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Determinants of infant behavior and growth in breastfed late preterm and early term infants:a secondary data analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 983-991页

作者： Xinzhuo Zhang Jinyue Yu Zhuang Wei Mary Fewtrell Division of Medicine University College LondonLondonUK Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Child healthcare Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina

Background Late preterm and early term infants are at increased risk of poor growth,behavioral problems,and developmental *** study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal and infant characteristics,feeding practices,and breastmilk composition on infant behavior following late preterm and early term delivery,and to evaluate the association between infant behavior and *** Data from 52 Chinese mothers and their late preterm/early term infants participating in the Breastfeed a Better Youngster study were *** and infant characteristics were collected using questionnaires at 1 week *** macronutrient content was measured using a human milk analyzer,and infant behavior was assessed using a 3-day infant behavior diary at 8 weeks *** practices were collected at both time points using *** models were used to assess associations between potential predictors and infant behavior and between infant behavior and *** Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with greater sleep duration(P=0.02)and shorter crying duration(P=0.01).Mothers with a vocational education reported greater distress duration(P=0.006).Greater colic duration was associated with higher maternal annual income(P=0.004).There was no significant association between infant behavior and growth(all P>0.05).Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding might promote more favorable infant behaviors in late preterm/early term infants,while the development of infant distress behaviors was associated with some maternal characteristics(maternal education and annual income).However,due to the limitations of diary methods,determinants of infant behavior should ideally be assessed using more objective measures in larger samples.

关键词： Breastfeeding Growth and development Infant behavior Premature infant

Amorphous BaTiO_(3) Electron Transport Layer for Thermal Equilibrium-Governed γ-CsPbl_(3) Perovskite Solar Cell with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 19.96%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 291-302页

作者： Changhyun Lee Chanyong Lee Kyungjin Chae Taemin Kim Seaeun Park Yohan Ko Yongseok Jun Department of Energy Environment policy and Technology Graduate School of Energy and Environment(KU-KIST Green School)Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Nano Electronic Materials and Components research center Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute(GERI)Gumi 39171Republic of Korea Energy Materials research center Clean Energy Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites,the cesium-based allinorganic lead halide perovskite(CsPbI_(3))is a promising light absorber for perovskite solar cells owing to its higher resistance to thermal ***,additional research is required to reduce the nonradiative recombination to realize the full potential of CsPbI_(3).Here,the diffusion of Cs ions participating in ion exchange is proposed to be an important factor responsible for the bulk defects inγ-CsPbI_(3)*** based on first-principles density functional theory reveal that the[PbI_(6)]^(4-)octahedral tilt modifies the perovskite crystallographic properties inγ-CsPbI_(3),leading to alterations in its bandgap and crystal *** addition,by substituting amorphous barium titanium oxide(a-BaTiO_(3))for TiO_(2)as the electron transport layer,interfacial defects caused by imperfect energy levels between the electron transport layer and perovskite are ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy demonstrate that a-BaTiO_(3)forms entirely as a single phase,as opposed to Ba-doped TiO_(2)hybrid nanoclusters or separate domains of TiO_(2)and BaTiO_(3)***,inorganic perovskite solar cells based on the a-BaTiO_(3)electron transport layer achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.96%.

关键词： amorphous BaTiO_(3) electron transport layer moisture γ-CsPbI_(3)

Network analysis of Iranian’s health insurance ecosystem before and after the introduction of Universal Health Insurance law

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Global Health research and policy 2023年第1期8卷 379-391页

作者： Rohaneh Rahimisadegh Somayeh Noori Hekmat Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani Mohammad Jafari Sirizi Health Services Management research center Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Health Foresight and innovation research center Institute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Department of Health Management Policy and EconomicsFaculty of Management and Medical Information SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran National center for Health Insurance research TehranIran

Introduction The policy-making process in health reform is challenging due to the complexity of organizations,overlapping roles,and diversity of *** present study aims to investigate and analyze the network of actors in the Iran health insurance ecosystem regarding the laws before and after the adoption of the Universal Health Insurance(UHI).Methods The present study was done by sequential exploratory mixed method research,consisting of two distinct *** the qualitative phase,the actors and issues pertaining to the laws of the Iranian health insurance ecosystem from 1971 to 2021 were identified through a systematic search of the laws and regulations section of the research center of the Islamic Legislative Assembly *** data was analyzed in three steps using directed content *** the quantitative phase,in order to draw the communication network of the actors in Iran’s health insurance ecosystem,the data related to the nodes and links of the networks was *** communication networks were drawn using Gephi software and the micro-and macro-indicators of network were calculated and *** There were 245 laws and 510 articles identified in the field of health insurance in Iran from 1971 to *** of the legal comments were on financial matters and credit allocation,and the payment of *** number of actors before and after the enactment of the UHI Law was 33 and 137,*** Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Iran Health Insurance Organization were found the two main actors in the network before and after the approval of this *** Adopting a UHI Law and delegating various legal missions and tasks,often with support to the health insurance organization,have facilitated the achievement of the law ***,it has created a poor governance system and a network of actors with low *** on the results of the study,it is suggested to reduce actor

