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Formation mechanism of deep natural hydrogen in the Sichuan Basin

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiaomei WANG Kun HE Chunlong YANG Hao XIE Xiaobo WANG Yitong LYU Linfeng XIE Shuichang ZHANG research Institute of Petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation International center for Isotope Effects research School of Earth Science and Engineering Nanjing University

As a potential renewable and clean energy source,the distribution and exploration prospects of natural hydrogen have garnered widespread ***,the limitations in understanding the formation mechanisms and accumulation patterns of underground natural hydrogen have significantly constrained its efficient exploration and *** study reports H2content and isotopes in natural gas from deep formations in sedimentary basins through geochemical analysis of 58 conventional gas samples from the Sinian to Triassic strata in the central Sichuan *** discovered that H2content in deep natural gas in central Sichuan generally exceeds 0.1%,with a maximum of 1.6%,and hydrogen isotopes (δ2HH2) range from-850‰to-586‰.Analysis of the geological conditions,hydrogen generation mechanisms,and isotope fractionation characteristics in the study area confirms that microbial fermentation or in-situ organic matter cracking are not effective pathways for deep *** with helium content and isotope analysis of the natural gas,it is inferred that the volcanic basement in the central Sichuan area is the potential source rock for natural H2in the Sinian to Triassic ***,H2originates from the radiolysis of water and hydrothermal reactions of Fe（II） in the basement ***,a diffusion fractionation model reveals significant isotope fractionation during the migration and accumulation of deep H2into sedimentary reservoirs,which lead to anomalously light δ2HH2in deep natural gas in central *** indicates that the underground natural hydrogen accumulation is in a long-term dynamic process,with simultaneous H2accumulation and dissipation in the gas *** research not only elucidates the formation mechanism of deep H2but also provides insights for the resource potential of natural hydrogen in sedimentary basins.

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Identifying the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complex precatalysts during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 226-233页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Danyang Wu Linke Cai Youluan Lu Fanpeng Cheng Lijuan Shi Qun Yi Yao Liu Yi Huang Key Laboratory of Green Chemical engineering Process of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University College of Materials Science and engineering Fuzhou University

Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process. However, most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer, leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism. Herein, we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER. The hollow phytic acid（PA） cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability, in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction. A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co（Fe）(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co（Fe）OOH. The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a long-term *** experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity. The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction

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Calibration of the Solar X-ray Detector on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B for Soft X-ray Detection

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 11-26页

作者： Man-Hei NG Xiaoping ZHANG Jianwu CHEN Yongqiang SHI Fuchang ZUO Wenxi PENG Weichun FU Liansheng LI Pengwei LUO Chi-Long TANG Guozheng ZHANG Zhiwu MEI Li WANG Cunhui LI Jiaming OU Yanyan XU State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Laboratory Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of Physics

The Solar X-ray Detector(SXD) on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B) was successfully launched via the Chinese Long March-2C rocket on 21 May 2023, and commenced operations in early June of the same year. The MSS-1B/Soft X-ray Detection Units(SXDUs) employ two silicon drift detectors(SDDs), providing a wide range of energy spectra spanning from 0.7 to 24 keV. Notably, the SXDUs deliver a high-resolution capability of 0.14 keV@5.9 keV and operate with a time cadence of 1 second. Here, we perform thorough calibrations of the MSS-1B/SXDUs, employing a combination of ground experiments and simulations. In addition, quantitative analysis comparing the flux measurements obtained by the MSS-1B/SXDUs to the data collected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES), provides compelling evidence of their consistency. Furthermore, the preliminary spectral analysis results showcase the robustness and expected performance of the MSS-1B/SXDUs, unlocking their potential for facilitating the study of dynamic evolution of solar flares. Moreover, the innovative MSS-1B/Solar X-ray Detector facilitates concurrent observations of solar soft and hard X-rays, thereby making valuable contributions to the advancements in solar research.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1B (MSS-1B) Calibration Solar X-Ray Detector Spectrometer Soft X-rays Solar flares Solar abundances

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Natural and human-induced decline and spatio-temporal differentiation of terrestrial water storage over the Lancang-Mekong River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期35卷 112-138页

作者： CHEN Junxu WANG Yuan ZHAO Zhifang FAN Yunjiang LUO Xiaochuan YI Lu FENG Siqi YANG Liang Emlyn Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green development Yunnan University International Joint research center for Karstology Yunnan University School of engineering Westlake University Department of Geography Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)

Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB), the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified. This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA) and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020. Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities, the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC) were separated. Results showed that:(1) LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2) TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB. TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China. It negatively changed in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia.(3) TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture, groundwater and precipitation.(4) Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5) Climate variability contributed 79% of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21% with an increasing impact after 2008. The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.

