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Traumatic brain injury treatment using a rodent model of homelessness

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1873-1874页

作者： Molly Monsour Cesar V.Borlongan University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine TampaFLUSA center of Excellence for Aging and brain repair Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFLUSA

Introduction:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a common diagnosis among veterans secondary to combat *** is also rampant among those experiencing homelessness,possibly due to veterans making up 12.3%of the homeless population(Tsai and Rosenheck,2015),or due to the high risk of violence or trauma among those experiencing *** is up to 10×more prevalent among those experiencing homelessness(Stubbs et al.,2020;Dell et al.,2021).

关键词： diagnosis TBI less

Transplantation of fibrin-thrombin encapsulated human induced neural stem cells promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats through modulation of the microenvironment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 440-446页

作者： Sumei Liu Baoguo Liu Qian Li Tianqi Zheng Bochao Liu Mo Li Zhiguo Chen Cell Therapy center Beijing Institute of GeriatricsXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseasesand Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina center of Neural Injury and repair Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina center of Parkinson’s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina

Recent studies have mostly focused on engraftment of cells at the lesioned spinal cord,with the expectation that differentiated neurons facilitate *** a few studies have attempted to use transplanted cells and/or biomaterials as major modulators of the spinal cord injury ***,we aimed to investigate the role of microenvironment modulation by cell graft on functional recovery after spinal cord *** neural stem cells reprogrammed from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and/or thrombin plus fibrinogen,were transplanted into the lesion site of an immunosuppressed rat spinal cord injury ***,Beattie and Bresnahan score,electrophysiological function,and immunofluorescence/histological analyses showed that transplantation facilitates motor and electrophysiological function,reduces lesion volume,and promotes axonal neurofilament expression at the lesion *** of the graft and niche components revealed that although the graft only survived for a relatively short period(up to 15 days),it still had a crucial impact on the ***,induced neural stem cells and human fibrin reduced the number of infiltrated immune cells,biased microglia towards a regenerative M2 phenotype,and changed the cytokine expression profile at the lesion ***-induced changes of the microenvironment during the acute and subacute stages might have disrupted the inflammatory cascade chain reactions,which may have exerted a long-term impact on the functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats.

关键词： biomaterial fibrinogen functional recovery induced neural stem cell transplantation microenvironment microglia spinal cord injury thrombin

Control of defensive behavior by the nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic neurons

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 70-83页

作者： Huiying Zhao Jinrong Liu Yujin Shao Xiang Feng Binhan Zhao Li Sun Yijun Liu Linghui Zeng Xiao-ming Li Hongbin Yang Shumin Duan Yan-qin Yu Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of brain Science and brain Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Nanhu brain-Computer Interface Institute Liangzhu Laboratory MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural repair of Zhejiang Province School of Medicine Hangzhou City University

The nucleus of Darkschewitsch(ND), mainly composed of GABAergic neurons, is widely recognized as a component of the eye-movement controlling system. However, the functional contribution of ND GABAergic neurons(NDGABA) in animal behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDGABA neurons were selectively activated by different types of fear stimuli, such as predator odor and foot *** and chemogenetic manipulations revealed that NDGABA neurons mediate freezing ***, using circuit-based optogenetic and neuroanatomical tracing methods, we identified an excitatory pathway from the lateral periaqueductal gray(l PAG) to the ND that induces freezing by exciting ND inhibitory outputs to the motor-related gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part(Gi V). Together,these findings indicate the NDGABA population as a novel hub for controlling defensive response by relaying fearful information from the l PAG to Gi V, a mechanism critical for understanding how the freezing behavior is encoded in the mammalian brain.

关键词： nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic population defensive behavior freezing neural circuitry

Unresolved Excess Accumulation of Myelin-Derived Cholesterol Contributes to Scar Formation after Spinal Cord Injury

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 17-32页

作者： Bolin Zheng Yijing He Shuai Yin Xu Zhu Qing Zhao Huiyi Yang Zhaojie wang Rongrong Zhu Liming Cheng Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury repair and Regeneration Ministry of EducationDepartment of OrthopedicsTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Frontier Science center for Stem Cell Research School of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Clinical center for brain and Spinal Cord Research Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Spinal cord injury triggers complex pathological cascades,resulting in destructive tissue damage and incomplete tissue *** formation is generally considered a barrier for regeneration in the central nervous ***,the intrinsic mechanism of scar formation after spinal cord injury has not been fully ***,we report that excess cholesterol accumulates in phagocytes and is inefficiently removed from spinal cord lesions in young adult ***,we observed that excessive cholesterol also accumulates in injured peripheral nerves but is subsequently removed by reverse ***,preventing reverse cholesterol transport leads to macrophage accumulation and fibrosis in injured peripheral ***,the neonatal mouse spinal cord lesions are devoid of myelin-derived lipids and can heal without excess cholesterol *** found that transplantation of myelin into neonatal lesions disrupts healing with excessive cholesterol accumulation,persistent macrophage activation,and *** internalization suppresses macrophage apoptosis mediated by CD5L expression,indicating that myelin-derived cholesterol plays a critical role in impaired wound *** together,our data suggest that the central nervous system lacks an efficient approach for cholesterol clearance,resulting in excessive accumulation of myelin-derived cholesterol,thereby inducing scar formation after injury.