关键词： Health insurance Ecosystem Actors Network analysis Universal health insurance law Iran

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Surface Characteristics in the Badain Jaran, Tengger, and Ulan Buh Deserts of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 151-165页

作者： LIU Qingsheng LIU Gaohuan HUANG Chong LI He State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu center for Collaborative innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application

Deserts and sandy land in northern China are very susceptible to sandy desertification and are the main source of sand-dust storms of Asian dust. However, because of the complex factors involved, descriptions of the relationship between sandy desertification and surface characteristics in these regions are lacking. We monitored the surface characteristics and their changes in time using information about soil, vegetation, and landforms in the Badain Jaran Desert(BJD), Tengger Desert(TD), and Ulan Buh Desert(UBD) in the northern China. The monitoring was done using tasseled cap angle(TCA), disturbance index(DI), and topsoil grain size index(TGSI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) images combined with a decision tree classification. Results showed that the TD had higher topsoil fine sand content, and the ratio of non-vegetated to vegetated areas was similar with that in the UBD. Northeast-southwest coarse sand dunes with thin interdune(NECTI) dominated the BD, fine sand dunes(FSD) dominated the TD, and a combination of northeast-southwest coarse sand dunes with wide interdune(NECWI) and northwest-southeast coarse sand dunes with wide interdune(NWCWI) dominated the UBD. From 2000 to 2015, in the BJD the area of the NECTI, non-sand dune(Non) and potential sand sources(PSS) increased, whereas the area of the NECWI, FSD and NWCWI decreased, indicating a improve process in the BJD. In the TD, the area covered by Non increased, whereas the area covered by PSS, NECWI, NECTI, FSD, and NWCWI decreased from 2000 to 2015. The area covered by the various surface characteristic types fluctuated annually in the UBD from 2000 to 2015. Changes in surface characteristics reflect the combined effects of natural conditions and human activity. The findings of our study will assist scientists and policy makers in proposing different management techniques to combat sandy desertification for the different surface characteristics of these regions.

关键词： surface characteristics MODIS desert tasseled cap angle disturbance index topsoil grain size index

Dynamic evolution and trend prediction of multi-scale green innovation in China

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第3期4卷 222-231页

作者： Xiaohua Xin Lachang Lyu Yanan Zhao College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing Urban innovation and Development research center Beijing 100048China

Numerous studies deal with spatial analysis of green innovation(GI).However,researchers have paid limited attention to analyzing the multi-scale evolution patterns and predicting trends of GI in *** paper seeks to address this research gap by examining the multi-scale distribution and evolutionary characteristics of GI activities based on the data from 337 cities in China during *** used scale variance and the two-stage nested Theil decomposition method to examine the spatial distribution and inequalities of GI in China at multiple scales,including regional,provincial,and ***,we utilized the Markov chain and spatial Markov chain to explore the dynamic evolution of GI in China and predict its long-term *** findings indicate that GI in China has a multi-scale effect and is highly sensitive to changes in spatial scale,with significant spatial differences of GI decreasing in each ***,the spatiotemporal evolution of GI is influenced by both geospatial patterns and spatial scales,exhibiting the“club convergence”effect and a tendency to transfer to higher levels of *** effect is more pronounced on a larger scale,but it is increasingly challenging to transfer to higher *** study also indicates a steady and sustained growth of GI in China,which concentrates on higher levels over *** results contribute to a more precise understanding of the scale at which GI develops and provide a scientific basis and policy suggestions for optimizing the spatial structure of GI and promoting its development in China.

关键词： Green innovation Spatial pattern Trend prediction Multi-scale China

RE-CONSTRUCTING THE COMFORT ZONE

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第4期4卷 134-147页

作者： Svenja Désirée Jaffari center for Participatory innovation research(SPIRE) Mads Clausen Institute University of Southern DenmarkAlsion 2DK-6400 Sønderborg

This paper deals critically with the way people’s“comfort zone”is conceptualized within the indoor climate *** draws attention to the emergence of international building guidelines and standards which engineers and architects use when designing a building,that describe the“comfort zone”as a narrow,optimal,steady state of“neutrality”of the human body with its immediate,physical *** from different fi elds have been recently suggesting that this conceptualization is unsustainable and based on false assumptions about the relationship and interaction between people and their *** order to reconcile sustainability with the built environment’s demand for comfort,the practitioners of sustainable architecture and design as well as policy-makers may greatly benefi t from understanding people’s current social practices,values and visions with regard to comfort;to enable people’s acknowledgement and ability to adapt to sustainable,new ways of operating and managing one’s indoor environment,it may be of advantage to be able to account for the socially accepted,everyday(non-)sustainable actions relating to one’s comfort which can be,in some cases,rigorous and resistant to *** paper outlines a case where researchers have empirically studied the building inhabitant’s own judgments and values and his actual experience with regard to comfort in everyday *** parallel qualitative and quantitative data within the user’s context,in this case the building inhabitant’s context,were collected while researchers took the role of the observer-as-participant and followed Danish families how they practice“comfort”during an ordinary day at home,work and *** the data,an interpretation about the above phenomenon is illustrated in detail showing how situational,temporal and idiosyncratic“ordinary”people’s values and decision making relating to their personal management of the indoor environment are,and the relevance for sustainable building des

