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Flexible molecules dedicate to release strain of inverted inorganic perovskite solar cell

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 87-93页

作者： Hongrui Sun Sanlong Wang Pengyang Wang Yali Liu Shanshan Qi Biao Shi Ying Zhao Xiaodan Zhang Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and CellsNankai University Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin Haihe Laboratory of sustainable Chemical Transformations Engineering Research center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)

The tensile strain in inorganic perovskite films induced by thermal annealing is one of the primary factors contributing to the inefficiency and instability of inorganic perovskite solar cells （IPSCs）,which reduces the defect formation ***,a flexible molecule 5-maleimidovaleric acid （5-MVA） was introduced as a strain buffer to release the residual strain of *** anhydride and carboxyl groups in 5-MVA interact strongly with the uncoordinated Pb2+through Lewis acid-base reaction,thus tightly“pull”the perovskite *** in-between soft carbon chain increased the structural flexibility of CsPbI2.85Br0.15perovskite materials,which effectively relieved the intrinsic internal strain of CsPbI2.85Br0.15,resisted the corrosion of external strain,and also reduced the formation of defects such as VIand *** addition,the introduction of 5-MVA improved crystal quality,passivated residual defects,and narrowed energy level ***,power conversion efficiency （PCE） of NiOxbased inverted IPSCs increased from 19.25% to 20.82% with the open-circuit voltage enhanced from 1.164 V to 1.230 *** release of strain also improved the stability of CsPbI2.85Br0.15perovskite films and devices.

关键词： Inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells Flexible molecules Strain release Crystallization Energy barrier High PCE

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Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 628-643页

作者： Marco Diers Robert Weigel Heike Culmsee Christoph Leuschner Plant Ecology Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenUntere Karspuele 237073 GoettingenGermany Centre of biodiversity and sustainable land use(CBL) University of GoettingenBuesgenweg 137077 GoettingenGermany

Background:Organic carbon stored in forest soils(SOC)represents an important element of the global C *** is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity,but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity,while stocking on similar substrate,is ***:We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,calcium,potassium and magnesium)in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient(560–820mm∙yr−1)in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species,forest history,climate,and soil pH on SOC and nutrient ***:While the organic layer stored on average about 80%more C under pine than beech,the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile(organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm)were greater under pine by about 40%and 20%,*** contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands,indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy *** pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under *** precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool,whereas tree species was a key *** extended data set(which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil)revealed that,besides tree species identity,forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these ***:We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients,which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories,thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes

关键词： Basic cations Fagus sylvatica Forest history Nitrogen Paired plots Pinus sylvestris Productivity effect Soil organic carbon Tree species effect

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Parallel patterns and trends in functional structures in extinct island mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 167-182页

作者： Alexandra A.E.VAN DER GEER Naturalis Netherlands biodiversity center LeidenNetherlands

Endemic mammalian species on islands are generally known to have followed a different evolutionary pathway than their mainland relatives. General patterns, such as body size trends, have been described regularly. How-ever, most island mammal species are unique and each of them is adapted to a specific local niche as part of an equally specific ecological assemblage. Therefore, comparing island species across taxa, islands and time is in-herently dangerous without understanding the adaptational value of the studied feature in the compared taxa and without taking the ecological setting of the taxa into account. In this contribution, general and recurring patterns are described per taxon. Some features, like body mass change and sturdy limbs, are relatively general, where-as most features, like bone fusions and change of orbital axis, occur only in a very few taxa. Some features are even contradictory, such as brain size and degree of hypsodonty, with each taxon having its own particular de-sign. In conclusion, general patterns are more often than not just trends and need to be applied with caution.

关键词： body proportions fossil record island rule paleo-insular mammals Pleistocene

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Occurrence and fate of endogenous steroid hormones,alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in municipal sewage treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 49-58页

作者： Qian Wu James C.W.Lam Karen Y.Kwok Mirabelle M.P.Tsui Paul K.S.Lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP) Department of Biology and Chemistry Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong of Kong

Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates（APEOs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs） that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g（dry weight）. The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.

