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Population structures and spatial patterns of two unpalatable Arisaema species(Araceae) with and without clonal reproduction in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 155-162页

作者： Tetsuya K.Matsumoto Muneto Hirob Yasuaki Akaji Yuko Miyazaki Graduate School of environmental and Life Science Okayama UniversityTsushima-Naka 1-1-1Kita-kuOkayama 700-8530Japan Present Address:center for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental StudiesOnogawa 16-2Tsukuba 305-8506Japan

General decline of understory cover can result from increased abundance of and foraging pressure by *** population size and degree of aggregation can increase for unpalatable understory plants that escape foraging *** reproduction can enable unpalatable plant species to increase their population sizes while trending toward spatially aggregated ***,the details of the relationship between clonal reproduction in unpalatable plants and their dynamics under intensive deer herbivory are not *** compared the population structures and spatial patterns of two coexisting unpalatable plant species,Arisaema ovale(with clonal reproduction)and ***(without clonal reproduction)in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer,and examined the null hypothesis that the extent of spatial aggregation and local population size would not differ between the clonal and non-clonal Arisaema *** a 0.36-ha plot,*** had a larger population size(1087 individuals)with a higher abundance ratio of small plants(p<0.01)than ***(84 individuals).Analyses of spatial point processes showed that both populations were spatially aggregated(p<0.05).The spatial aggregation of ***,however,became weaker than that of ***,when we excluded one dense patch originating from irregular seed *** results,excluding the aggregated distribution observed in ***,suggested a substantial contribution of clonal reproduction to the expansion of the local *** population following intensive grazing by Sika deer.

关键词： Arisaema ovale Arisaema peninsulae Deer herbivory Spatial pattern Unpalatable plant

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Structure Organization of Urinary System in the Yellow Spotted Mountain Newts (Salamandridae: Neurergus microspilotus)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第1期5卷 60-65页

作者： Paria PARTO Somaye VAISSI Mozafar SHARIFI Department of biology Razi University Department of biology Razi University Center for Environmental Studies

This study deals with the histomorphology of the mesonephros in male and female Neurergus microspilotus. The slender and narrow kidneys are positioned in the retro peritoneal position up against the ventral aspect of vertebral column and may extend the length from the esophagus-stomach junction to cloaca. The kidney in both sexes is composed of sexual（anterior） and pelvic（posterior） parts. The duct of sexual kidney is a narrow duct which is lying alongside its lateral edge. In the female, it is connected to the ureters and then the duct of defi nitive kidney. Before entering the cloaca, two ureters are joined together and open to the apex of the cloaca. In the male, after entering the sexual kidney, the sperm leave the testis through efferent ducts, then these ducts join together and eventually form Bidder＇s duct. The Bidder＇s duct joins the Bowman＇s capsule of the nephrons in the sexual kidney and the nephrons make collecting ducts which are fi lled with both sperm and urine. After leaving the kidney, all the collecting ducts are connected to the Wolffi an duct. Wolffi an duct joins the ureters（merge from defi nitive kidney） just before entering the cloaca. Based on serial paraffi n sections, nephrons consist of a fi ltration unit, the Malpighian corpuscle, and a renal tubule, which can be divided into 4 morphologically distinct segments： proximal tubule（first and second segment）, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Collecting tubules merge and form a branch system that opens into collecting ducts.

关键词： Neurergus microspilotus sexual kidney pelvic kidney ureters

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Beyond city expansion:multi-scale environmental impacts of urban megaregion formation in China

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 79-91页

作者： Weiqi Zhou Wenjuan Yu Yuguo Qian Lijian Han Steward T.A.Pickett Jing Wang Weifeng Li Zhiyun Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Cary Institute of ecosystem studies Beijing Urban ecosystem Research Station Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization is a pressing global ***,little is known about how urban changes operate and affect environments across multiple *** on China,we found urbanization was indeed massive from 2000 to 2015,but it was also very uneven,exhibiting high internal city *** areas in China as a whole became less green,warmer,and had exacerbated PM2.5 ***,environmental impacts differed in newly developed versus older areas of *** impacts were prominent in newly urbanized areas,while old urban areas generally showed improved environmental *** addition,regional environmental issues are emerging as cities expand,connect and interact to form urban *** turn urbanization into an opportunity for,rather than an obstacle to,sustainable development,we must move beyond documenting urban expansion to understand the environmental consequences of both internal city dynamics and the formation of urban megaregions.

