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Rational design and energy catalytic application of high-loading single-atom catalysts

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4844-4866页

作者： Zi-Wei Deng Yue Liu Jie Lin Wen-Xing Chen energy and Catalysis center School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science

It is well known that single-atom catalysts(SACs)have become a hot topic in the field of catalysis due to their advantages such as 100% metal atom utilization efficiency,high catalytic activity and selectivity compared with conventional catalysts and nanocatalysts. However, the isolated metal atoms on SACs have thermodynamic instability and tend to agglomerate, which limit their catalytic ***, it is of great significance to synthesize stable and high-loading single-atom catalysts(HLSACs). In this paper,we review the research progress of HLSACs from two aspects:design and application. Firstly, we comprehensively introduce the synthesis strategies of HLSACs, namely, top-down and bottom-up methods. Secondly, we overview the application status of HLSACs in three fields: electrocatalysis, thermal catalysis and photocatalysis. Finally, we summarize the development prospects and challenges of HLSACs.

关键词： Design Electrocatalysis High-loading single-atom catalysts Photocatalysis Thermal catalysis

Boron-10 stimulated helium production and accelerated radiation displacements for rapid development of fusion structural materials

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第2期10卷 377-385页

作者： Yunsong Jung Ju Li Department of Nuclear science and Engineering and Department of Materials science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA Korea Institute of fusion energy Daejeon34133Republic of Korea

Boron doping,combined with neutron capture in fission reactors,has been used to simulate the helium effect on fusion structural ***,inhomogeneous helium bubble formation was often observed due to boron segregation to grain *** excess radiation displacements due to^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li reaction,the high-energy lithium and helium ions,also were not accounted for,which can significantly accelerate the displacements-per-atom(dpa)accumulation alongside helium production(appm).Hereby an isotopically pure^(10)B doping approach is proposed to simulate the extreme envi-ronment inside fusion reactors with a high He appm-to-dpa ratio of about 10,which is about 10^(2)×larger than in fission *** modeling showed that~13%of total radiation displacement was induced by^(10)B(n,α)^(7)Li in the case of 1000 appm^(10)B doped Fe samples,which becomes even greater with increasing^(10)B *** homogenous radiation damage and helium generation are pre-dicted for grain sizes less than 1 mm,even if the boron partially formed precipitates or segregates on grain *** studies with various^(10)B doping(and^(235)U-codoping)levels in research reactors showed the estimated helium generation and radiation damage would significantly mimic fusion conditions and greatly expedite fusion materials testing,from many years down to months.

关键词： fusion power reactor Helium transmutation He appm-to-dpa ratio Boron-10 doping Accelerated materials testing

Compositional tuning of A2B7-type La0.7-xYxMg0.3Ni3.5 alloys for gaseous hydrogen storage

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1912-1919页

作者： Junkun Du Hui Wang Renheng Tang Jiangwen Liu Liuzhang Ouyang Min Zhu School of Materials science and Engineering Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage MaterialsSouth China University of Technology

Rare earth-based superlattice alloys have great potential for gaseous hydrogen storage,as well as successful application as nickel-metal hydride batteries *** this work,Y substitution was carried out to adjust the gaseous hydrogen storage properties of A2B7-type *** results indicate a multiphase structure in the alloys comprised of the main rhombohedral Gd2Co7and PuNi3phases,with a small amount of ***,the Y substitution results in higher abundance of the *** alloy La0.42Y0.28Mg0.3Ni3.5exhibits a hydrogen storage cap acity of 1.55 wt% at 298 K and a desorption plateau pressure of 0.244 *** addition,this alloy demonstrates a stable cycle life by a capacity retention of 94.2% after 50 cycles,with the main capacity degradation occurring during the initial 20 *** work accentuates the potential of the La-Y-Mg-Ni-based superlattice alloys for applications in solid-state hydrogen storage.

关键词： A2B7-type La–Mg–Ni alloys Cycle performance Desorption plateau pressure Hydrogen storage Rare earths Y substitution

Investigation on Strengthening Mechanism of China Low-Activation Ferrite Steel upon Thermo-Mechanical Treatment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 373-387页

作者： Dongtian Yang Liangyin Xiong Hongbin Liao Guoping Yang Xiaoyu Wang Shi Liu Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China center for fusion science Southwestern Institute of PhysicsChengdu610041China

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of strengthening mechanisms on the high-temperature mechanical properties of China low-activation ferrite(CLF-1)steel,which underwent thermodynamic design and thermo-mechanical treatment(TMT).The microstructure characterization in the normalized and tempered condition and the TMT condition was carried out using optical microscopy,X-ray diffractometer,and scanning electron microscopy with electron backscatter ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the crystallographic structures of precipitated *** results indicated that the addition of Ti led to an increase in the allocation of C in MC phase and an enhancement in the content of MC *** to CLF-P steel in the normalized and tempered condition,a 1.5-fold increase in dislocation density and an order of magnitude improvement in MX phase density were achieved after *** formation of high-density nano-scale MC phases during TMT played a significant role in precipitation strengthening due to their favorable coherent relationship with the matrix and low interfacial free *** excellent high-temperature mechanical properties observed in CLF-P steel after TMT can be attributed to the combined effects of precipitation strengthening,dislocation strengthening,and lath strengthening.

