检索结果-南通市图书馆

Development and transdifferentiation into inner hair cells require Tbx2

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 135-148页

作者： Zhenghong Bi Xiang Li Minhui Ren Yunpeng Gu Tong Zhu Shuting Li Guangqin Wang Suhong Sun Yuwei Sun Zhiyong Liu Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Center for Brain Science and brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology

Atohl is essential for the development of both outer hair cells(OHCs) and inner hair cells(IHCs) in the mammalian co chlea.Whereas Ikzf2 is necessary for OHC development,the key gene re quired for IHC development remains unknown.We found that deletion of Tbx2 in neonatal IHCs led to their transdifferentiation into OHCs by repressing 26.7% of IHC genes and inducing 56.3% of OHC genes,including Ikzf2.More importantly,persistent expression of Tbx2 coupled with transient Atohl expression effe ctively reprogrammed non-sensory supporting cells into new IHCs expressing the functional IHC marker vGlut3.The differentiation status of these new IHCs was considerably more advanced than that previously reported.Thus,Tbx2 is essential for IHC development and co-upregulation of Tbx2 with Atohl in supporting cells represents a new approach for treating deafness related to IHC degeneration.

关键词： Tbx2 cochlea inner hair cell supporting cell Ikzf2 outer hair cell

From Parametric Representation to Dynamical System: Shifting Views of the Motor Cortex in Motor Control

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第7期38卷 796-808页

作者： Tianwei Wang Yun Chen He Cui center for Excellence in brain Science and Intlligent Technology Institute of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shanghai Center for Brain and brain-inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In contrast to traditional representational perspectives in which the motor cortex is involved in motor control via neuronal preferenceforkinetics andkinematics,a dynamical system perspective emerging in the last decade views the motor cortex as a dynamical machine that generates motor commands by autonomous temporal evolution.In this review,we first look back at the history of the representational and dynamical perspectives and discuss their explanatory power and controversy from both empirical and computational points of view.Here,we aim to reconcile the above perspectives,and evaluate their theoretical impact,future direction,and potential applications in brain-machine interfaces.

关键词： Dimensionality reduction Neural network Machine learning Population decoding brain-machine interface

Memristive dynamics enabled neuromorphic computing systems

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 5-19页

作者： Bonan YAN Yuchao YANG Ru HUANG Center for Brain Inspired Chips Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Integrated Circuits School of Integrated Circuits Peking University School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University Center for Brain Inspired Intelligence Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR)

The slowing down of transistor scaling and explosive growth for intelligence computing power emerge as the two driving factors for the study of novel devices and materials to pursue highly-efficient computing systems. Memristors, incorporating rich intrinsic dynamics, are a promising candidate for constructing efficient and scalable bio-inspired computing systems. In this progress report, we review the latest advances in novel types of memristors as well as their applications in implementing neuromorphic computing systems. This paper not only covers the memristive dynamics-enabled bionic computing systems but also discusses the memristive sensory systems that integrate sensing and computing. Eventually, device-circuit co-optimization methods are given to emphasize the trend of cross-layer co-design in this fast-evolving field.The innovation in memristor devices mainly focuses on specialized computing hardware and yields superior computing and sensing efficiency. At last, we offer our insight into the trend of state-of-the-art research in memristive materials, devices, circuits, and systems.

关键词： memrsitor memristive dynamics artificial synapse artificial neuron neuromorphic computing

Projection-Specific Heterogeneity of the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Neurons in the Prelimbic Cortex

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第7期39卷 1050-1068页

作者： Ankang Hu Rui Zhao Baihui Ren Yang Li Jiangteng Lu Yilin Tai The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and the Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Clinical Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children’s Medical center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and brain-Inspired Intelligence Shanghai 201210China

The axon initial segment(AIS)is a highly specialized axonal compartment where the action potential is initiated.The heterogeneity of AISs has been suggested to occur between interneurons and pyramidal neurons(PyNs),which likely contributes to their unique spiking properties.However,whether the various characteristics of AISs can be linked to specific PyN subtypes remains unknown.Here,we report that in the prelimbic cortex(PL)of the mouse,two types of PyNs with axon projections either to the contralateral PL or to the ipsilateral basal lateral amygdala,possess distinct AIS properties reflected by morphology,ion channel expression,action potential initiation,and axo-axonic synaptic inputs from chandelier cells.Furthermore,projection-specific AIS diversity is more prominent in the superficial layer than in the deep layer.Thus,our study reveals the cortical layer-and axon projection-specific heterogeneity of PyN AISs,which may endow the spiking of various PyN types with exquisite modulation.

关键词： Axon initial segment Pyramidal neurons Heterogeneity Chandelier cell

Mechanical Force Remodeling the Adult brain

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第5期39卷 877-879页

作者： Chen Zhang Shuai Liu Yong-Chun Yu Qingjian Han State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The interactions between neural stem cells(NSCs)and their niche are essential for their maintenance,proliferation,differentiation,and migration,which contribute to brain plasticity,learning and memory,and cognition[1].As one of the key components of the NSC niche,astrocytes are vital in regulating the processes underlying brain development such as neuro-/gliogenesis,angiogenesis,axonal outgrowth,synaptogenesis,and synaptic pruning[2].Chemical and electrical signals mediated by adhesion molecules,the extracellular matrix,paracrine secretion.