关键词： urbanization urban and regional sustainability landscape change air pollution urban heat island

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Grazing alters warming effects on leaf photosynthesis and respiration in Gentiana straminea,an alpine forb species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第5期6卷 418-427页

作者： Haihua Shen Shiping Wang Yanhong Tang center for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental StudiesOnogawa 16-2TsukubaIbaraki 305-8506Japan State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Aims Vast grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau are almost all under livestock *** is unclear,however,what is the role that the grazing will play in carbon cycle of the grassland under future climate *** found in our previous study that experimental warming can shift the optimum temperature of saturated photosynthetic rate into higher temperature in alpine *** this study,we proposed and tested the hypothesis that livestock grazing would alter the warming effect on photosynthetic and respiration through changing physical environments of grassland *** Experimental warming was carried by using an infrared heating system to increase the air temperature by 1.2 and 1.7℃ during the day and night,*** warming and ambient temperature treatments were crossed over to the two grazing treatments,grazing and un-grazed treatments,*** assess the effects of grazing and warming,we examined photosynthesis,dark respiration,maximum rates of the photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max)),RuBP carboxylation(V_(cmax))and temperature sensitivity of respiration Q_(10) in Gentiana straminea,an alpine species widely distributed on the Tibetan *** morphological and chemical properties were also examined to understand the physiological *** findings 1)Light-saturated photosynthetic rate(A_(max))of *** showed similar temperature optimum at around 16℃ in plants from all experimental *** warming increased A_(max) at all measuring temperatures from 10 to 25℃,but the positive effect of the warming occurred only in plants grown under the un-grazed *** the same measuring temperature,A_(max) was significantly higher in plants from the grazed than the un-grazed condition.2)There was significant crossing effect of warming and grazing on the temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))of leaf dark *** the un-grazed condition,plants from the warming treatment showed lower respiration rate b

关键词： alpine plant grazing photosynthesis respiration temperature acclimation

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Review of Effective Vegetation Mapping Using the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Method

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2014年第6期6卷 733-742页

作者： Korehisa Kaneko Seiich Nohara ecosystem Conservation Society-Japan Tokyo Japan center for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental Studies Ibaraki Japan

We tried more precise mapping of vegetation using UAV?(unmanned aerial vehicle), as a new method of creating vegetation maps, and we?objected to be clearly the efficient mapping of vegetation using the UAV method by comparing vegetation maps created by analysing aerial photographs taken by a UAV and an aircraft (manned flight). The aerial photography using UAV was conducted in the Niida River estuary (the secondary river flowing into Minamisoma City in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan). The photography period was in August 2013. We analysed the aerial photographs using ArcGis 9 (Esri Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The aerial photographs of the main plant communities (Phragmites australis,?Typha domingensis, and?Miscanthus sacchariflorus) taken by the UAV could clearly discriminate each plant community at the 1/50 scale. Moreover, it could clearly discriminate the shape of a plant at the 1/10 scale. We compared the vegetation maps by analysing the aerial photos taken by a UAV (2013 shooting) and an aircraft (2011 shooting). As a result, the vegetation map created by the UAV method could clearly discriminate community distributions. We conclude that vegetation surveys using UAV are possible and are capable of a highly precise community division in places where field reconnaissance is difficult. The UAV method is effective and will contribute to the improvement of research methods in the future;this method may reduce research costs associated with a reduction in field survey days and man-power.

