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New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island, China

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 52-61页

作者： Hua ZHU center for integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island, China, remains a fundamental scientific problem. Comparative studies on the biota, geological tectonics, and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene, Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi, and then moved to the southeast to reach its present location. This review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical research. The formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes, phylogeny, and molecular biogeography. This research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e., before the Miocene) can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island, Vietnam, and Guangxi during the Eocene-Oligocene. According to Southeast Asian tectonic theory, in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago), Hainan Island had moved to its present position. The population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 Ma) can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection) between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland, but have exceptional cases. Conclusions have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies, showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period, southwest China and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and flora. However, the fossil group in southeast China(in Maoming, near present-day Hainan Island) in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and flora. This suggests that in the Paleogene, Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam, rather than in its present location. The floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution pattern. This pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during i

关键词： Molecular phylogeny Biogeography Paleobotany Origin of flora and fauna Hainan Island of China

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Unlocking the potential of spatial transcriptomics with custom microfluidic chips

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Bingqi Wu Yuan Gao China National center for Bioinformation Beijing Institute of genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial transcriptomics technique detects RNA sequences (St?hl et al.,2016) and quantifies their expression in the positional context (Ke et al.,2013),which can provide important information such as cell heterogeneity,cell developmental trajectory,differential gene expression between tissue regions or *** date,it is becoming a powerful tool for exploring tumorigenesis (Ren et al.,2023),cerebral neurodevelopment (Shi et al.,2023),embryonic development(Arutyunyan et al.,2023),and other biological ***-dimensional(3D) spatial transcriptome typically requires stacking multiple tissue slices to obtain a 3D atlas (Schott et al.,2024);therefore it prefers a method that meets high throughput,large sample sizes,and affordable cost to cover large regions of the ***,the lack of a single method that meets all of these requirements limits large-scale application of 3D spatial transcriptomics.

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De novo origination of the micropeptide controlling kernel dehydration in maize

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yuanliang Liu Manman Li Mingliang Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Agronomy and Biotechnology National Maize Improvement Center Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University

The mechanization of maize harvest plays a pivotal role in global food security and agricultural productivity. However, in China and many other countries, maize harvesting remains largely unmechanized, with less than ...

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Exploring the role of N-acetyltransferases in diseases:a focus on N-acetyltransferase 9 in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2862-2871页

作者： Prajakta Deshpande Anuradha Venkatakrishnan Chimata Amit Singh Department of Biology University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Premedical Program University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton(TREND) University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA integrative Science and Engineering center University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA center for Genomic Advocacy(TCGA) Indiana State UniversityTerre HauteINUSA

Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and *** acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular *** to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and *** this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in ***,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule *** have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative *** have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A Alzheimer’s disease animal models cell death drosophila eye human disease c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling N-Acetyltransferases N-acetyltransferase 9 neurodegeneration

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Fat poetry: a kingdom for PPARγ

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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 486-511页

作者： Silvia I Anghel Walter Wahli center for integrative genomics National Research Center Frontiers in GeneticsUniversity of LausanneLausanne CH-1015Switzerland

Adipose tissue is not an inert cell mass contributing only to the storage of fat, but a sophisticated ensemble of cel-lular components with highly specialized and complex functions. In addition to managing the most important energyreserve of the body, it secretes a multitude of soluble proteins called adipokines, which have beneficial or, alternatively,deleterious effects on the homeostasis of the whole body. The expression of these adipokines is an integrated responseto various signals received from many organs, which depends heavily on the integrity and physiological status of theadipose tissue. One of the main regulators of gene expression in fat is the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）, which is a fatty acid- and eicosanoid-dependent nuclear receptor that plays key roles inthe development and maintenance of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, synthetic PPARγagonists are therapeutic agentsused in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This review discusses recent knowledge on the link between fat physiology and metabolic diseases, and the roles ofPPARγin this interplay via the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Finally, we assess the putative benefits oftargeting this nuclear receptor with still-to-be-identified highly selective PPARγmodulators.