关键词： Endocrine disruptor Steroid hormone Alkylphenol ethoxylate Phthalic acid ester Risk assessment

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Ecological Network Resilience of Shiyang River Basin: An Arid Inland Watershed of Northwest China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第5期34卷 951-966页

作者： HE Yangxi LIU Chunfang NI Bowen LIAN Hugang School of Management Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Research center of land use and Comprehensive Improvement Engineering of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730070China

Due to the uncertainties posed by climate change,resilience has become an increasingly important variable for evaluating regional ecosystem *** assessment of Ecological Network Resilience(ENR)is crucial for establishing mitigation strategies and sustainable socioeconomic development in arid *** River Basin is an arid watershed in Northwest China with complex characteristics,its ENR and spatial differentiation characteristics in 2020 were investigated in this work based on the Complex Adaptive System(CAS)*** results indicated that the mean Ecological Network Resilience Index(ENRI)value for the Shiyang River Basin was 0.390 in 2020,and the mean values in the southern mountainous,middle oasis,and northern desert regions of the basin were 0.598,0.461,and 0.237,respectively,demonstrating evident spatial ***,the ENR of the basin exhibited distinct distribution characteristics across different dimension,whereas the trend of the integrated ENR of the basin was consistent with that of elemental,structural,and functional resilience,indicating the constructed three-region ENR model based on the logical relationship of element-structure-function was suitable for evaluation of the ENR in arid inland river ***,strategies for enhancing regional ENR were proposed from the perspective of adapting to climate change.

关键词： Ecological Network Resilience(ENR) Complex Adaptive System(CAS) element-structure-function Shiyang River Basin Northwest China

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

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Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress of carob trees in Mediterranean ecosystems

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Journal of Arid land 2023年第5期15卷 562-577页

作者： Khouloud ZAGOUB Khouloud KRICHEN Mohamed CHAIEB Lobna F MNIF Laboratory of Ecosystems and biodiversity in Arid land of Tunisia Faculty of SciencesUniversity of SfaxSfax 3000Tunisia

The greatest failure rate of reforestation programs is basically related to water deficit,especially at the seedling ***,the main objective of this work is to investigate the responses of three accessions of carob trees(Ceratonia siliqua L.)with 2-year-old from different climate regions to drought generated by four water treatments:Tc(250 mm),T1(180 mm),T2(100 mm),and T3(50 mm).The first accession(A1)comes from the protected national park of Ichkeul in northern *** zone belongs to the bioclimatic sub-humid *** second accession(A2)comes from Melloulech,located in the center-east of Tunisia,belonging to the bioclimatic semi-arid *** third accession(A3)comes from the mountain of Matmata,located in the south of Tunisia,belonging to the bioclimatic hyper-arid *** experiment was undertaken in a *** exchange indices(net photosynthesis(A),stomatal conductance(gs),transpiration rate(E),and internal CO_(2) concentration(Ci))were ***(Ψpd)and midday(Ψmd)leaf water potentials,relative soil water content(SWC),and morphological parameters(plant height(H),number of leaves(NL),number of leaflets(Nl),and number of branches(NB))were *** results showed that significant differences(P<0.001)were found between physiological and morphological parameters of each *** highest growth potential was recorded for Tc treatment in both accessions A1 and *** decreases in gs,E,Ci,and SWC were recorded with the increases in water stress applied from treatment T1 to *** and significant correlations were found between SWC andΨpd for all studied accessions.Ψpd andΨmd decreased as water stress increased,ranging from–0.96 to–1.50 MPa at sunrise and from–1.94 to–2.83 MPa at midday,respectively,under control and T3 *** accessions responded to drought through exhibiting significant changes in their physiological and morphological *** accessions A1 and A2 showed greater drought tol

关键词： Ceratonia siliqua L. water stress soil moisture stomatal conductance predawn leaf water potential minimum water potential

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Using ecosystem service supply and ecosystem sensitivity to identify landscape ecology security patterns in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2758-2773页

