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Production of Light Fraction-Based Pyrolytic Fuel from Spirulina platensis Microalgae Using Various Low-Cost Natural Catalysts and Insertion

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energy Engineering 2024年第12期121卷 3635-3648页

作者： Indra Mamad Gandidi Sukarni Sukarni Avita Ayu Permanasari Purnami Purnami TuanAmran Tuan Abdullah Anwar Johari Nugroho Agung Pambudi energy Conversion and Conservation Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Technology and Vocational EducationUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia center of energy Research and Application(CERAP) Faculty of Technology and Vocational EducationUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia center for Renewable Fuels Research(CRFR) Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia center of Advanced materials for Renewable energy(CAMRY) Universitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesias Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas BrawijayaMalang65145Indonesia School of Chemical Engineering and energy Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Faculty of Teacher Training and EducationUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

The use of catalysts has significantly enhanced the yield and quality of in-situ pyrolysis ***,there is a lack of understanding regarding pyrolysis approaches that utilize several low-cost natural catalysts(LCC)and their placement within the ***,this study aims to examine the effects of various LCC on the insitu pyrolysis of spirulina platensis microalgae(SPM)and investigate the impact of different types of *** employed LCCsuch as zeolite,dolomite,kaolin,and activated carbon,with both layered and uniformlymixed LCCSPM *** experiment was conducted at a constant temperature of 500℃for 60 *** resulting pyrolytic liquids(bio-oil)and syngas were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analyzer to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon *** experimental results indicated that the presence of catalysts significantly influenced the mass yield productivity of liquid fuels and *** carbon and zeolite were preferred among the four catalysts for producing liquid fuels(22.4 and 18.6 wt%)when layered and uniformly mixed,*** with a layered mixture with SPM was more suitable for the production of light fractions(C_(5)–C_(12)),achieving approximately 95.7%peak area,while zeolite with a uniform mixture produced the highest light fraction at about 86.3%peak *** catalysts except kaolin significantly increased the aromatic compounds in the liquid *** the amount of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the bio-oil remained relatively high,the final hydrocarbon composition was highly comparable to conventional fuels such as gasoline-88,which has a C_(5)–C_(12)hydrocarbon distribution of approximately 88.1%peak *** the syngas products,all catalysts except activated carbon successfully converted nitromethane compounds into tetranitromethane hydrocarbons,with activated carbon predominantly yielding nitromethane compounds.

关键词： Pyrolysis in-situ SPM LCC bio-oil syngas insertion

Ultramicro molybdenum nitride powder prepared using high-energy mechanochemical method

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Rare Metals 2008年第3期27卷 303-307页

作者： AN Geng LIU Gaojie Technical center Jinduicheng Molybdenum Co. Ltd Xi＇an 710075 China School of materials Science and Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China

Using the specially designed mechanochemical ball-mill equipment, ultramicro molybdenum nitride powders were prepared from pure molybdenum powders in ammonia atmosphere at room temperature by high-energy ball milling. The structure and the particle size of the powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the mass ratio of grinding media to powder was 8：1, after milling for 30 h the Mo2N of fcc structure was obtained, and the average particle size of the powders was around 100 nm. It is found that the chemisorption of ammonia onto the fresh molybdenum surfaces created by milling was the predominant process during solid-gas reaction, and the energy input due to introduction of highly dense grain boundaries and lattice defects offered the activation energy for the transition from Mo-N chemisorption to molybdenum nitride. In addition, the change of Mo electronic undersaturation induced by the grain refining accelerated the bonding between Mo and N. The mechanism model of whole nitriding reaction was given, During the high-energy ball milling processing, the rotational speed of milling played a critical role in determining the overall reaction speed.

关键词： material preparation molybdenum nitride mechanochemical method ultramicro powder

Ni segregation and thermal stability of reversed austenite in a Fe–Ni alloy processed by QLT heat treatment

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Rare Metals 2015年第11期34卷 776-782页

作者： Tao Pan Jing Zhu Hang Su Cai-Fu Yang Division of Structural materials Central Iron and Steel Research Institute School of materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to investigate Ni segregation and thermal stability of reversed austenite(RA) in a Fe–Ni alloy processed by quench–lamellarize–temper(QLT) heat treatment. The results show that the 77 K impact energy of the alloy increases with RA content increasing. As an austenite-stabilizing element, Ni is found to segregate in RA, though Ni is not evenly distributed within RA. The amount of segregations increases near the boundary(twice as high as the balanced content)and decreases to some extent in the center of the RA regions. Ni concentration in matrix near the boundary is lower than that in matrix far from the boundary because of Ni atom transportation from a to c near the boundary. RA in this alloy has high heat and mechanical stability but is likely to lose its stability and transform to martensite when a mechanical load is applied at ultralow temperatures(77 K), which induces plasticity.