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Multiphysics simulation and optimization of the in-situ beneficiation process of ilmenite minerals from lunar regolith

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 195-207页

作者： Peng ZHANG Xin LIU Guanghui LIU Wei DAI Hanzhe YANG Haibo ZHENG Zhi WANG Ran NIU Yifan BAI Yang ZHANG Chengbao LIU Ge YANG Junwei YANG Guang ZHANG Technology and engineering center for Space Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Hegong Simulation Co. Ltd

The exploration and utilization of lunar resources have become the major objectives of future lunar exploration missions. The classified collection and processing of lunar minerals is the basic prerequisite for the in-situ exploration and utilization of lunar resources. In this study, we propose a scheme for in-situ separation of magnetic minerals from lunar soils using the dry magnetic separation method. The scheme can realize the purpose of separating magnetic minerals from lunar regolith by altering the motion trajectory of lunar regolith particles with different magnetic properties. Detailed modeling of the dry magnetic separation device is conducted, and the three-dimensional distribution of magnetic parameters is calculated and analyzed. Based on the characterization and analysis of the Chang E-5's samples, the morphologies and physical parameters of lunar regolith particles are modeled and simulated. A discrete element simulation of the motion process of lunar regolith particles under multi-physical field conditions is performed, and the influences of key parameters on the beneficiation performance of lunar magnetic minerals are investigated. Our results indicate that optimal separation and beneficiation of lunar regolith particles can be achieved under specific conditions of magnetic field strength and drum speed. Additionally, we analyze the effects of lunar weak gravity conditions and the charged nature of lunar particles on the beneficiation process, showing that these factors can obviously enhance the beneficiation process of lunar ilmenites. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the dry magnetic separation method for the beneficiation of magnetic minerals from lunar regolith, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific tasks of collecting, processing, and utilizing lunar mineral resources.

关键词： Lunar regolith In-situ resource utilization Magnetic separation Classified sampling

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Overview of in-situ oxygen production technologies for lunar resources

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 233-255页

作者： Youpeng Xu Sheng Pang Liangwei Cong Guoyu Qian Dong Wang Laishi Li Yusheng Wu Zhi Wang College of Materials Science and engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and engineering National Engineering Research Center for Green Recycling of Strategic Metal ResourcesInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The rich resources and unique environment of the Moon make it an ideal location for human expansion and the utilization of extraterrestrial ***,crucial for supporting human life on the Moon,can be extracted from lunar regolith,which is highly rich in oxygen and contains polymetallic *** oxygen and metal extraction can be achieved using existing metallurgical ***,the ample reserves of water ice on the Moon offer another means for oxygen *** paper offers a detailed overview of the leading technologies for achieving oxygen production on the Moon,drawing from an analysis of lunar resources and environmental *** delves into the principles,processes,advantages,and drawbacks of water-ice electrolysis,two-step oxygen production from lunar regolith,and one-step oxygen production from lunar *** two-step methods involve hydrogen reduction,carbothermal reduction,and hydrometallurgy,while the one-step methods encompass fluorination/chlorination,high-temperature decomposition,molten salt electrolysis,and molten regolith electrolysis(MOE).Following a thorough comparison of raw materials,equipment,technology,and economic viability,MOE is identified as the most promising approach for future in-situ oxygen production on the *** the corrosion characteristics of molten lunar regolith at high temperatures,along with the Moon's low-gravity environment,the development of inexpensive and stable inert anodes and electrolysis devices that can easily collect oxygen is critical for promoting MOE technology on the *** review significantly contributes to our understanding of in-situ oxygen production technologies on the Moon and supports upcoming lunar exploration initiatives.