作者： TONG Hua-li SHI Pei-ji College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Province land use and Comprehensive Improvement Engineering Research center Lanzhou 730070China

The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional *** is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecology *** paper identifies the ecological source through the evaluation of the ecosystem service and ecosystem sensitivity of the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban *** minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model modified by night light data NPP/VIIRS(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)was used to measure the relative resistance of the materials and energy circulation between the source areas,and to establish the resistance surface of the ecological source area *** ecological corridors were identified based on ecological sources and resistance *** ecological strategic node is the ecological fragile point in the ecological *** ecological strategic node is identified with hydrological module by superimposing the"ridge line"of cumulative ecological resistance with the ecological *** with ecological sources,corridors and strategic nodes,the ESP of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration can be *** ecological source of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration accounts for 28.42%of the total area,most of which is distributed within Qinghai *** nature reserves in the area are all located within the ecological source area.A total of 41 potential ecological corridors have been identified in the study *** total length of the potential corridors is 1201.03 km,comprising 23 source corridors and 18 radiation *** are 30 strategic nodes identified in the Lan-Xi urban *** locations are the most vulnerable areas of the ecological *** engineering should be applied in the construction of *** by the ecological source,the potential ecological corridor extends from

关键词： Ecological security pattern Ecosystem service Ecosystem sensitivity Ecological source Ecological corridor Urban agglomeration

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Soil and Vegetation Seasonal Changes in the Grazing Andean Mountain Grasslands

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1123-1137页

作者： MU?OZ María ángeles FAZ ángel sustainable use Management and Reclamation Soil and Water Research Group Agriculture and Science Technology Department Technical University of Cartagena

Andean grasslands ecosystems are fragile environments with rigorous climatologic conditions and low and variable food for the grazing. The Apolobamba area is located in the Bolivian Andean Mountains. Its high grasslands provide a natural habitat for wild and domestic camelids such as vicuna(Vicugna vicugna) and alpaca(Lama pacos). The botanical diversity plays an essential role in maintaining vital ecosystem functions. The objectives of this research were to determine the seasonal changes in soil properties, to study the vegetation changes during the wet and dry seasons and the influence of soil properties and camelid densities on the vegetation in the Apolobamba grasslands. Four zones with different vicuna populations were selected to be studied. The following soil parameters were determined: total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, pH and texture. The vegetation season changes were studied through botanical identification, above-ground biomass, plant cover and species richness. Results showed that some soil properties such as C/N ratio, CEC, silt and clay percentages kept stable against the seasonal changes. Generally, soil nutrients were relatively higher during the dry season in the surface and subsurface. The results did not point out the predominant vegetation growth during the wet season. The seasonal vegetation growth depended on each species. Thegood soil fertility corresponded to the highest plant cover. Soil fertility presented no influence on the above-ground biomass of the collected species. The negative influence of camelid grazing on soil properties could not be assessed. However, overgrazing could affect some plant species. Therefore, protection is needed in order to preserve the biodiversity in the Andean mountain grasslands.

关键词： biodiversity Camelid grazing High grasslands Plant communities Soil properties

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Transport, signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 231-249页

作者： Eri Adams Ryoung Shin RIKEN center for sustainable Resource Science

Potassium （K＋） is an essential macronutrient in plants and a lack of K＋ significantly reduces the potential for plant growth and development. By contrast, sodium （Na＋）, while beneficial to some extent, at high concentrations it disturbs and inhibits various physiological processes and plant growth. Due to their chemical similarities, some functions of K＋ can be undertaken by Na＋ but K＋ homeostasis is severely affected by salt stress, on the other hand. Recent advances have highlighted the fascinating regulatory mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ transport and signaling in plants. This review summarizes three major topics：（i） the transport mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ from the soil to the shoot and to the cellular - compartments; （ii） the mechanisms through which plants sense and respond to K＋ and Na＋ availability; and （iii） the components involved in maintenance of K＋/Na＋ homeostasis in plants under salt stress.

关键词： Homeostasis potassium signaling sodium transport

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