breathing modes,can be hosted and propagate within the ferroelectric domain *** particular,the vibration polar wave has zero frequency gap,thus is constricted deeply inside ferroelectric domain wall,and can even propagate in the presence of local *** ferroelectric domain wall waveguide as demonstrated here offers a new paradigm in developing ferroelectric information processing units.

关键词： polarization waveguide ferroelectric

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