关键词： lunar resources in-situ oxygen production space metallurgy molten lunar regolith electrolysis

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Exosomes:the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1221-1235页

作者： Wenjing Yin Hongyin Ma Yang Qu Jiaxin Ren Yingying Sun Zhen-Ni Guo Yi Yang Stroke center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Neuroscience research center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this *** are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological *** have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain *** physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic *** rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages *** in technology have also driven clinical translational research on *** this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction ***,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified *** optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic ***,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

关键词： blood–brain barrier electroacupuncture engineering exercise exosomes ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells microglia neuroprotection stents

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Transient chemical-mediated epigenetic modulation confers unrestricted lineage potential on human primed pluripotent stem cells

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Shi Chen Yuanyuan He Lejun Lv Bei Liu Cheng Li Hongkui Deng Jun Xu Department of Cell Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Stem Cell Research Center Peking University Health Science Center Peking University Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University BeiCell Therapeutics School of Life Sciences Center for Bioinformatics Center for Statistical Science Peking University MOE engineering research center of Regenerative Medicine School of Basic Medical Sciences State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Health Science Center and the MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation College of Life Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University

Human primed pluripotent stem cells are capable of generating all the embryonic ***,their extraembryonic trophectoderm potentials are *** remains unclear how to expand their developmental potential to trophectoderm *** we show that transient treatment with a cocktail of small molecule epigenetic modulators imparts trophectoderm lineage potentials to human primed pluripotent stem cells while preserving their embryonic *** chemically treated cells can generate trophectoderm-like cells and downstream trophoblast stem cells,diverging into syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast *** and CUT&Tag analyses reveal that these induced cells share transcriptional profiles with in vivo trophectoderm and cytotrophoblast,and exhibit reduced H3K27me3 modification at gene loci specific to trophoblast lineages compared with primed pluripotent *** exploration highlighted the critical roles of epigenetic modulators HDAC2,EZH1/2,and KDM5s in the activation of trophoblast lineage *** findings demonstrate that transient epigenetic resetting activates unrestricted lineage potential in human primed pluripotent stem cells,and offer new mechanistic insights into human trophoblast lineage specification and in vitro models for studying placental development and related disorders.

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Influence of formation in-situ stress on mechanical heterogeneity of shale through grid nanoindentation

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 211-219页

作者： Mao Sheng Shi-Zhong Cheng Zhao-Hui Lu Ye Zhang Shou-Ceng Tian Gen-Sheng Li College of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum-Beijing102249PR China National and Local Joint engineering research center of Shale Gas exploration and development Chongqing401120PR China

Mechanical heterogeneity is a major characteristic of the organic-rich *** relation between mechanical heterogeneity and formation in-situ stress has been seldomly addressed but important to understand hydraulic fracture propagation,wellbore stability,and hydrocarbon *** this paper,the grid nanoindentation technique was used to characterize the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of Longmaxi organic-rich shales from various burial depths and in-situ *** measured elastic modulus and hardness of each sample are deconvolved into three phases including soft phase,medium stiff phase and stiff phase according to mineral *** the burial depth and corresponding in-situ stress increase,the overall elastic modulus and hardness of the sample ***,the percentage of soft minerals decreases,and the probability distribution tends to concentrate through 95%confidence interval evaluation which demonstrates weakened ***,SEM images provide evidence that extended cracking,initiated cracking,crushing and ductile deforming always occur around indentation *** confirms that even under deep buried depth and high in-situ stress,brittle fracture and ductile deformation can exist *** paper demonstrates the influence of in-situ stress on the heterogeneity of shale micromechanics.

关键词： Shale Heterogeneity Elastoplasticity Nanoindentation

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Semi-clathrate hydrate based carbon dioxide capture and separation techniques

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & engineering 2023年第12期17卷 1-29页

作者： Lijuan Gu Hailong Lu Beijing International center for Gas Hydrate School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National engineering research center for Gas Hydrate exploration and development Guangzhou 511466China

CO_(2)is considered as the main contributor to global warming,and hydrate enclathration is an efficient way for carbon capture and separation(CCS).Semi-clathrate hydrate(SCH)is a type of clathrate hydrate capable of encaging CO_(2)molecules under mild temperature and pressure *** has numerous unique advantages,including high thermal stability,selective absorption of gas molecules with proper size and recyclable,making it a promising candidate for *** SCH based CCS technology is in the developing stage and great efforts have to be conducted to improve the performance that is determined by their thermodynamical and structural *** review summarizes and compares the thermodynamic and structural properties of SCH and quaternary salt hydrates with gas mixtures to be captured and *** on the description of the physical properties of SCH and hydrate of quaternary salts with gas mixture,the CO_(2)capture and separation from fuel gas,flue gas and biogas with SCH are *** review focuses on the use of tetra-nbutyl ammonium halide and tetra-n-butyl phosphonium halide,which are the current application *** review aims to provide guidance for the future applications of SCH.

关键词： Semi-clathrate hydrate Tetra-n-butyl ammonium halide Tetra-n-butyl phosphonium halide Structure Thermodynamical properties CO_(2) capture and separation

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