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Local Torrential Rainfall Event within a Mei-Yu Season Mesoscale Convective System:Importance of Back-Building Processes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 847-863页

作者： Honglei ZHANG Ming XUE Hangfeng SHEN Xiaofan LI Guoqing ZHAI Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hangzhou 310017China center for analysis and Prediction of Storms and School of MeteorologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahoma 73072USA Department of Atmospheric Science School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Hangzhou Weather Bureau Hangzhou 310007China

An extreme rainfall event occurred over Hangzhou,China,during the afternoon hours on 24 June *** event occurred under suitable synoptic conditions and the maximum 4-h cumulative rainfall amount was over 150 *** rainfall event had two major *** was caused by a quasi-stationary convective line,and the other by a backbuilding convective line related to the interaction of the outflow boundary from the first rainband and an existing low-level mesoscale convergence line associated with a mei-yu frontal *** rainfall event lasted 4 h,while the back-building process occurred in 2 h when the extreme rainfall center *** far,few studies have examined the back-building processes in the mei-yu season that are caused by the interaction of a mesoscale convergence line and a convective cold *** two rainbands are successfully reproduced by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with fourlevel,two-way interactive *** the model,new cells repeatedly occur at the west side of older cells,and the backbuilding process occurs in an environment with large CAPE,a low LFC,and plenty of water *** from older cells enhance the low-level convergence that forces new *** precipitation efficiency of the back-building training cells leads to accumulated precipitation of over 150 *** experiments without evaporation of rainwater show that the convective cold pool plays an important role in the organization of the back-building process in the current extreme precipitation case.

关键词： torrential rainfall back-building processes numerical simulation trigger mechanism convergence line convective cold pool

Integration of urchin-like MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C core–shell nanowire arrays within porous copper current collector for superior performance Li-ion battery anodes

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 599-611页

作者： Xue-Ru Zhang Qiong Wu Yong Zhang Xi-Fei Li Ting Xie Yu-Cheng Wu Instrumental analysis center Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province Hefei230009China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China

Spinel MnCo_(2)O_(4) is a promising energy storage candidate as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries owing to synergistic effects of two intrinsic solid-state redox ***,low conductivity,poor rate capacity and rapid capacity fading have seriously impaired its practical *** overcome the inferiorities,urchin-like MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C core–shell nanowire arrays have been fabricated directly within a porous copper current collector via a facile hydrothermal method followed by a chemical vapor deposition carbonization *** a typical nanowire,the core is composed of interconnected MnCo_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles and the shell shows as a thin amorphous carbon *** integrated MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C/Cu structure could act as working anodes without using additives or polymer *** MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C/Cu possesses slightly longer Li-ion insertion/desertion pathway than that of MnCo_(2)O_(4)/Cu,the carbon shell could effectively prevent the pulverization of MnCo_(2)O_(4) and lower down charge transfer resistance and actively participate in Li-ion *** rearrangement of carbon atoms during lithiation/delithiation cycling could inhibit the formation of passive solid electrolyte interphase *** a result,the MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C/Cu electrode presents superior rate capacity(600 mAh·g^(−1) at 1 A·g^(−1)) and better stability(797 mAh·g^(−1) after 200 cycles at 100 mA·g^(−1)).The excellent reversible Li ion storage capacity,cycling stability and rate capacity endow MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C/Cu great potential as stable and high output integrated anode materials in Li-ion batteries.

关键词： MnCo_(2)O_(4)@C Urchin-like nanowire arrays Core-shell Integrated anode materials Lithium-ion batteries

MXene-derived quantum dots based photocatalysts:Synthesis,application,prospects,and challenges

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 123-133页

作者： Hao Deng Yuxin Hui Chao Zhang Qi Zhou Qiang Li Hao Du Derek Hao Guoxiang Yang Qi Wang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Instrumental analysis center of Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018China Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater(CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney(UTS)UltimoNSW 2007Australia

In recent years,the emerging two-dimensional material-MXenes has attracted widespread attention in the field of photocatalysis due to its high conductivity,suitable Fermi level,tunable elemental composition,and excellent photoelectric *** zero-dimensional quantum dots(MQDs)derived from 2D MXenes not only inherit the characteristics of MXenes but also exhibit better performance due to the quantum size *** on the above excellent physical and chemical properties,MQDs are often used as co-catalysts of photocatalysts,and show excellent co-catalytic *** the same time,compared with other cocatalysts(precious metals,metal oxides,metal sulfides),it has the advantages of low cost and high ***,understanding the status of MQDs in the field of photocatalysis is crucial for their further *** this review,we summarized the synthesis and modification methods of MQDs in recent years,as well as their photocatalytic applications in H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,N_(2) fixation,pollutant degradation,and other *** addition,the challenges and prospects faced by MQDs are also proposed,providing theoretical guidance for the further development of MQD-based photocatalysts.