关键词： Reversed austenite Quench–lamellarize–temper Compo

In-situ fabrication of Mo6S6-nanowire-terminated edges in monolayer molybdenum disulfide

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Nano Research 2018年第11期11卷 5849-5857页

作者： Wei Huang Xiaowei Wang Xujing Ji Ze Zhang Chuanhong Jin State Key Laboratory of Silicon materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Edge structures are highly relevant to the electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their one-dimensional (1D) counterparts, i.e., nanoribbons, and should be precisely tailored for the desired application. In this work, we report the formation of novel Mo6S6 nanowire (NW)-terminated edges in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via an e-beam irradiation process combined with high temperature heating. The atomic structures of the NW-terminated edges and the dynamic formation process were observed experimentally using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Further analysis showed that the NW-terminated edge could be formed on both the Mo-zigzag (ZZ) edge and S-ZZ edge and could exhibit a stability superior to that of the pristine ZZ and armchair (AC) edges. In addition, analogous edge structures could also be formed in MoS2 nanoribbons and other TMD materials such as MoxW1-xSe2. We believe that these novel edge structures may impart novel properties to the 2D and 1D TMD materials and provide new opportunities for their applications in catalytic, spintronic, and electronic devices.

关键词： mdybdenum disulfide (MoS2) transition metal dichalcogenides nanowire edge structure in-situ

Solution processed nano-ZnMgO interfacial layer for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2019年第1期28卷 107-110页

作者： Ze Wang Yingdong Xia Lingfeng Chao Yufeng Pan Meijin Li Renzhi Li Bin Du Yonghua Chen Wei Huang Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing Tech University (NJTECH) Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Interfacial layer has a significant impact on the achievement of highly efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Here, we introduced a nano-ZnMgO(magnesium doped ZnO, abbreviated as ZnMgO) as interfacial layer between [6, 6]-Phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61) BM) layer and Al electrode to replace LiF or ZnO interlayer and enhance device performance. The device efficiency has been improved from 11.43% to 15.61% and the hysteresis was decreased dramatically. Such huge enhancement of power convert efficiency(PCE) can be attributed to the low dark current density, enhancement of electron-selective contact, and low energy barrier at the PC_(61) BM/Al interface. We suggest that this simple nano-scale interlayer can provide an efficient charge transport and extraction for highly efficient PSCs.

关键词： Nano-ZnMgO Interfacial layer high efficiency Perovskite solar cells

Variable precipitation behaviors of Laves phases in an ultralight Mg-Li-Zn alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第6期11卷 2018-2026页

作者： Weixin Lou Hongbo Xie Xiaobo Zhao Junyuan Bai Hehang Zhang Yi Wang Xinze Li Hucheng Pan Yuping Ren Gaowu Qin Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Research center for Metal Wires Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Precipitation habits plays a decisive role in strengthening materials,especially for Mg alloys the non-basal plane precipitation is necessary but very ***,the precipitates would nucleate and grow up in a specific habit plane owing to the constraint of free-energy minimization of the ***,in an aged ultralight Mg-Li-Zn alloy,we confirmed that the precipitates dominated by C15 Laves structure could form in a variety of habit planes,to generate three forms of strengthening-phases,i.e.,precipitate-rod,precipitate-lath,and *** which,the precipitate-plates are on basal plane as usually but precipitate-rods/laths are on non-basal plane,and such non-basal precipitates would transform into the basal(Mg,Li)Zn_(2)Laves structure with prolonged *** findings are interesting to understand the precipitation behaviors of multi-domain Laves structures in hexagonal close-packed crystals,and expected to provide a guidance for designing ultralight high-strength Mg-Li based alloys via precipitation hardening on the non-basal planes.