关键词： vital maintenance migration

Signaling Mechanism for Modulation by GLP-1 and Exendin-4 of GABA Receptors on Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第6期38卷 622-636页

作者： Tao Zhang Hang-Ze Ruan Yong-Chen Wang Yu-Qi Shao Wei Zhou Shi-Jun Weng Yong-Mei Zhong State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032.China

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)is expressed in retinal neurons,but its role in the retina is largely unknown.Here,we demonstrated that GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor(GLP-1R;a G protein-coupled receptor)agonist exendin-4 suppressed-aminobutyric acid receptor(GABAR)-mediated currents through GLP-1Rs in isolated rat retinal ganglion cells(GCs).Pre-incubation with the stimulatory G protein(G,)inhibitor NF 449 abolished the exendin-4 effect.The exendin-4-induced suppression was mimicked by perfusion with 8-Br-cAMP(a cAMP analog),but was eliminated by the protein kinase A(PKA)inhibitor RpcAMP/KT-5720.The_exendin-4 effect was accompanied by an increase in[Ca2+];of GCs through the IP3-sensitive pathway and was blocked in Ca2+-free solution.Furthermore,when the activity of calmodulin(CaM)and CaMdependent protein kinase II(CaMKII)was inhibited,the exendin-4 effect was eliminated.Consistent with this,exendin-4 suppressed GABAR-mediated light-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in GCs in rat retinal slices.These results suggest that exendin-4-induced suppression may be mediated by a distinct G,/cAMP-PKA/IPs/Ca+/CaM/CaMKIl signaling pathway,following the activation of GLP-1Rs.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 Exendin-4 GABA current Retinal ganglion cells Neuromodulation

Geometry Flow-Based Deep Riemannian Metric Learning

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第9期10卷 1882-1892页

作者： Yangyang Li Chaoqun Fei Chuanqing Wang Hongming Shan Ruqian Lu Key Lab of MADIS Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China IEEE Institute of Science and Technology for brain-Inspired Intelligence and Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and brain-Inspired Intelligence(Ministry of Education)and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433 Shanghai Center for Brain Science and brain-Inspired Technology Shanghai 200031China

Deep metric learning(DML)has achieved great results on visual understanding tasks by seamlessly integrating conventional metric learning with deep neural networks.Existing deep metric learning methods focus on designing pair-based distance loss to decrease intra-class distance while increasing interclass distance.However,these methods fail to preserve the geometric structure of data in the embedding space,which leads to the spatial structure shift across mini-batches and may slow down the convergence of embedding learning.To alleviate these issues,by assuming that the input data is embedded in a lower-dimensional sub-manifold,we propose a novel deep Riemannian metric learning(DRML)framework that exploits the non-Euclidean geometric structural information.Considering that the curvature information of data measures how much the Riemannian(nonEuclidean)metric deviates from the Euclidean metric,we leverage geometry flow,which is called a geometric evolution equation,to characterize the relation between the Riemannian metric and its curvature.Our DRML not only regularizes the local neighborhoods connection of the embeddings at the hidden layer but also adapts the embeddings to preserve the geometric structure of the data.On several benchmark datasets,the proposed DRML outperforms all existing methods and these results demonstrate its effectiveness.

关键词： Curvature regularization deep metric learning(DML) embedding learning geometry flow riemannian metric

维普期刊数据库

Developmental Origins of Human Cortical Oligodendrocytes and Astrocytes

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第1期38卷 47-68页

作者： Lin Yang Zhenmeiyu Li Guoping Liu Xiaosu Li Zhengang Yang State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceInstitute for Translational Brain Researchand Department of NeurologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Human cortical radial glial cells are primary neural stem cells that give rise to cortical glutaminergic projection pyramidal neurons, glial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) and olfactory bulb GABAergic interneurons. One of prominent features of the human cortex is enriched with glial cells, but there are major gaps in understanding how these glial cells are generated. Herein, by integrating analysis of published human cortical single-cell RNA-Seq datasets with our immunohistochemistical analyses, we show that around gestational week 18, EGFR-expressing human cortical truncated radial glial cells (tRGs) give rise to basal multipotent intermediate progenitors (bMIPCs) that express EGFR, ASCL1, OLIG2 and OLIG1. These bMIPCs undergo several rounds of mitosis and generate cortical oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and olfactory bulb interneurons. We also characterized molecular features of the cortical tRG. Integration of our findings suggests a general picture of the lineage progression of cortical radial glial cells, a fundamental process of the developing human cerebral cortex.

关键词： Radial glial cell Intermediate progenitor cell EGFR HOPX Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Olfactory bulb interneuron Cerebral cortex Human

Influence of Recent Trial History on Interval Timing

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 559-575页

作者： Taorong Xie Can Huang Yijie Zhang Jing Liu Haishan Yao Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China

Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history.Here we found that,in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task,a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier.Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex(ALM),but not the medial prefrontal cortex,for a short time before reward delivery caused a decrease in the peak time of anticipatory licking in the next trial.Electrophysiological recordings from the ALM showed that the response profiles preceded by short and long inter-reinforcement intervals exhibited task-engagement-dependent temporal scaling.Thus,interval timing is adaptive to recent experience of the temporal interval,and ALM activity during time estimation reflects recent experience of interval.

关键词： Peak-interval timing procedure Temporal context Trial history Secondary motor cortex Temporal scaling