关键词： UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Vegetation Map High Spatial Resolution Plant Community Plant Species

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Vegetation Formation in Estuarine Tidal Flats: Influences of Basin Scale and River-Crossing Structures of the Eight Rivers of Ise Bay in Mie and Aichi Prefectures, Japan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第15期4卷 974-988页

In this study, we examined the influences of the differences in basin scale and river-crossing structures of 8 rivers of Ise Bay in Mie and Aichi Prefectures, Japan on the vegetation in the estuarine tidal flats of these rivers. The dominant plant communities of the estuarine tidal flats formed from rivers of large-scale river basins (exceeding 300 km2) were determined. In the Miya River, the dominant plant community was the Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo community. In the Kushida River, the dominant plant community was composed of Phacelurus latifolius, Artemisia fukudo, Phragmites australis, and bamboo. In the Kumozu River, the dominant community was composed of the coastal plants Calystegia soldanella, Lathyrus japonicus, and Carex pumila and the exotic plant of Lolium multiflorum. The plant community of Suzuka River was dominated by the exotic plant of Eragrostis curvula. Among the estuarine tidal flats influenced by a small-scale river basin (50 km2 or less), the plant community of Shinbori River (Fukue tidal flat) was dominated by Suaeda maritima, and the plant communities of the Shio and Harai Rivers were dominated by Phragmites australis. The plant community of Tanaka River was dominated by Phragmites australis and coastal plants. Regarding the relationship between the vegetation and the river environment for each study site, we hypothesised that in a large basin area with few structures crossing the river, the river water catchment in the estuary after heavy rains caused large areas of disturbance and formed bare land, providing suitable habitat for an annual salt marsh plant community. In contrast, in cases with many structures crossing the river, a stable channel, an excavated riverbed and the suppression of runoff and the resulting disturbance of the estuary, flooding did not occur during high tide. Moreover, we hypothesised that in a small basin with many structures crossing the river, disturbance to the estuary was not likely, and the perennial s

关键词： Annual Salt Marsh Plant Perennial Salt Marsh Plant River-Crossing Structure Water Level River Basin

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Vegetation communities in estuarine tidal flats in the different river and basin environments of the four major rivers of Ise Bay (Suzuka, Tanaka, Kushida), Mie Prefecture, Japan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第2期3卷 205-213页

作者： Korehisa Kaneko Seiich Nohara center for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental Studies Ibaraki Japan ecosystem Conservation Society-Japan Tokyo Japan

In this study, we compared and analysed vegetation communities in the estuarine tidal flats of the four major rivers of Ise Bay (Suzuka River, Tanaka River, Kushida River and Miya River) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Along the Suzuka River, Eragrostis curvula of the exotic plant accounted for 60.0% or more of the entire surface area, and the plant volume was high. Along the Tanaka River, Suaeda maritima community occupied the sand-mud zone in the vicinity of the shoreline on gravel bars, while Phragmites australis community was distributed along a shallow lake upstream. In the Kushida River, a salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas flooded at high tide) of Suaeda maritima, Phragmites australis and Artemisia fukudo was distributed on the sand-mud surface along the main river. A salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas that do not flood at high tide) of Phacelurus latifolius accounted for least 50.0% of the entire surface area. Along the Miya River, the area covered by the annual salt marsh plant community type was larger than the area occupied by this community type along the other rivers. The flow volume of the Miya River was high in April, June and August-October of 2006, July and September of 2007 and April-June of 2008. The flow volume was especially high in July 2007, when it reached levels above 1500.0 m3/s;change in flow volume was also large. We suggest that a large-scale disturbance occurred in the estuary, resulting in the formation of a gravelly sandy surface where an annual salt marsh plant community of Suaeda maritime and Artemisia fukudo has been established and grown as the annual precipitation and catchment volume of the basin have increased.