关键词： adaptive opportunities comfort zone everyday life indoor climate qualitative data

Distinguishing normal brain aging from the development of Alzheimer＇s disease：inflammation,insulin signaling and cognition

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Neural Regeneration research 2018年第10期13卷 1719-1730页

作者： Paul Denver Paula L.McClean Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs healthcare System West Los Angeles Medical Center and Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of UlsterColeraine Northern Ireland UK Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine ClinicalTranslational and Research Innovation Centre (C-TRIC)University of UlsterDerry/Londonderry Northern Ireland UK

As populations age, prevalence of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is rising. Over 100 years of research has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, for which age is the principal risk factor. However, in recent years, a multitude of clinical trial failures has led to pharmaceutical corporations becoming more and more unwilling to support drug development in AD. It is possible that dependence on the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a guide for preclinical research and drug discovery is part of the problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid plaques and tau tangles are evident in non-demented individuals and that reducing or clearing these lesions does not always result in clinical improvement. Normal aging is associated with pathologies and cognitive decline that are similar to those observed in AD, making differentiation of AD-related cognitive decline and neuropathology challenging. In this mini-review, we discuss the difficulties with discerning normal, age-related cognitive decline with that related to AD. We also discuss some neuropathological features of AD and aging, including amyloid and tau pathology, synapse loss, inflammation and insulin signaling in the brain, with a view to highlighting cognitive or neuropathological markers that distinguish AD from normal aging. It is hoped that this review will help to bolster future preclinical research and support the development of clinical tools and therapeutics for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease aging inflammation cognitive function spatial learning insulin signaling synapses cytokines

Cancer incidence,mortality,and burden in China:a time-trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020

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Cancer Communications 2021年第10期41卷 1037-1048页

作者： Haibo Qiu Sumei Cao Ruihua Xu Department of Gastric Surgery State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Cancer Prevention research center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China Department of Medical Oncology StateKey Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdong 510060P.R.China

Background:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a main economic burden in *** the differences in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries could provide reference for policy planning and contribute to improving cancer control *** this study,we reviewed the rates and trends of cancer incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)burden in China,and compared them with those in the United States(US)and the United Kingdom(UK).Methods:Cancer incidence,mortality,and DALY data for China,US and UK were obtained fromtheGLOBOCAN2020 online database,Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019 study,and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database(CI5 plus).Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in China,US,and UK were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models to calculate annual percent changes(APCs)and identify the best-fitting ***:An estimated 4,568,754 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 3,002,899 cancer deaths occurred in China in ***,cancers resulted in 67,340,309 DALYs in *** to the US and UK,China had lower cancer incidence but higher cancer mortality andDALY ***,the cancer spectrum of China was changing,with a rapid increase incidence and burden of lung,breast,colorectal,and prostate cancer in addition to a high incidence and heavy burden of liver,stomach,esophageal,and cervical ***:The cancer spectrum of China is changing from a developing country to a developed *** aging and increase of unhealthy lifestyles would continue to increase the cancer burden of ***,the Chinese authorities should adjust the national cancer control program with reference to the practices of cancer control which have been well-established in the developed countries,and taking consideration of the diversity of cancer types by of different regions in China at the same time.

关键词： cancer pattern incidence mortality disability-adjusted life year trend risk factor GLOBOCAN 2020 China United States United Kingdom

Understanding systemic risk induced by climate change

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Advances in Climate Change research 2021年第3期12卷 384-394页

作者： LI Hui-Min WANG Xue-Chun ZHAO Xiao-Fan QI Ye Beijing Climate Change Response research and Education center Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing100044China School of Public policy and Management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Division of Public policy The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Institute for Public policy The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina

The systemic risk induced by climate change represents one of the most prominent threats facing humanity and has attracted increasing attention since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of *** existing literature highlights the importance of systemic risk induced by climate change,but there are still deficiencies in understanding its dynamics and assessing the *** to bridge this gap,this study develops a theoretical framework and employs two cases to illustrate the concept,origin,occurrence,propagation,evolution,and assessment framework of systemic risk induced by climate *** key findings include:1)systemic risk induced by climate change derives from the rapid growth of greenhouse gas,emissions,increasingly complex connections among different socioeconomic systems,and continuous changes in exposure and vulnerability;2)systemic risk induced by climate change is a holistic risk generated by the interconnection,interaction,and dynamic evolution of different types of single risks,and its fundamental,defining feature is cascading *** extent of risk propagation and its duration depend on the characteristics of the various discrete risks that are connected to make up the systemic risk;3)impact domains,severity of impact,and probability of occurrences are three core indicators in systemic risk assessment,and the impact domains should include the economy,society,homeland security,human health,and living *** propose to deepen systemic risk research from three aspects:to develop theories to understand the mechanism of systemic risk;to conduct empirical research to assess future risks;and to develop countermeasures to mitigate the risk.

关键词： Systemic risk Climate change Disaster Risk assessment