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Movement Trend Alterations in the Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)-Employed Ratbot Navigation Are Correlated with Stimulation Parameters

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 866-876页

作者： Sina Khajei Abed Khorasani Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Vahid Sheibani neuroscience Research center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran cognitive neuroscience Research center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran

In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from *** to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first *** a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the *** results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over ***,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from *** was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed *** negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,*** MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and *** addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and ***,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes ***,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.

关键词： Periaqueductal Gray(PAG) Navigation Ratbot Animal-robot Forward locomotion Movement slope

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Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress signaling in response to tau pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： Kevin Llewelyn Batenburg Wiep Scheper Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning and viability of *** is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during their *** proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damage in case of proteostatic *** integrated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream convergence point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-regulated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of global translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including that encoding the activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).Together,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

关键词： translation stress Together

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Distributions of Visual Receptive Fields from Retinotopic to Craniotopic Coordinates in the Lateral Intraparietal Area and Frontal Eye Fields of the Macaque

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 171-181页

作者： Lin Yang Min Jin Cong Zhang Ning Qian Mingsha Zhang Key Laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Division of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of neuroscience and Zuckerman Institute Columbia UniversityNew York 10027USA

Even though retinal images of objects change their locations following each eye movement,we perceive a stable and continuous *** possible mechanism by which the brain achieves such visual stability is to construct a craniotopic coordinate by integrating retinal and extraretinal *** have been several proposals on how this may be done,including eye-position modulation(gain fields)of retinotopic receptive fields(RFs)and craniotopic *** the present study,we investigated coordinate systems used by RFs in the lateral intraparietal(LIP)cortex and frontal eye fields(FEF)and compared the two *** mapped the two-dimensional RFs of neurons in detail under two eye fixations and analyzed how the RF of a given neuron changes with eye position to determine its coordinate *** same recording and analysis procedures were applied to the two brain *** found that,in both areas,RFs were distributed from retinotopic to craniotopic *** was no significant difference between the distributions in the LIP and *** a small fraction of neurons was fully craniotopic,whereas most neurons were between the retinotopic and craniotopic *** distributions were strongly biased toward the retinotopic side but with significant craniotopic *** results suggest that there is only weak evidence for craniotopic RFs in the LIP and FEF,and that transformation from retinotopic to craniotopic coordinates in these areas must rely on other factors such as gain fields.

关键词： Reference frames Eye-centered Headcentered Visual stability

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Beyond functional MRI signals:molecular and cellular modifiers of the functional connectome and cognition

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 937-938页

作者： Lorenzo Pini Alessandro Salvalaggio Maurizio Corbetta Padova neuroscience center University of PadovaItaly Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine VIMMPadovaItaly Department of neuroscience University of PadovaItaly

Our brain is constantly *** at rest,the brain carries out essential functions such as maintenance of resting potentials,subthreshold synaptic activity,and spiking activity related to information *** resting activity can be assessed with several in vivo tools,such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance *** technique measures subtle changes in blood flow,volume,and oxygenation that occur over *** vascular in nature,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is considered a reliable proxy of neural activity and several studies have shown that the brain is functionally divided into interacting neural networks called the“functional connectome”.

关键词： functional neural measures

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A divergent pattern in functional connectivity: a transdiagnostic perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1885-1886页

作者： Lu Zhang Lorenzo Pini Padova neuroscience center Universitàdegli Studi di PadovaPadovaItaly

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)is a popular tool used to investigate not only how the brain responds to specific stimuli during sensorimotor or cognitive tasks,but also brain activity at *** physics beyond... 详细信息

关键词： pattern connectivity functional

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Hippocampal dopamine as a key regulator for learning deficits in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1193-1194页

作者： Kun Wu Shuai Liu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education) Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU) School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai Changning Mental Health center NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with clinical symptoms of involuntary or uncontrollable movements such as tremors,rigidity,and *** learning deficit is largely overlooked in the pas... 详细信息

关键词： MEMORY

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Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1233-1240页

作者： Ruxue Jia Gemma Solé-Guardia Amanda J.Kiliaan Department of Medical Imaging Anatomy Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behavior Center for Medical Neuroscience Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME Radboud Alzheimer Center

Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.

关键词： blood-brain barrier dysfunction cerebral blood flow cerebral hypoperfusion endothelial dysfunction hypertension inflammation magnetic resonance imaging neurovascular unit oxidative stress small vessel disease tight junctions transcytosis

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Translating Pathological Brain Activity Primers in Parkinson’s Disease Research

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 735-752页

作者： Daniela Mirzac Svenja L.Kreis Heiko J.Luhmann Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla Sergiu Groppa Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation Department of NeurologyFocus Program Translational NeuroscienceRhine Main Neuroscience NetworkUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany Institute of Physiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany

Translational experimental approaches that help us better trace Parkinson’s disease(PD)pathophysiological mechanisms leading to new therapeutic targets are urgently *** this article,we review recent experimental and clinical studies addressing abnormal neuronal activity and pathological network oscillations,as well as their underlying mechanisms and *** aim is to enhance our knowledge about the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology and the timing of its symptom’s ***,we present mechanistic insights relevant for the generation of aberrant oscillatory activity within the cortico-basal ganglia *** summarize recent achievements extrapolated from available PD animal models,discuss their advantages and limitations,debate on their differential applicability,and suggest approaches for transferring knowledge on disease pathology into future research and clinical applications.

关键词： clinical knowledge insight

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Pathological and physiological functional cross-talks ofα-synuclein and tau in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 855-862页

作者： Mingyue Jin Shengming Wang Xiaodie Gao Zhenyou Zou Shinji Hirotsune Liyuan Sun Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive neuroscience Guilin Medical University Department of Genetic Disease Research Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Scientific Research Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

α-Synuclein and tau are abundant multifunctional brain proteins that are mainly expressed in the presynaptic and axonal compartments of neurons,*** works have revealed that intracellular deposition ofα-synuclein and/or tau causes many neurodegenerative disorders,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s *** intense investigation,the normal physiological functions and roles ofα-synuclein and tau are still unclear,owing to the fact that mice with knockout of either of these proteins do not present apparent ***,the co-occurrence ofα-synuclein and tau aggregates was found in post-mortem brains with synucleinopathies and tauopathies,some of which share similarities in clinical ***,the direct interaction ofα-synuclein with tau is considered to promote the fibrillization of each of the proteins in vitro and in *** the other hand,our recent findings have revealed thatα-synuclein and tau are cooperatively involved in brain development in a stage-dependent *** findings indicate strong cross-talk between the two proteins in physiology and *** this review,we provide a summary of the recent findings on the functional roles ofα-synuclein and tau in the physiological conditions and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.A deep understanding of the interplay betweenα-synuclein and tau in physiological and pathological conditions might provide novel targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： alpha-synuclein microtubule-associated protein neurodegenerative disease tau

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Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 613-631页

作者： Yanxin Shen Guimei Zhang Chunxiao Wei Panpan Zhao Yongchun Wang Mingxi Li Li Sun Department of Neurology and neuroscience center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina cognitive Impairment center Department of NeurologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinica

关键词： apoptosis ferroptosis inflammation lipid peroxidation natural plant products neurodegenerative disorder neuroprotection oxidative stress small-molecule drugs

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