关键词： MXenes Quantum dots Photocatalysis Composites Environment purification

Exceptional catalytic effect of novel rGO-supported Ni-Nb nanocomposite on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH_(2)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 83-93页

作者： Samuel Guemou Liuting Zhang Shuai Li Yiqun Jiang Tao Zhong Zichuan Lu Ren Zhou Fuying Wu Qian Li School of Energy and Power Instrumental Analysis CenterJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China National Engineering Research center for Magnesium Alloys&National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies&College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment Chongqing 401135China Max Planck Institute for Iron Research Düsseldorf 40237Germany

The design of an excellent active catalyst to improve the sluggish kinetic and thermodynamic properties of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))remains a great challenge to achieve its practical *** this study,a novel Ni-Nb/rGO nanocomposite catalyst was successfully prepared by one-spot hydrothermal and sub-sequent calcination *** novel Ni-Nb/rGO nanocomposite exhibits an exceptional catalytic effect on improving MgH_(2) sorption ***,the onset desorption temperature of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO composite is reduced to 198℃,much lower than that of undoped MgH_(2)(330℃).In-terestingly,the composite can release 5.0,5.9,and 6.0 wt%H_(2) within 10 min at 245,260,and 275℃,***,the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO composite starts to absorb hydrogen even at room temperature with approximate 2.75 wt%H_(2) uptake at 75℃under 3 MPa H_(2) pressure within 30 min and exhibits excellent stability by maintaining 6.0 wt%hydrogen content after 20 cycles at 300℃.Chou’s model suggests that the de/hydrogenation kinetics of Ni-Nb/rGO-modified MgH_(2) switches from surface penetration model to diffusion model at lower ***,the ac-tivation energies(E a)for the de/hydrogenation of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO are reduced to 57.8 kJ/mol and 33.9 kJ/mol,which are significantly lower than those of undoped MgH_(2).The work demonstrates that the addition of a novel ternary Ni-Nb/rGO catalyst is an effective strategy to not only boost the sorption kinetics of MgH_(2) but also maintain its cycling property.

关键词： Hydrogen storage materials Magnesium hydride Ni-Nb/rGO Kinetic analysis Catalytic mechanism

Fabrication of corrosion inhibiting microcapsules functional coating and their high-efficiency corrosion resistance

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 842-848页

作者： Hao-Ran Yun Lu Lu Xue-Long Hao Xing-Xiang Zhang School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin300387China National center of analysis and Testing for Nonferrous Metals and Electronic Materials General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing100088China Guobiao(Beijing)Testing&Certification Co. Ltd.Beijing101407China

Benzotriazole(BTA)was loaded into calcium carbonate microsphere shell by self-assembly method and a new type of high-efficiency corrosion inhibiting microcapsules(CIMs)were fabricated,which were added and dispersed into epoxy resin coating to obtain a new corrosion resistance functional *** corrosion inhibition effect of benzotriazole on aluminum alloy matrix was verified by polarization curve *** effectiveness of the CIMs and their loading capacity on inhibitor were evaluated by scanning electron microscope,laser confocal Raman spectroscopy together with thermogravimetric analysis.

关键词： corrosion coating resistance

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine W.Ngunjiri Department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International Health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in van der Waals SnP_(2)S_(6)

