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Zoological Research 2021年第2期42卷 141-152页

作者： Yun Zhang Qi-Quan Wang Zhong Zhao Cheng-Jie Deng Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences&Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

Secretory pore-forming proteins(PFPs) have been identified in organisms from all kingdoms of life. Our studies with the toad species Bombina maxima found an interaction network among aerolysin family PFPs(af-PFPs) and trefoil factors(TFFs). As a toad af-PFP, Bm ALP1 can be reversibly regulated between active and inactive forms, with its paralog Bm ALP3 acting as a negative regulator. Bm ALP1 interacts with Bm TFF3 to form a cellular active complex called βγ-CAT. This PFP complex is characterized by acting on endocytic pathways and forming pores on endolysosomes, including stimulating cell macropinocytosis. In addition, cell exocytosis can be induced and/or modulated in the presence of βγ-CAT. Depending on cell contexts and surroundings, these effects can facilitate the toad in material uptake and vesicular transport, while maintaining mucosal barrier function as well as immune defense. Based on experimental evidence,we hereby propose a secretory endolysosome channel(SELC) pathway conducted by a secreted PFP in cell endocytic and exocytic systems, with βγ-CAT being the first example of a SELC protein. With essential roles in cell interactions and environmental adaptations, the proposed SELC protein pathway should be conserved in other living organisms.

关键词： Pore-forming protein Secretory endolysosome channel(SELC) Endocytosis Exocytosis Vesicular transport

Characterization and Evaluation of OsLCT1 and OsN ramp5 Mutants Generated Through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis for Breeding Low Cd Rice

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Rice science 2019年第2期26卷 88-97页

作者： LIU Songmei JIANG Jie LIU Yang MENG Jun XU Shouling TAN Yuanyuan LI Youfa SHU Qingyao HUANG Jianzhong National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences Zhejiang University Hubei Collaborative Innovation center for Grain Industry Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment/College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences

To explore how rice(Oryza sativa L.) can be safely produced in Cd-polluted soil, OsLCT1 and OsNramp5 mutant lines were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. One of OsLCT1 mutant(lct1×1) and two of OsNramp5 mutants(nramp5×7 and nramp5×9) were evaluated for grain Cd accumulation and agronomic performances. In paddy field soil containing approximately 0.9 mg/kg Cd, lct1×1 grains contained approximately 40%(0.17 mg/kg) of the Cd concentration of the wild type parental line, less than the China National Food Safety Standard(0.20 mg/kg). Both OsNramp5 mutants showed low grain Cd accumulation(< 0.06 mg/kg) in the paddy(approximately 0.9 mg/kg Cd) or in pots in soil spiked with 2 mg/kg Cd. However, only nramp5×7 showed normal growth and yield, whereas the growth of nramp5×9 was severely impaired. The study showed that lct1×1 could be used to produce rice grains safe for human consumption in lightly contaminated paddy soils and nramp5×7 used in soils contaminated by much higher levels of Cd.

关键词： cadmium rice OsNramp5 OsLCT1 genome-editing heavy metal contamination CRISPR Cas9

Closing the door to human immunodeficiency virus

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Protein & Cell 2013年第2期4卷 86-102页

作者： Yuanxi Kang Jia Guo Zhiwei Chen AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon RoadPokfulamHong Kong SARChina Research center for Infection and Immunity The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon RoadPokfulamHong Kong SARChina

The pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus type one(HIV-1),the major etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease(AIDS),has led to over 33 million people living with the virus,among which 18 million are women and *** now,there is neither an effective vaccine nor a therapeutic cure despite over 30 years of *** the Thai RV144 vaccine trial has demonstrated an efficacy of 31.2%,an effective vaccine will likely rely on a break-through discovery of immunogens to elicit broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies,which may take years to ***,there is an urgency of exploring other prophylactic ***,antiretroviral treatment as prevention is an exciting area of pro-gress in HIV-1 *** effective,the im-plementation of such strategy faces great financial,political and social challenges in heavily affected re-gions such as developing countries where drug re-sistant viruses have already been found with growing *** latently infected cells for thera-peutic cure is another area of *** it is greatly difficult to eradicate HIV-1 after the establish-ment of viral latency,it is necessary to investigate strategies that may close the door to ***,we review studies on non-vaccine strategies in targeting viral entry,which may have critical implications for HIV-1 prevention.

关键词： HIV-1 entry inhibitor vaccine antiretrovi-ral antibody

Highly Efficient Base Editing in Viral genome Based on Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Using a Cas9-Cytidine Deaminase Fused Protein

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第2期35卷 191-199页

作者： Ke Zheng Fang-Fang Jiang Le Su Xin Wang Yu-Xin Chen Huan-Chun Chen Zheng-Fei Liu State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province.College of Veterinary Medicine.Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070China Gene Editing Research center Hebei University of Science and Technology.Shijiazhuang 050018China

Viruses evolve rapidly and continuously threaten animal health and economy,posing a great demand for rapid and efficient genome editing technologies to study virulence mechanism and develop effective *** present a highly efficient viral genome manipulation method using CRISPR-guided cytidine *** cloned pseudorabies virus genome into bacterial artificial chromosome,and used CRISPR-guided cytidine deaminase to directly convert cytidine(C)to uridine(U)to induce premature stop mutagenesis in viral *** editing efficiencies were 100%.Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that a large number of editable sites exist in pseudorabies virus(PRV)***,in our study viral genome exists as a plasmid in ***,suggesting that this method is virus *** application of base-editing provided an alternative approach to generate mutant virus and might accelerate study on virulence and vaccine development.