关键词： Annual Salt Marsh Plant Perennial Salt Marsh Plant Flood Volume Water Level Disturbance

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The influence of changes in the degree and frequency of disturbance on the annual salt marsh plant (<i>Suaeda maritima, Artemisia fukudo</i>) communities in estuarine tidal flats: A case study of the Kushida River in Mie Prefecture, Japan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第1期4卷 1-10页

作者： Korehisa Kaneko Seiich Nohara center for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba City Japan ecosystem Conservation Society—Japan Tokyo Japan

In this study, we examined the influence of changes in the degree and frequency of disturbance in estuarine tidal flats on the annual salt marsh plant communities (Suaeda maritima, Artemisia fukudo) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities occur in the branch river of the Kushida River. Although the areas occupied by these communities were very small in 2006, the Suaeda maritima community expanded significantly to 3609 m2 in 2008, and the Artemisia fukudo community expanded significantly to 2726 m2 in 2008 and 10,396 m2 in 2010. Before the onset of the investigation period in 2006, the overflow warning water level (3.5 m) and the flood fighting corps standby water level (3.0 m) each occurred on one day in August 2004 and October 2004, respectively;at those times, the water volume exceeded 1000 m3·s-1 and 1500 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that because much of the estuarine tidal flat erodes when the water volume exceeds 1000 m3·sǃ, the establishment of the Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities is delayed until sufficient substrate is formed by the deposition of new sediment. In contrast, a water level of 2 - 3 m was observed on one day each in 2005, 2007 and 2009, with average water volumes of 488.5, 566.4 and 690.1 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that following the repeated disturbances caused by water levels of 1 - 3 m and flow volumes of 500 - 700 m3·s-1 over the bare ground exposed after flooding and erosion, Suaeda maritima is a pioneer species that colonizes on bare ground deposited by sediment transported from upstream and the sea during high tides, and following the same level of disturbance, Artemisia fukudo is secondary colonizer that has germinated and grown on the sediment deposited on the Suaeda maritima community.

关键词： Annual Salt Marsh Plant Disturbance Flow Volume Water Level Vegetation Change

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Phenolic constituents from the root bark of Morus alba with emphasis on morusin and its anti-cancer properties

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第2期28卷 75-87页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Tomomi Inoue Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University School of Science Monash University Sunway Centre for environmental biology and ecosystem studies National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Secretariat of the International Society for Mangrove ecosystems Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

The root bark of Morus alba L. or white mulberry is widely used as traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. Major classes and types of phenolic compounds isolated from the root bark are flavonoids(kuwanons, morusin, cyclomorusin and sanggenons), benzofurans(moracins and mulberrofurans), and stilbenoids(mulberrosides). Some of the flavonoids and benzofurans are products of Diel-Alder type adducts. Other classes of compounds include triterpenes, phenolic acids and coumarins. Morusin, a prenylated flavonoid, was first isolated from the root bark of M. alba, and later from the leaf, stem bark and twig of the plant. The potent anti-cancer properties of morusin have attracted much attention with research on-going and new findings being published. The compound inhibits angiogenesis, tumour progression and tumour migration, and triggers apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy in colorectal, cervical, prostate, breast, hepatoma, pancreatic, glioblastoma, gastric, ovarian and lung cancer cell lines. The anti-cancer activities of morusin are executed via various molecular targets and signalling pathways. It is anticipated that on-going in vitro studies will progress gradually to in vivo studies using animal models before efforts towards drug development can be initiated for clinical trials.

关键词： White mulberry Flavonoids Benzofurans Morusin Cytotoxic Apoptosis

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Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 290-296页

作者： Meiqing Jin Ling Li Chao Xu Yuezhong Wen Meirong Zhao MOE Key Laboratory of environmental Remediation and ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Research center of environmental Science College of Biological and Environmental Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 China

Synthetic pyrethroids （SPs） are among the most common pesticides in current use, and so far, several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods. Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites. Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs, little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites. In this study, permethrin （PM） and β-cypermethrin （CP）, as well as their metabolites （3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol （PBCOH）, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde （PBCHO） and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid （PBCOOH） were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L, comparable to 17β-estradiol （E2） of 10-9 tool/L, with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%, respectively. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L. For the three major metabolites, PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays, while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control. In particular, PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds, indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs. Given the widespread use of SPs, the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.

关键词： pyrethroids metabolites cell proliferation gene expression estrogenic activity

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