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 113-123页

作者： Chaowei He Jiantian Zhang Li Gong Peng Yu State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices Nanotechnology Research center School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Instrumental analysis and Research center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric materials,which possess electrically switchable spontaneous polarization and can be easily integrated with semiconductor technologies,is of utmost importance in the advancement of high-integration low-power *** the experimental discovery of certain 2D ferroelectric materials such as CuInP2S6 and In2Se3,achieving stable ferroelectricity at room temperature in these materials continues to present a significant ***,stable ferroelectric order at room temperature in the 2D limit is demonstrated in van der Waals SnP_(2)S_(6) atom layers,which can be fabricated via mechanical exfoliation of bulk SnP_(2)S_(6) *** polarization is observed in thin SnP_(2)S_(6) of~7 ***,a van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor(Fe-FET)with ferroelectric SnP_(2)S_(6) as top-gate insulator and ptype WTe0.6Se1.4 as the channel was designed and fabricated successfully,which exhibits a clear clockwise hysteresis loop in transfer characteristics,demonstrating ferroelectric properties of SnP_(2)S_(6) atomic *** addition,a multilayer graphene/SnP_(2)S_(6)/multilayer graphene van der Waals vertical heterostructure phototransistor was also fabricated successfully,exhibiting improved optoelectronic performances with a responsivity(R)of 2.9 A/W and a detectivity(D)of 1.4×10^(12) *** results show that SnP_(2)S_(6) is a promising 2D ferroelectric material for ferroelectric-integrated low-power 2D devices.

关键词： two-dimensional ferroelectric materials ferroelectric fieldeffect transistors photodetectors

Uphill or downhill?Cropland use change and its drivers from the perspective of slope spectrum

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 484-499页

作者： PAN Sipei LIANG Jiale CHEN Wanxu PENG Yelin College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National&Local Joint Engineering Research center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Nanjing 210095China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of geographic Information Technology School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring and Supervision in Southern Hilly Region Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangsha 410118China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau geographic Processes and Environmental Changes Faculty of GeographyYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The continuous decrease of low-slope cropland resources caused by construction land crowding poses huge threat to regional sustainable development and food *** spectrum analysis of topographic and geomorphic features is considered as a digital terrain analysis method which reflects the macro-topographic features by using micro-topographic ***,pieces of studies have extended the concept of slope spectrum in the field of geoscience to construction land to explore its expansion law,while research on the slope trend of cropland from that perspective remains *** address the gap,in virtue of spatial analysis and geographically weighted regression(GWR)model,the cropland use change in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020 was analyzed and the driving factors were explored from the perspective of slope *** showed that the slope spectrum curves of cropland area-frequency in the YRB showed a first upward then a downward *** change curve of the slope spectrum of cropland in each province(municipality)exhibited various distribution *** analysis of morphological parameters of cropland slope spectrum revealed that the further down the YRB,the stronger the flattening characteristics,the more obvious the *** province experienced the greatest downhill cropland climbing(CLC)was Shannxi,while province experienced the highest uphill CLC was *** most common cropland use change type in the YRB was horizontal expansion *** factors affecting average cropland climbing index(ACCI)were quite stable in different periods,while population density(POP)changed from negative to positive during the study *** research is of practical significance for the rational utilization of cropland at the watershed scale.

关键词： Cropland climbing Land use change Slope spectrum Driving factors geographically weighted regression Yangtze River Basin

Travel behavior resilience: Theory, method, and empirical studies

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2024年第8期34卷 1657-1674页

作者： Huang, Jie Wang, Jiaoe Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Resilience studies have long been a focal point in the fields of geography, social science, urban studies, and psychology. Recently, resilience studies from multiple disciplines have scrutinized resilience at an individual scale. As one important behavior in the daily life of human beings, travel behavior is characterized by spatial dependence, spatiotemporal dynamics, and group heterogeneity. Moreover, how to understand the interaction between travel behavior (or demand) and transportation supply and their dynamics is a fundamental question in transportation studies when transportation systems encounter unexpected disturbances. This paper refines the definition of travel behavior resilience based on fundamental theories from multiple disciplines, including ecology, transportation engineering, and psychology. Additionally, this paper proposes a conceptual theoretical framework of travel behavior resilience based on the dynamic equilibrium characteristics of transportation supply and demand. In general, travel behavior has three stages of variation, namely, dramatic reduction, rapid growth, and fluctuation recovery, which have helped capture the travel behavior resilience triangle. Then, we construct a corresponding evaluation methodology that is suitable for multiscale and multidimensional perspectives. We emphasize that the evaluation of travel behavior resilience should be process-oriented with temporal continuity or capture the inflection points of travel behavior. Using multisource big data such as mobile phone signaling data and smart card data, this paper reviews empirical studies on travel behavior resilience, exploring its spatial heterogeneity and group differences. With location-based analysis, we confirm that people show greater travel behavior resilience in places where people engage in various socioeconomic activities. The group-based analysis shows that age and socioeconomic attributes of mobility groups significantly affect travel behavior resilience.

关键词： resilience residential travel social group urban transportation big data