关键词： China low-activation ferrite(CLF-1)steel Thermo-mechanical treatment MC phase Crystallographic structure Strengthening mechanism

Influence of syngas components and ash particles on the radiative heat transfer in a radiant syngas cooler

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 203-215页

作者： Chen Han Youmin Situ Huaxing Zhu Jianliang Xu Zhenghua Dai Guangsuo Yu Haifeng Liu National energy Coal Gasification technology Research and Development center East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Shanghai Engineering Research center of Coal Gasification East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Radiant syngas cooler(RSC)is widely used as a waste heat recovery equipment in industrial *** this work,an RSC with radiation screens is established and the impact of gaseous radiative property models,gas components,and ash particles on heat transfer is investigated by the numerical simulation *** the syngas components and the pressure environment of the RSC,a modified weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model was *** modified model shows high accuracy in *** computational fluid dynamics simulation,the calculated steam production is only 0.63%in error with the industrial *** with Smith's model,the temperature decay along the axial direction calculated by the modified model is *** components are of great significance to heat recovery capacity,especially when the absorbing gas fraction is less than 10%.After considering the influence of particles,the outlet temperature and the proportion of radiative heat transfer are less affected,but the difference in steam output reaches 2.7 t·h^(-1).The particle deposition on the wall greatly reduces the heat recovery performance of an RSC.

关键词： Radiant syngas cooler Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model Numerical simulation Particle radiation

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A synthetic diagnostics platform for microwave imaging diagnostics in tokamaks

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第3期26卷 38-45页

作者：李子涵杨尚川徐新航张立夫渠承明李诚普庄革谢锦林 Department of Plasma Physics and fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People's Republic of China

Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of *** address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission *** platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in *** tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD ***,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental *** platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.

关键词： synthetic diagnostics tokamak plasmas microwave imaging diagnostics microwave imaging reflectometer electron cyclotron emission imaging

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Recent Advances in Patterning Strategies for Full‑Color Perovskite Light‑Emitting Diodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 99-137页

作者： Gwang Heon Lee Kiwook Kim Yunho Kim Jiwoong Yang Moon Kee Choi Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering Center for Future Semiconductor Technology(FUST)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of energy science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea energy science and Engineering Research center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea Department of Materials science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Seoul 08826Republic of Korea

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability,pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths,high quantum yield,and solution *** recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)to their theoretical limits,their current fabrication using the spincoating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color *** integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels,it is crucial to pattern red–green–blue(RGB)perovskite pixels,while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous ***,we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color ***,we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient ***,we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs(i.e.,photolithography,inkjet printing,electron beam lithography and laserassisted lithography,electrohydrodynamic jet printing,thermal evaporation,and transfer printing)for fabrication of RGB pixelated *** patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches:in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite *** review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs,paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.

关键词： Perovskite Light-emitting diode Full-color display High-resolution patterning Electroluminescence

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Reconstructed parallel sites enhance the reactive oxygen tolerance of non-noble metal catalyst for durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3739-3748页

作者： Wenjie Wang Hui Ding Minghao Wang Han Cheng Xiang Shi Lin Wang Chun Wang Wangsheng Chu Yi Xie Changzheng Wu National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China School of Chemistry and Materials science CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience University of Science & Technology of China Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics Institute of energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

The establishment of reactive oxygen species(ROS) elimination sites in iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C) electrocatalysts to achieve durable proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) performance has attracted broad interest. However, realizing ROS removal efficiency and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) activity within a single system represents a significant challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate uniform ROS elimination sites and ORR centers through an electrochemical reconstruction method on the parallel sites of Fe@Ce NC electrocatalyst for durable PEMFC. During the reconstruction process, the Fe sites can retain their original configuration. Meanwhile, the pristine Ce clusters will evolve into more efficient, highly dispersed ***, the reconstructed Fe and Ce sites exhibit favorable energy barriers for the ORR and ROS elimination pathways,respectively, thereby maintaining ORR activity and achieving high ROS tolerance. Consequently, the PEMFC assembled with our catalyst shows only a 2% decay in power density after the accelerated durability test. We anticipate that this parallel structure design will provide new insight into the development of more durable electrocatalysts for PEMFCs.

关键词： parallel reaction pathways sites reconstruction oxygen reduction reaction radical elimination fuel cells

Halogen-bond induced unusual polyhalogen anions formation in hydrogen-bonded frameworks to secure iodine sequestration

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6766-6772页

作者： Yi Xie Pengling Huang Qiang Gao Shiyu Wang Jianchen Wang Gang Ye Collaborative Innovation center of Advanced Nuclear energy technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Safe confinement of fission iodine isotopes for long-term radioactive waste disposal remains a formidable challenge,as conventional sorbents provide inherently weak iodine-host *** report here a novel halogen bond(X-bond)directed strategy to sequester volatile iodine in hydrogen-bonded(H-bonded)frameworks with unprecedented ***-assisted Hbonded frameworks bearing open halide sites are developed,showing distinctive iodine encapsulation behaviors without compromising the *** crystallographic evidence indicates the formation of X-bonds,i.e.,I–I···Cl^(−) and I–I···Br^(−),within the confined pore *** polyhalogen anions,i.e.,[I_(2)Cl_(2)]^(2−)and[I_(2)Br_(2)]^(2−),sustained in H-bonded frameworks are identified for the first *** X-bond reinforced host-guest interaction affords robust iodine trapping without leaking out even at elevated temperatures up to 180℃.By integrating the halogen-bond chemistry with H-bonded frameworks,this study offers fresh concepts for developing effective host reservoirs to secure fission iodine isotopes from spent fuel reprocessing off-gases.

关键词： halogen-bond chemistry anion coordination chemistry hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks polyhalogen anions iodine confinement