关键词： Pseudorabies virus(PRV) Bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) Base-editing CRISPR7Cas9 genome editing

Magnetron co-sputtering synthesis and nanoindentation studies of nanocrystalline(TiZrHf)_(x)(NbTa)_(1–x)high-entropy alloy thin films

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 4873-4879页

作者： Changjun Cheng Xiaofu Zhang Michel J.R.Haché Yu Zou Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology and Center for Excellence in Superconducting ElectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200050China

Refractory high-entropy alloys(HEAs)possess many useful properties such as high strength and high-temperature *** far,most studies on refractory HEAs have been limited to a few well-known compositions and on their coarse-grain bulk *** we fabricate nanocrystalline(TiZrHf)_(x)(NbTa)_(1−x)HEA thin films with a large range of compositions(x=0.07–0.90)by the direct current(DC)magnetron co-sputtering technique and measure their mechanical properties using the nanoindentation *** the as-deposited HEA thin films show a solid-solution body-centered cubic(bcc)*** the compositional ratio(x)increases,the elastic modulus decreases from 153 to 123 GPa,following the trend of the rule of *** x increases,the hardness first decreases from 6.5 GPa(x=0.07)to the lowest value(4.6 GPa,x=0.48)and then increases to the highest value(7.1 GPa,x=0.90),showing a concave *** change in hardness might be attributed to the combinational influence caused by the atomic size and modulus effects,as well as the texture *** authors also propose a few open questions for future studies on this and related HEA systems.

关键词： high-entropy alloys nanocrystalline alloys refractory metals thin films magnetron co-sputtering nanoindentation

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystal materials: new generation of scintillators for high quality X-ray imaging

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Science Bulletin 2019年第17期64卷 1205-1206页

作者： Kang Wang Hao Zhang Zhanjun Gu Aerospace Institute of Advanced Materials & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 China bCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology o f China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Scintillating materials, which can convert high energy X-ray radiation into visible luminescence [1], are crucial parts of Xray imaging technology. Since the discovery of X-ray in 1895, scintillating materials have witnessed wild applications in various fields, including security inspection, space exploration, nondestructive detection, and medical diagnostics [2,3]- Conventional scintillators are generally large inorganic crystals and can only be grown at high temperature, which significantly increases the manufacturing difficulty and cost. The luminescence of current crystal scintillators is usually limited by lowefficiency or afterglow effects, and is difficult to be tuned cross the visible spectrum. As traditional scintillators have reached their performance limits, exploration of new scintillators has become a crucial topic considering the increased demands of X-ray imaging and detection technology [4-6].

关键词： space exploration visible spectrum high energy

The structure of phospholamban and its MD simulations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1619-1624页

作者： TANG Bei GONG Ke WANG JingFang LI YiXue WEI DongQing Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics College of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Bioinformatics center Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200031 China

Phospholamban is an important protein with responsibility for regulating the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump through reversible *** its three-dimensional structure in living cell has been a focus of *** the current case, we summarized the investigations on phospholamban structure, and on this base, employed long time-scale molecular dy-namics simulations to study its structure *** first 22 residues from one chain of phospholamban in bellflower structure determined by NMR experiments, together with its phosphorylation at position 16 and mutation at position 9 were picked up as three different *** molecular dynamics simulations of 10 ns in the explicit solution surroundings, it was found that the 3–15 residues of the original structure retained their helix structures, while the phosphorylation and mutation had less probability to form helix *** structural changes might result in inhibition decrease to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, which is in accordance with previous experimental results.

关键词：分子动力学模拟可逆磷酸化三维结构结构系统实验确定螺旋结构基因突变蛋白结构

Phenotyping and phenomics in aquaculture breeding

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第2期7卷 140-146页

作者： Guihong Fu Yun Yuna Hunan Engineering Research center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China School of Humanities Nanyang Technological University48 Nanyang Avenue639818Singapore

Due to the availability of genomic resources,including whole genome sequences and numerous DNA markers in some aquaculture species,genetic improvement of important traits has since moved on from conventional breeding to marker-assisted and genomic selection,or a combination of ***,phenotyping has become the major bottleneck,which hinders the genetic improvement of *** some phenomics platforms have been developed for the precise,rapid and non-invasive measurement of important phenotypes(*** traits)in aquaculture species,the phenomics platforms for most traits(*** resistance,stress tolerance,behavior)are still *** advances in novel technologies,including automated imaging/machine vision,diode frame measurements and deep learning networks,will provide solutions to the development of phenomics platforms,including phenotyping,data acquisition and *** this article,we describe the concept of phenomics and its importance in fish *** also summarise the status and challenges in developing phenomics platforms in aquaculture and propose suggestions in the development of these phenomics platforms.

关键词： Aquaculture Breeding Trait Behaviour Measurement

Contribution of Genomics to Gene discovery in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1176-1178页

作者： Yun Ma Feng Qin Lam-Son Phan Tran Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039Chlna Signaling Pathway Research Unit Plant Science CenterRIKEN Yokohama Institute1-7-22Suehiro-choTsurumiYokohama 230-0045Japan

Sustaining agricultural production under adverse environ- mental conditions, such as drought and high salinity, rep- resents a major challenge. The discovery of key genes and signal transduction pathways underlying plant responses to environmental stress will play an important role in devel- oping strategies for the genetic improvement of crops to address this challenge. Crop functional genomics has greatly contributed to the identification of abiotic stress-related genes. Current advances in genomic technologies now pro- vide effective and high-throughput methods for identifying stress-related genes at a genome-wide level, especially with the availability of the complete genomic sequence of several model and crop plant species. The development of genetic database resources has allowed bioinformatic approaches to identify stress-tolerant gene families across species based on homology and synteny. Additionally, genome-wide associa- tion studies （GWAS） for complex trait loci in crops have facili- tated the discovery of critical stress-related genes and their favorable alleles.

关键词： IN-SILICO ANALYSIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS DEHYDRATION STRESS PREDICTION