关键词： adipose tissue energy homeostasis obesity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

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Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against ischemic stroke by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3245-3258页

作者： Jiayi Wang Mengke Zhao Dong Fu Meina Wang Chao Han Zhongyue Lv Liang Wang Jing Liu Stem Cell Clinical Research center The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning ProvinceChina Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine DalianLiaoning ProvinceChina Institute(College)of integrative Medicine Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning ProvinceChina

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived *** lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic ***,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical *** promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic *** found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal *** human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase *** findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling ***,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety ***,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

关键词： behavior exosome extracellular vesicles ischemic stroke mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) middle cerebral artery occlusion neural stem cells neuronal apoptosis phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) protein kinase B(AKT)

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Unraveling brain aging through the lens of oral microbiota

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1930-1943页

作者： Qinchao Hu Si Wang Weiqi Zhang Jing Qu Guang-Hui Liu State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Hospital of Stomatology Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research center for Geriatric Disorders Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Aging Translational Medicine center International Center for Aging and CancerBeijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research CenterXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aging Biomarker Consortium BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine BeijingChina

The oral cavity is a complex physiological community encompassing a wide range of *** of oral microbiota can lead to various oral infectious diseases,such as periodontitis and tooth decay,and even affect systemic health,including brain aging and neurodegenerative *** studies have highlighted how oral microbes might be involved in brain aging and neurodegeneration,indicating potential avenues for intervention *** this review,we summarize clinical evidence demonstrating a link between oral microbes/oral infectious diseases and brain aging/neurodegenerative diseases,and dissect potential mechanisms by which oral microbes contribute to brain aging and *** also highlight advances in therapeutic development grounded in the realm of oral microbes,with the goal of advancing brain health and promoting healthy aging.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease brain aging multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neurodegenerative diseases oral microbiota Parkinson's disease periodontitis bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis

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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Holistic integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

关键词： extrachromosomal DNA cancer therapy tumor heterogeneity drug resistance tumor evolution

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Advances and applications in single-cell and spatial genomics

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Jingjing Wang Fang Ye Haoxi Chai Yujia Jiang Teng Wang Xia Ran Qimin Xia Ziye Xu Yuting Fu Guodong Zhang Hanyu Wu Guoji Guo Hongshan Guo Yijun Ruan Yongcheng Wang Dong Xing Xun Xu Zemin Zhang Beijing Advanced Innovation center for genomics (ICG) Peking University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write BGI Research Bone Marrow Transplantation center of the First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University School of Medicine Life Sciences Institute and The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University BGI Research Biomedical Pioneering Innovation center (BIOPIC) and School of Life Sciences Peking University Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Institute of Hematology Zhejiang University Department of Laboratory Medicine of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University School of Medicine center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine

The applications of single-cell and spatial technologies in recent times have revolutionized the present understanding of cellular states and the cellular heterogeneity inherent in complex biological systems. These advancements offer unprecedented resolution in the examination of the functional genomics of individual cells and their spatial context within tissues. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the historical development and recent progress in the field of single-cell and spatial genomics. We have reviewed the breakthroughs in single-cell multi-omics technologies, spatial genomics methods, and the computational strategies employed toward the analyses of singlecell atlas data. Furthermore, we have highlighted the advances made in constructing cellular atlases and their clinical applications,particularly in the context of disease. Finally, we have discussed the emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.

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Earth's Solid Inner Core: Seismic Implications of Freezing and Melting

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 683-698页

作者： Vernon F Cormier Januka Attanayake Department of Physics University of Connecticut center for integrative Geoscience University of Connecticut center for integrative Geoscience University of Connecticut

Seismic P velocity structure is determined for the upper 500 km of the inner core and lowermost 200 km of the outer core from differential travel times and amplitude ratios. Results confirm the existence of a globally uniform F region of reduced P velocity gradient in the lowermost outer core, consistent with iron enrichment near the boundary of a solidifying inner core. P velocity of the inner core between the longitudes 45~E and 180~E （quasi-Eastern Hemisphere） is greater than or equal to that of an AK135-F reference model whereas that between 180~W and 45~E （quasi-Western Hemisphere） is less than that of the reference model Observation of this heterogeneity to a depth of 550 km below the inner core and the existence of transitions rather than sharp boundaries between quasi-hemispheres favor either no or very slow inner core super rotation or oscillations with respect to the mantle. Degree- one seismic heterogeneity may be best explained by active inner core freezing beneath the equatorial Indian Ocean dominating structure in the quasi-Eastern Hemisphere and inner core melting beneath equatorial Pacific dominating structure in the quasi-Western Hemisphere. Variations in waveforms also suRgest the existence of smaller-scale （1 to 100 km） heterogeneity.

关键词： Earth's inner core seismic structure geodynamo.

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