关键词： Laves phase Precipitation Habit plane Orientation Magnesium alloys

Photorheologically reversible micelle composed of polymerizable cationic surfactant and 4-phenylazo benzoic acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 289-292页

作者： Jie Chen Bo Fang Hao Jin Licheng Yu Meng Tian Kejing Li Leiping Jin Mo Yang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase materials Chemical Engineering Lab of Chemical Engineering RheologyResearch Center of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology

A photorheologically reversible micelle composed of polymerizable cationic surfactant n-cetyl dimethylallyl am- monium chloride （CDAAC） and trans-4-phenylazo benzoic acid （trans-ACA） was prepared. The effects of molar ratio of CDAAC/trans-ACA, time of UV and visible light irradiation and temperature on the rheological properties of micellar system were investigated. The results show that before UV irradiation the system with an optimum CDAAC/trans-ACA molar ratio of 1.4 forms viscoelastic micelles at 45 ℃. After 365 nm UV irradiation, the viscos- ities of micelle systems with different concentrations at fixed molar ratio of 1.4 are decreased by 85%-95%. The CDAAC/trans-ACA （14 mmol. L- 1/10 mmol. L- 1 ） micelle system exhibits shear thinning property and its viscos- ity is decreased obviously with the increases of UV irradiation time less than I h. The rheological process during LIV irradiation for CDAAC/trans-ACA （14 mmol- L- 1/10 mmol. L 1） micelle proves that viscosity, elastic modulus G＇ and viscous modulus G＂ will reduce quickly with the UV light. Furthermore, the micelle system after 1 h UV- irradiation is able to revert to its initial high viscosity with 460 nm visible light irradiation for 4 h, and the micelle can be cycled between low and high viscosity states by repetitive UV and visible light irradiations. The LIV-Vis spectra of CDAAC/trans-ACA micelle indicate that its photosensitive theological properties are related closely to photoisomerization of trans-ACA to c/s-ACA.

关键词： Photorheological micelle Polymerizable cationic surfactant4-Phenylazo benzoic acid Rheological properties

Effect of Post-Annealing on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO:In Films

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第4期36卷 79-82页

作者： Guo-Ping Qin Hong Zhang Hai-Bo Ruan Jiang Wang Dong Wang Chun-Yang Kong College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Chongqing Normal University College of Physics Chongqing University Research center for materials Interdisciplinary Sciences Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences

Indium-doped ZnO(ZnO:In) films are deposited on quartz substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The effects of post-annealing on structural, electrical, optical and Raman properties are investigated by x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering, Hall measurement and first-principles calculation. The results indicate that all of the ZnO:In films have excellent crystallinity with a preferred ZnO(002) orientation. It is found that the incorporation of In can dramatically increase the intensity of the 274 cm^(-1) Raman mode. However, both post-annealing treatment and increasing O_2 partial pressure in the process of preparing thin films can reduce the intensity of the 274 cm^(-1) mode or even eliminate it, and relax compressive stress of the ZnO:In film judged by analyzing the shifts of the(002) Bragg peaks and E_2(high) mode. Finally, the origin of the 274 cm^(-1) mode is inferred to be the vibration of Zn interstitial(Zni) defects, which play a crucial role in the high electron concentration and low resistivity of ZnO:In films annealed in an appropriate temperature range(450–600℃).

关键词： structural Hall measurement temperature

Estimation of monthly global solar radiation over twelve major cities of Libya

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energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 46-57页

作者： Alhassan Ali Teyabeen Najeya B.Elhatmi Akram A.Essnid F.Mohamed Libyan center for Solar energy Research and Studies TripoliLibya Libyan Authority of Scientific Research TripoliLibya

This study aims to estimate monthly averaged daily horizontal global solar *** climatological data collected at twelve major cities located across Libya’s map were used to establish 7 different empirical *** empirical coefficients of the models were calculated using the least square *** accuracy of the models was evaluated using different statistical criteria such as Taylor diagram,mean absolute percentage error,MAPE,and root mean square error,*** results indicated that the sunshine duration-based models are more accurate than air temperature-based models,and the best performance was obtained by the quadratic regression model for all twelve Libyan ***,this regression model can be used for the prediction of monthly mean horizontal global solar radiation at a specific site across Libya’s regions with minimum ***,the results of the global solar irradiance produced by this method can be used for designing solar systems applications.

关键词： Monthly global solar radiation Clearness index Empirical models Performance evaluation Taylor diagram Libya