关键词： healing Spinal impaired

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1164-1177页

作者： Pengfei Wang Yuewei Bi Min Li Jiazhi Chen Zhuyong Wang Huantao Wen Ming Zhou Minjie Luo Wangming Zhang Neurosurgery center Department of Pediatric NeurosurgeryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and RegenerationZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced *** oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced ***,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced ***,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced ***,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is *** found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s ***,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma *** of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum ***,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum *** findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

关键词： aperiodic components dopamine D3 receptor dorsolateral striatum functional connectivity gamma oscillations levodopa-induced-dyskinesia local field potentials neuromodulation Parkinson’s disease primary motor cortex

Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1336-1343页

作者： Haitao Zhao Tong Zhang Haojie Zhang Yunlei Wang Lingna Cheng School of Rehabilitation Medicine Capital Medical University Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Beijing Bo'ai Hospital China Rehabilitation Research Center 3. School of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences 4. Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation China Rehabilitation Science Institute

Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s disease, but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes. We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats, increased delta power values, and regularized delta power rhythm. Additionally, exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination, endurance, and grip strength, as well as learning and memory abilities. At the same time, it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone. These findings suggest that exercise-withmelatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.

关键词： exercise glutamate receptor 2 hippocampus ischemic stroke learning melatonin memory sleep disorder synaptic plasticity

Allogenic microglia replacement:A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 237-245页

作者： Yanxia Rao Bo Peng Department of Laboratory Animal Science MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceMOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghai 200000China Co-Innovation center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu 226001China

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS)that play vital roles in CNS development,homeostasis and disease *** defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction,which in turn leads to neurological *** correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic *** genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vectorbased genetic defect ***,the viruses used in these approaches,including adeno-associated viruses,lentiviruses and retroviruses,do not primarily target microglia;therefore,viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in *** replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy *** this paper,we systematically review the history,rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement,which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.

关键词： Microglia Replacement Microglia replacement Microglia depletion Microglia-free niche CSF1R

Timp1 Deletion Induces Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 732-742页

作者： Xiaotong Wang Wei Zheng Ziyi Zhu Biyu Xing Weijie Yan Ke Zhu Lingli Xiao Chaojuan Yang Mengping Wei Lei Yang Zi-Bing Jin Xueyun Bi Chen Zhang State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug development Nanjing210000China School of Basic Medical Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and RepairAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionBeijing Laboratory of Oral HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Eye CenterBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100005China Chinese Institute for brain Research Beijing102206China Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China

The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory,but it also plays an important role in regulating emotional behavior,as hippocampal excitability and plasticity affect anxiety and *** synaptic plasticity may be regulated by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1(TIMP1),a known protein inhibitor of extracellular matrix(ECM),and the expression of TIMP1 in the hippocampus can be induced by neuronal excitation and various ***,the involvement of Timp1 in fear learning,anxiety,and hippocampal synaptic function remains to be *** study of Timp1 function in vivo revealed that Timp1 knockout mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior but normal fear *** results suggested that Timp1 knockout mice showed hyperactivity in the ventral CA1 region,but the basic synaptic transmission and plasticity were normal in the Schaffer collateral *** together,our results suggest that deletion of Timp1 in vivo leads to the occurrence of anxiety behaviors,but that Timp1 is not crucial for fear learning.

关键词： Timp1 Anxiety Fear Synaptic transmission Synaptic plasticity

Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1233-1240页

作者： Ruxue Jia Gemma Solé-Guardia Amanda J.Kiliaan Department of Medical Imaging Anatomy Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behavior Center for Medical Neuroscience Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME Radboud Alzheimer Center

Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.

关键词： blood-brain barrier dysfunction cerebral blood flow cerebral hypoperfusion endothelial dysfunction hypertension inflammation magnetic resonance imaging neurovascular unit oxidative stress small vessel disease tight junctions transcytosis